Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-02-01"

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Efficient Multiply-by-3 and Divide-by-3 Algorithms and Their Fast Hardware Implementation
(2014-02-01)
Wey, Chin-Long
;
Jui, Ping-Chang
;
Sung, Gang-Neng
;
電機工程學系
;
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
This study presents efficient algorithms for performing multiply-by-3 (3N) and divide-by-3 (N/3) operations with the additions and subtractions, respectively. No multiplications and divisions are needed. Full adder (FA) and full subtractor (FS) can be implemented to realize the N3 and N/3 operations, respectively. For fast hardware implementation, this paper introduces two basic cells UCA and UCS for 3N and N/3 operations, respectively. For 3N operation, the UCA-based ripple carry adder (RCA) and carry lookahead adder (CLA) designs are proposed and their speed performances are estimated based on the delay data of standard cell library in TSMC 0.18 mu m CMOS process. Results show that the 16-bit UCA-based RCA is about 3 times faster than the conventional FA-based RCA and even 25% faster than the FA-based CLA. The proposed 16-bit and 64-bit UCA-based CLAs are 62% and 36% faster than the conventional FA-based CLAs, respectively. For N/3 operations, ripple borrow subtractor (RBS) is also presented. The 16-bit UCS-based RBS is about 15.5% faster than the 16-bit FS-based RBS.
Optimality of Frame Aggregation-Based Power-Saving Scheduling Algorithm for Broadband Wireless Networks
(2014-02-01)
Liu, Wen-Jiunn
;
Feng, Kai-Ten
;
Tseng, Po-Hsuan
;
電機資訊學士班
;
Undergraduate Honors Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
The limitation on battery lifetime has been a critical issue for the advancement of mobile computing. Different types of power-saving techniques have been proposed in various fields. In order to provide feasible energy-conserving mechanisms for the mobile subscriber stations (MSSs), three power-saving types have been proposed for the IEEE 802.16e broadband wireless networks. However, these power-saving types are primarily targeting for the cases with a single connection between the base station (BS) and the MSS. With the existence of multiple connections, the power efficiency obtained by adopting the conventional scheduling algorithm can be severely degraded. In this paper, with the consideration of multiple connections and their quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, a frame aggregation-based powersaving scheduling (FAPS) algorithm is proposed to enhance the power efficiency by aggregating multiple under-utilized frames into fully-utilized ones. The optimality on the minimum number of listen frames in the proposed FAPS algorithm is also provided, and is further validated via the correctness proofs. Performance evaluation of proposed FAPS scheme is conducted and compared via simulations. Simulation results show that the power efficiency of FAPS algorithm outperforms the other existing protocols with tolerable frame delay.
Solution-processable bismuth iodide nanosheets as hole transport layers for organic solar cells
(2014-02-01)
Boopathi, Karunakara Moorthy
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Raman, Sankar
;
Mohanraman, Rajeshkumar
;
Chou, Fang-Cheng
;
Chen, Yang-Yuang
In this paper we demonstrate the use of low-temperature-solution-processable bismuth iodide (BiI3) nanosheets as hole transport layers in organic photovoltaics with an active layer comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) mixed with a fullerene derivative. The performance of the resulting devices was comparable with that of corresponding conventionally used systems incorporating polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). UV-vis spectroscopy revealed that the transparency of a BiI3 layer in the visible ( > 620 nm) and near-infrared range is greater than that of a PEDOT:PSS layer. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of a BiI3 film revealed signals at 158.8, 164, 618.6, and 630 eV-characteristic of Bi 4f(7/2), Bi 4f(5/2), I 3d(5/2), and I 3d(3/2), respectively-that indicated a stoichiometric BiI3 film. Wet milling of BiI3 crystals resulted in the formation of nanosheets, the presence of which we confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The resultant power conversion efficiency of the device was approximately 3.5%, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.56 V, a short-circuit current density of 10.4 mA cm(-2), and a fill factor of 60.1% under AM1.5G irradiation (100 mW cm(-2)). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Tri-Resistive Switching Behavior of Hydrogen Induced Resistance Random Access Memory
(2014-02-01)
Chu, Tian-Jian
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Tsai, Tsung-Ming
;
Chang, Ting-Chang
;
Chang, Kuan-Chang
;
Zhang, Rui
In this letter, the special role of hydrogen ions in hafnium doped silicon oxide resistive random access memory (RRAM) is presented. In addition to the more typical oxygen ion-dominated resistive switching, hydrogen ions were also observed to trigger a resistance transformation phenomenon, producing a tri-resistive device. Unlike a normal RRAM device, a hydrogen plasma-treated device is operated with a reversed voltage polarity, and the direction of hydrogen ion migration results in the chemical bonds breaking and repairing. By changing the voltage polarity and stop voltage, this tri-resistive behavior can be achieved. This particular hydrogen-induced switching behavior suggests a different RRAM switching mechanism and is finally explained by our model.
Single-emission-layer white organic light-emitting devices: Chromaticity and colour-rendering consideration
(2014-02-01)
Fan, Chia-Chan
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Huang, Ming-Hong
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Lin, Wei-Chieh
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Lin, Hao-Wu
;
Chi, Yun
The chromaticity and colour-rendering capability of solution-processed single emission layer (EML) white organic light-emitting diodes (W-OLEDs) can be precisely tuned by manipulating the dopant compositions in the EMLs. In this work, we numerically modelled binary, ternary, and quaternary doping single EML W-OLEDs. The correlated colour temperature (CCT), colour-rendering index (CRI), and spectral designs were correlated. The simulation predicted that the quaternary doping system possesses the best chromaticity performance. The corresponding binary, ternary and quaternary doping single EML W-OLEDs were fabricated and characterised to verify the calculation. The solution-processed quaternary doping W-OLEDs were designed with CRI values up to 85, deviations from the Planckian locus (D-u'v') as low as +0.0009, an EQE of 13.7%, a power efficacy of 14.7 lm/W and current efficiency of up to 24.9 cd/A at 1000 cd/m(2). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Pumping Flow in a Channel With a Peristaltic Wall
(2014-02-01)
Tsui, Yeng-Yung
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Guo, Da-Ching
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Chen, Shin-Hung
;
Lin, Shi-Wen
;
機械工程學系
Simplified models were widely used for analysis of peristaltic transport caused by contraction and expansion of an extensible tube. Each of these models has its own assumptions, and therefore, weakness. To get rid of the limitations imposed by the assumptions, a numerical procedure is employed to simulate this pumping flow in the present study. In earlier studies, the frame of reference adopted moves with the peristaltic speed of the vibrating wall so that the flow becomes steady. The flow characteristics in a wavelength were the main concern. In our calculations, a channel of finite length with a flexible wall is considered. Pressures are prescribed at the inlet and outlet boundaries. The computational grid is allowed to move according to the oscillation of the wall. Another state-of the-art technique employed is to construct the grid in an unstructured manner to deal with the variable geometry of the duct. The effects of dimensionless parameters, such as amplitude ratio, wave number, Reynolds number, and back pressure on the pumping performance are examined. Details of the peristaltic flow structure are revealed. Also conducted is the comparison of numerical results with the theoretical predictions obtained from the lubrication model to determine the suitability of this theory.
A New Data Hiding Method via Revision History Records on Collaborative Writing Platforms
(2014-02-01)
Lee, Ya-Lin
;
Tsai, Wen-Hsiang
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資訊工程學系
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Department of Computer Science
A new data hiding method via collaboratively-written articles with forged revision history records on collaborative writing platforms is proposed. The hidden message is camouflaged as a stego-document consisting of a stego-article and a revision history created through a simulated process of collaborative writing. The revisions are forged using a database constructed by mining word sequences used in real cases from an English Wikipedia XML dump. Four characteristics of article revisions are identified and utilized to embed secret messages, including the author of each revision, the number of corrected word sequences, the content of the corrected word sequences, and the word sequences replacing the corrected ones. Related problems arising in utilizing these characteristics for data hiding are identified and solved skillfully, resulting in an effective multiway method for hiding secret messages into the revision history. To create more realistic revisions, Huffman coding based on the word sequence frequencies collected from Wikipedia is applied to encode the word sequences. Good experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method.
純化蛋白質的方法
(2014-02-01)
李耀坤
;
吳岳進
在此揭露一種產生標的蛋白的方法，其包含下列步驟。提供粗萃物，其包含融合蛋白。此融合蛋白包含標記物、標的蛋白以及連接子，此連接子插入到標記物及標的蛋白間。然後，結合磁性粒子與融合蛋白，以形成磁性粒子結合融合蛋白。最後，藉由斷裂用緩衝液使磁性粒子結合融合蛋白的連接子自我斷裂，以釋出標的蛋白。在此亦提供一種用以產生純化標的蛋白的一鍋化製程。
多孔性材料之製備方法
(2014-02-01)
呂志鵬
;
諶昱涵
本發明係有關於一種多孔性材料之製備方法，包括下列步驟：提供一基板；塗佈或沉積一前驅物溶液於該基板上形成一前驅物膜；其中，該前驅物溶液包括一前驅化合物、一起孔洞劑、及一溶劑，且該起孔洞劑係經過一表面改質處理後，該起孔洞劑之表面電位絕對值大於25 mV；最後熱固化該前驅物膜，並移除該起孔洞劑使之形成一多孔性材料。
日夜環境物件偵測方法
(2014-02-01)
王元凱
;
范景棠
本發明提供一種日夜環境物件偵測方法，其係以光源補償及固定光源下之背景相減以解決環境中低亮度、低對比度及高雜訊之問題。光源補償係移除環境中之光源干擾，維持影像沿時間軸於空間之一致性，於取得之正規化影像下進行背景相減，利用改良的局部二位元圖形判斷是否有新紋理，並統計局部二位元圖形之資訊以將背景模型化，建立每一像素之紋理時空統計量，藉由新紋理空間統計量之比對判斷像素之時間軸差異以找出前景，得到移動物件。
Novel Dual-Band Quasi-0-dB Coupled-Line Coupler Using the Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines
(2014-02-01)
Chi, Pei-Ling
;
Liu, Chun-Chih
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電機資訊學士班
;
Undergraduate Honors Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
A novel edge-coupled symmetric coupled-line coupler featuring the quasi-0-dB couplings at adjacently dual frequencies is presented based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines. The fulfillment of dual-frequency quasi-0-dB couplings is derived from the complete backward and complete forward coupling phenomena at the higher and lower operating frequencies, respectively. To this end, the dispersion relations of the even and odd-mode CRLH lines have to be engineered in a particular manner so that: 1) the substantial attenuation level for each mode; 2) the 180 degrees phase difference between the even and odd-mode reflection coefficients in the overlapped stopband region are obtained to accomplish the complete backward coupling; 3) the enabling curve intersection for the even and odd-mode Bloch impedances; and 4) the considerable difference between the even and odd-mode propagation constants in the left-handed regions are obtained to suppress the impedance coupling and attain strong forward coupling. Based on a thorough analysis on the even and odd-mode dispersion characteristics and Bloch impedances of the coupled lines, the operating principle and design procedure for the proposed coupler with dual-band complete couplings can be fully explained and greatly simplified. A symmetric CRLH coupled-line coupler consisting of seven coupled unit cells was experimentally developed and a shielding (metal) box was used to prevent radiation loss in the forward coupling band. Experimental results show that the maximum coupling levels are -1.3 and -0.9 dB, corresponding to the 3-dB fractional bandwidths of 15.8% and 10.8% at the lower and higher operating frequencies, respectively. Good agreement is obtained between the simulated and experimental results.
關於城市的一堂通識課-交通大學建築展
(2014-02)
交大建築研究所
;
Institute of Architecture NCTU
一堂關於「城市的通識課」是由交通大學建築所研究生透過對未來簡單的提問,讓市民大眾一起關心我們的城市,這堂通識課將以建築展覽的方式來回答我們對於未來的想像
Mandarin fricatives redux: the psychological reality of phonological representations
(2014-02-01)
Lu, Yu-An
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交大名義發表
;
National Chiao Tung University
This study contributes to the long-standing debate on the phonological representation of Mandarin palatals. The controversy results from the fact that the palatals [tE center dot, tE center dot(h), E center dot] are restricted to specific contexts and do not occur in the same contexts as three other sets of Mandarin consonants: the velars [k, k(h), x], the dentals [ts, ts(h), s], and the retroflexes [tE,, tE,(h), E,]. The debate has focused on the question of whether, in pursuit of an economical phoneme inventory, palatals should be derived from some other set of underlying sounds and, if so, with which series the palatal sounds should be identified. This paper reports on the results of experimental investigation of the perception and processing of the Mandarin fricatives [E center dot] and [s]. These two sounds are in complementary distribution in Mandarin and have been considered by various researchers to be allophonic variants of the same phoneme category. The results of two tasks, similarity ratings and discrimination of sounds on a continuum, suggest that even though the distribution of [s] and [E center dot] is predictable in Mandarin, Mandarin speakers do not necessarily treat the two sounds as variants of the same phoneme category.
Cooperative Self-Navigation in a Mixed LOS and NLOS Environment
(2014-02-01)
Tseng, Po-Hsuan
;
Ding, Zhi
;
Feng, Kai-Ten
;
電機資訊學士班
;
Undergraduate Honors Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
We investigate the problem of cooperative self-navigation (CSN) for multiple mobile sensors in the mixed line-of-sight (LOS) and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) environment based on measuring time-of-arrival (TOA) from the cooperative sensing. We first derive an optimized recursive Bayesian solution by adopting a multiple model sampling-based importance resampling particle filter for the development of CSN. It can accommodate nonlinear signal model and non-Gaussian position movement under different levels of channel knowledge. We also utilize a Rao-Blackwellization particle filter to split the original problem by tracking the channel condition with a grid-based filter and estimating the position with a particle filter. The CSN with position and channel tracking exhibits advantage over the noncooperative methods by utilizing additional cooperative measurements. It also shows improvement over the methods without channel tracking. Simulation results validate that both schemes can take the advantage of cooperative sensing and channel condition tracking in mixed LOS/NLOS environments, which motivates future research of cooperative gain for navigation and localization in a more general environment.
Data mining based storage assignment heuristics for travel distance reduction
(2014-02-01)
Chiang, David Ming-Huang
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Lin, Chia-Ping
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Chen, Mu-Chen
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運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
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Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
垂直驅動及並列驅動有機發光電晶體結構
(2014-02-01)
孟心飛
;
洪勝富
;
趙宇強
本發明係為一種垂直驅動及並列驅動有機發光電晶體結構，其中垂直驅動有機發光電晶體結構係包括：第一/第二垂直式電晶體；以及第一/第二有機發光二極體，其係分別與第一/第二垂直式電晶體垂直整合。並列驅動有機發光電晶體結構則包括：基材；第三垂直式電晶體；以及第三有機發光二極體，而第三垂直電晶體及第三有機發光二極體係並列設置於基材上。藉由將有機發光二極體及垂直式電晶體整合為單一電子元件，以使得垂直式電晶體可直接有效地驅動有機發光二極體，進而讓有機發光電晶體結構可突破現有製程上的限制，而有更廣泛的應用。
移動參數估計方法、角度估計方法及判斷方法
(2014-02-01)
黃崇榮
;
戴家威
;
蔡宗育
;
李大嵩
一種移動參數估計方法、角度估計方法及判斷方法，適於電子裝置。所述角度估計方法包括下列步驟。首先，發送第一調頻連續波信號，並由至少一天線接收目標物反射第一調頻連續波信號而形成的第二調頻連續波信號。接著，依據第一調頻連續波信號以及第二調頻連續波信號獲得關聯於目標物的多個移動參數。之後，依據所述多個移動參數以及各天線的組態參數而獲得對應於各天線的多個量測值。繼之，將所述多個量測值代入數學式，以獲得電子裝置的預設方向與目標物之間的估計角度。
Sample size determinations for Welch's test in one-way heteroscedastic ANOVA
(2014-02-01)
Jan, Show-Li
;
Shieh, Gwowen
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交大名義發表
;
管理科學系
;
National Chiao Tung University
For one-way fixed effects ANOVA, it is well known that the conventional F test of the equality of means is not robust to unequal variances, and numerous methods have been proposed for dealing with heteroscedasticity. On the basis of extensive empirical evidence of Type I error control and power performance, Welch's procedure is frequently recommended as the major alternative to the ANOVA F test under variance heterogeneity. To enhance its practical usefulness, this paper considers an important aspect of Welch's method in determining the sample size necessary to achieve a given power. Simulation studies are conducted to compare two approximate power functions of Welch's test for their accuracy in sample size calculations over a wide variety of model configurations with heteroscedastic structures. The numerical investigations show that Levy's (1978a) approach is clearly more accurate than the formula of Luh and Guo (2011) for the range of model specifications considered here. Accordingly, computer programs are provided to implement the technique recommended by Levy for power calculation and sample size determination within the context of the one-way heteroscedastic ANOVA model.
Spin-Glass Transition and Giant Paramagnetism in Heavily Hole-Doped Bi2Sr2Co2Oy
(2014-02-01)
Hsu, Hung Chang
;
Lee, Wei-Li
;
Lin, Jiunn-Yuan
;
Young, Ben-Li
;
Kung, Hsiang-Hsi
Hole-doped single crystals of misfit-layered cobaltate Bi2-xPbxSr2-zCo2Oy (x = 0-0.61, y = 8.28-8.62, and z = 0.01-0.22) have been successfully grown using the optical floating-zone method. Heavier hole doping has been achieved through both Pb substitution in the Bi site and the more effective Sr vacancy formation. The Co4+ : Co3+ ratio can be raised significantly from its original similar to 1 : 1 to 4.5 : 1, as confirmed by iodometric titration. A spin-glass transition temperature of T-g similar to 70K is confirmed by ac susceptibility measurement when the Co4+ : Co3+ ratio becomes higher than 2 : 1, presumably owing to the significantly increased probability of triangular geometrical frustration among antiferromagnetically coupled localized Co4+ spins.
Star-shaped self-assembly of an organic thin film transistor sensor in the presence of Cu2+ and CN- ions
(2014-02-01)
Ramesh, Mohan
;
You, Yuan-Ruei
;
Shellaiah, Muthaiah
;
Wu, Meng-Chyi
;
Lin, Hong-Cheu
In this study we developed organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) for the sensing of metal ions and anions through the self-assembly of a pentacene/Schiff base pyrene derivative. Our bilayer OTFTs displayed attractive device parameters: an electron mobility (mu) of 0.12 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), a threshold voltage (Vth) of 22.20 V, and a five-orders-of-magnitude on/off ratio. This device was sensitive toward Cu2+ among 13 metal cations and toward CN among nine anions, as measured through changes in the values of Vth and I-off in the presence of Cu2+ cations and a change in the value of I-sat in the presence of CN anions. We observed selectivity toward both of these ions in mixed ion solutions, with sensitivity over different concentrations (from 20 to 350 mu M for Cu2+; from 100 to 350 mu M for CN ) as well as in sea water. The pyrene derivative self-assembled through pyrene-pyrene coordination in the presence of Cu2+ ions; the rods of the pyrene derivative broke into smaller pieces upon formation of benzoxazole rings in the presence of CN ions, as confirmed using atomic force microscopy and fourier transform attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.