Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-10-04"

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Systems-level Modeling with Molecular Resolution Elucidates the Rate-limiting Mechanisms of Cellulose Decomposition by Cellobiohydrolases
(2013-10-04)
Shang, Barry Z.
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Chang, Rakwoo
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Chu, Jhih-Wei
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生物科技學系
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生物資訊及系統生物研究所
Interprotein and enzyme-substrate couplings in interfacial biocatalysis induce spatial correlations beyond the capabilities of classical mass-action principles in modeling reaction kinetics. To understand the impact of spatial constraints on enzyme kinetics, we developed a computational scheme to simulate the reaction network of enzymes with the structures of individual proteins and substrate molecules explicitly resolved in the three-dimensional space. This methodology was applied to elucidate the rate-limiting mechanisms of crystalline cellulose decomposition by cellobiohydrolases. We illustrate that the primary bottlenecks are slow complexation of glucan chains into the enzyme active site and excessive enzyme jamming along the crowded substrate. Jamming could be alleviated by increasing the decomplexation rate constant but at the expense of reduced processivity. We demonstrate that enhancing the apparent reaction rate required a subtle balance between accelerating the complexation driving force and simultaneously avoiding enzyme jamming. Via a spatiotemporal systems analysis, we developed a unified mechanistic framework that delineates the experimental conditions under which different sets of rate-limiting behaviors emerge. We found that optimization of the complexation-exchange kinetics is critical for overcoming the barriers imposed by interfacial confinement and accelerating the apparent rate of enzymatic cellulose decomposition.
Fungal Small RNAs Suppress Plant Immunity by Hijacking Host RNA Interference Pathways
(2013-10-04)
Weiberg, Arne
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Wang, Ming
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Lin, Feng-Mao
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Zhao, Hongwei
;
Zhang, Zhihong
Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease, is an aggressive fungal pathogen that infects more than 200 plant species. Here, we show that some B. cinerea small RNAs (Bc-sRNAs) can silence Arabidopsis and tomato genes involved in immunity. These Bc-sRNAs hijack the host RNA interference (RNAi) machinery by binding to Arabidopsis Argonaute 1 (AGO1) and selectively silencing host immunity genes. The Arabidopsis ago1 mutant exhibits reduced susceptibility to B. cinerea, and the B. cinerea dcl1 dcl2 double mutant that can no longer produce these Bc-sRNAs displays reduced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis and tomato. Thus, this fungal pathogen transfers "virulent" sRNA effectors into host plant cells to suppress host immunity and achieve infection, which demonstrates a naturally occurring cross-kingdom RNAi as an advanced virulence mechanism.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bridged Polycyclic Alkaloids via Tandem Acylation/Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction
(2013-10-04)
Chen, Chih-Hau
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Yellol, Gorakh S.
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Tsai, Cheng-Hsun
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Dalvi, Prashant B.
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Sun, Chung-Ming
A mild and efficient stereoselective synthesis of hexacyclic indole alkaloids with a tetrahydro-beta-carboline motif has been developed by utilizing the Pictet-Spengler reaction and tandem N-acylation followed by intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization. Initially, a diene unit was installed in the tetrahedron beta-carboline skeleton through Pictet-Spengler cyclization of the corresponding aldehyde with tryptophan ester. The dienophile moiety was introduced by N-acylation of tetrahydro-beta-carboline. Successive, in situ, [4 + 2] intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of the activated dienophile and conjugated diene containing intermediate furnished bridged polycyclic heterocycles with high diastereoselectivity. Formation of four new rings, five new covalent bonds, and five new chiral centers with excellent stereoselectivity is the key, feature of this strategy. The diastereoselective formation of product was attributed to intramolecular chirality transfer through a chiral amino acid. The stereoselective outcome of this tandem reaction was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies. The developed synthetic strategy was also explored on a soluble polymer support to incorporate the advantage of rapid synthesis and a high throughput workup process toward the development of a green synthetic protocol for polycyclic alkaloids.
The Post-Resuscitative Urinalysis Associate the Survival of Patients with Non-Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
(2013-10-04)
Chang, Chin-Fu
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Li, Chao-Jui
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Ko, Chih-Jan
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Teng, Tsung-Han
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Lai, Shih-Chang
Objective: To analyze whether urine output and urinalysis results are predictive of survival and neurologic outcomes in patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: Information was obtained from 1,340 patients with non-traumatic OHCA who had achieved a sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Factors that were associated with survival in the post-resuscitative period were evaluated. The association between urine output and fluid challenge in the early resuscitative period was analyzed and compared between the survivors and the non-survivors. The results of the initial urinalysis, including the presence of proteinuria and other findings, were used to evaluate the severity of vascular protein leakage and survival. The association between proteinuria and the neurologic outcomes of the survivors was also analyzed. The clinical features of capillary leakage were examined during the post-resuscitative period. Results: Of the 1,340 patients, 312 survived. A greater urine output was associated with a higher chance of survival. The initial urine output increased in proportion to the amount of fluid that was administered during early resuscitation in the emergency department for the survivors but not for the non-survivors (p<0.05). In the initial urinalysis, proteinuria was strongly associated with survival, and severe proteinuria indicated significantly poorer neurologic outcomes (p<0.05 for both comparisons). Proteinuria was associated with a risk of developing signs of capillary leakage, including body mass index gain and pitting edema (both p<0.001). Conclusion: The severity of proteinuria during the early post-resuscitative period was predictive of survival.
Rapid and highly sensitive detection of Enterovirus 71 by using nanogold-enhanced electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (vol 24, 285102, 2013)
(2013-10-04)
Li, Hsing-Yuan
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Tseng, Shing-Hua
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Cheng, Tsai-Mu
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Chu, Hsueh-Liang
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Lu, Yu-Ning
夢想一弦間　鄒世烈
(2013-10-06)
高紫娟
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
古典吉他手鄒世烈九月十一日才結束於國家演藝廳舉辦的獨奏會。對音樂有著不同的執著和堅持，非科班出身的他付出比別人更多的心血，才得以實現從小懷抱的吉他夢。
一道菜說人生　美味小影集
(2013-10-06)
許祐嘉
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
俗語說：「民以食為天。」從漫畫作品改編製作的日劇《深夜食堂》，到台灣偶像劇《沒有名字的甜點店》。食物除了提供人們營養，也可以是撫慰心靈的良藥，甚至是人的生活縮影，五味雜陳。
從眾文化　流行還是瘤形
(2013-10-06)
徐冠軒
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
現今台灣社會，到處充滿從眾現象的「一窩蜂」文化。由最近火紅的貓熊、黃色小鴨和路跑來看台灣民眾對於風潮的行為，究竟這種從眾文化對台灣是好是壞？讓我們看下去。
輕饒舌　慢嘻哈步曲
(2013-10-06)
游瑀萱
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
「如果有人，能夠將對嘻哈音樂有著刻板印象的聽眾，做出扭轉與改變，那麼我敢說，那個人，就是蛋堡。」從《收斂水》的俏皮，到《Winter Sweet》的溫馨，再到《你所不知道的杜振熙之內部整修》裡黑暗的他，蛋堡希望能藉著音樂，來呈現完整的「杜振熙」。
風箏升起　飄揚的青春
(2013-10-06)
陳韋琪
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
四個朋友，來自不同高中前往不同大學，卻因音樂而熟識，成為彼此最珍貴的陪伴。在音樂創作下，擁有各自特色的他們，互相切戳琢磨，激盪出非凡的火花。
女子歌劇院　日本少女心
(2013-10-06)
林婉婷
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
寶塚歌劇團在日本風靡百年，團裡的帥氣男役演出了日本少女理想的白馬王子，讓許多少女為之瘋狂。
總編輯的話
(2013-10-06)
聶薇庭
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
本期喀報共二十八篇文章，內容多為文化現象和樂評，範圍小至心理層面，大至社會現象，不難從中發現學生觀點的多元性，閱讀完本期後更可發現大眾所不知道的社會脈絡。
法界流氓　定義新「正義」
(2013-10-06)
李盈如
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
正義是什麼？真相又何在？人們的生活中無時無刻都由法律來控制行為，《王牌大律師》以詼諧的法庭攻防戰帶觀眾一步步逼近問題核心，重新定義心中的「正義」。
不「紙」是膠帶
(2013-10-06)
江岱燕
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
從純色基本款到條紋進階款，或是結合時令節慶而特地設計的限定版，紙膠帶的定義已不單是「用紙製成，可重覆黏貼的膠帶」。時下流行的紙膠帶是充滿各種風格與花色，可應用在裝飾手帳、製作卡片的萬用小工具。
言論自由　捍衛圖書館
(2013-10-06)
林燕婷
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
由小說改編而來，於九月十三日上映的《圖書館戰爭》，在一個架空的年代，為我們訴說著高層管制閱覽自由，控制人民思想，一群挺身捍衛圖書的人們，充滿熱血的故事。
歌武青春　復刻戀情
(2013-10-06)
陳佩瑄
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
睽違六年，亞洲天王周杰倫，二度自導自演電影《天台》，是構思整整六年後的第二部正宗周杰倫電影。《天台》這部片以復古為基礎，融合歌唱、舞蹈以及武術三元素，是台灣首部「歌武片」，令人耳目一新。
詐騙新型態　小酌妹兵團
(2013-10-06)
林妍君
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
大安區的高檔餐廳裡，一名男子將剛剛點的昂貴紅酒啜入口中，身邊的女網友今天第一次見面，餐廳裡昏黃的燈光讓她臉上更顯嬌媚可愛，男子心想，即使這裡消費高昂，但今天能有佳人相伴，也算值得了。
牢騷青春的不悔樂章
(2013-10-06)
陳祥豪
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
青春是人生最璀璨豐富的階段，但在成熟與稚嫩的交界帶，許多不明白和現實衝擊之下，我們滿腹委屈。與「來吧！焙焙！」、「傷心欲絕」、「Tizzy Bac」一起宣洩滿腹牢騷。
變調童話　明星登大人
(2013-10-06)
張薇
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
迪士尼頻道（Disney Channel）是華特迪士尼公司（The Walt Disney Company）旗下的節目，收看族群多為兒童和青少年。近年諸多新聞爆發，昔日迪士尼童星們種種不恰當的行徑，讓觀眾對這群理當作為兒童榜樣的年輕人打上大大的問號。
都會好藝術　千人壓馬路
(2013-10-06)
韓惠宇
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
上千人拿著畫筆聚集在勤美誠品旁，蹲在地上彩繪著屬於自己的天地。九月二十九號勤美誠品舉辦了塗鴉馬路的活動，大人小孩一同來此共襄盛舉，場面盛大！