Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-07-29"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 25954

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) using stacked dielectrics and method for manufacturing the same
(2014-07-29)
Chin Albert
;
Cheng Chun-Hu
Resistive random access memory (RRAM) using stacked dielectrics and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed, where a setting power of only 4 μW, an ultra-low reset power of 2 nW, good switching uniformity and excellent cycling endurance up to 5×109 cycles were achieved simultaneously. Such record high performances were reached in a Ni/GeOx/nano-crystal-TiO2/TaON/TaN RRAM device, where the excellent endurance is 4˜6 orders of magnitude larger than existing Flash memory. The very long endurance and low switching energy RRAM is not only satisfactory for portable SSD in a computer, but may also create new applications such as being used for a Data Center to replace high power consumption hard discs.
Femtosecond Infrared Transient Absorption Dynamics of Benzimidazole-Based Ruthenium Complexes on TiO2 Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
(2014-07-31)
Hsu, Hung-Yu
;
Cheng, Chi-Wen
;
Huang, Wei-Kai
;
Lee, Yuan-Pern
;
Diau, Eric Wei-Guang
By means of femtosecond infrared transient absorption spectra, we measured the interfacial electron-transfer dynamics for benzimidazole-based heteroleptic ruthenium dyes (RIDS, RD12, RD15-RD18) sensitized on TiO2 thin films. For all measurements, the first singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states ((MLCT)-M-1) of the ruthenium complexes were excited at 519 nm and the injected electrons in the conduction band of TiO2 were probed at 4.3 mu m. All transient signals featured two rising components on a femtosecond-picosecond scale due to a two-step electron injection and an offset (N719, RD16-RD18) or a slow-decay (RD5, RD12, and RD15) component on a nanosecond microsecond scale due to a back electron transfer. A complicated two-step kinetic model was derived analytically to interpret the observed two rising components for which the rapid (tau(1) < 300 fs) and slow (tau(2) = 10-20 ps) electron injections arose from the singlet (MLCT)-M-1 and triplet (MLCT)-M-3 states, respectively. The amplitudes of the two electron-injection components (A(1) and A(2)) were controlled by the rate coefficient of the (MLCT)-M-1 --> (MLCT)-M-3 intersystem crossing; the variations of A(1) and A(2) are consistent with the trend of the corresponding Stokes shifts rationalized with a conventional energy-gap law for nonradiative transitions. Compared with the kinetics observed for the N719 dye, the involvement of a benzimidazole ligand in RD dyes had the effect of accelerating the two electron injections, thus improving the short circuit current of the device. RD dyes substituted with fluorine atoms and/or thiophene units in the benzirnidazole ligands showed a retardation of 3MLCT electron injection relative to that of the nonsubstituted RD5 dye. Acceleration of the BET process was observed for the RD5 dye (9 ns), and both fluoro-substituted dyes (14 ns for RD12 and 21 ns for RD15) and thiophene-substituted dyes (nonobservable for RD16-RD18) had significantly retarded BET kinetics. The observed kinetics of the (MLCT)-M-3 electron injection for all RD dyes is satisfactorily simulated with the Marcus theory.
METHOD FOR FORMING VERTICAL TYPE SENSOR
(2014-07-31)
Zan Hsiao-Wen
;
Meng Hsin-Fei
;
Dai Ming-Zhi
;
Chao Yu-Chiang
The present invention provides a vertical type sensor, including a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate; a sensing layer formed on the first electrode layer and reactive to a target substance, wherein the first electrode layer is interposed between the substrate and the sensing layer; and a second electrode layer formed on the sensing layer and having a plurality of openings, wherein the sensing layer is interposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the target substance contacts the sensing layer via the plurality of openings. The vertical type sensor of the present invention provides instant, sensitive and rapid detection.
IMAGE CODING METHOD AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM USING THE SAME
(2014-07-31)
Wu Bing-Fei
;
Chen Yen-Lin
;
Huang Hao-Yu
An image coding method including constructing a plurality of edge models with a Forward Discrete Cosine Transform (FDCT) algorithm; creating adjustment equations each matching one of the edge models; capturing an image comprising pixels; selecting the pixels of the image to define image blocks; detecting by block-edge detection (BED) a pattern collectively exhibited by the pixels in the each of the image blocks and then comparing the detected pattern with patterns of the edge models; changing the patterns of the image blocks to the patterns of the edge models and adjusting the dominating coefficient by the adjustment factor after determining that the patterns of the image blocks approximate to the patterns of the edge models; and performing a coding process on the edge models by LLEC to generate a compressed image corresponding to the edge models. An embedded system is applicable to the image coding method.
SOFT ERROR PROTECTION DEVICE
(2014-07-31)
WEN Charles Hung-Pin
;
CHANG Chun-Wei
A soft error protection device is disclosed, which comprises a soft error resilient latch (SERL) and a latch coupled to a detection device and receiving a soft error pulse and a clock (CLK) signal respectively outputted by an electronic element and a CLK generator. The SERL delays the soft error pulse. In the period of a negative level of the CLK signal, the SERL stores the delayed soft error pulse corresponding to the negative level and used as a first detection data. Meanwhile, the latch stores the soft error pulse as a second detection data. The detection device receives the CLK signal, the first and second detection datum, and compares the first and second detection datum to send out a detection signal when the CLK signal rises from the negative level to a positive level.
ETHANOL REFORMING CATALYST COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING ETHANOL REFORMING CATALYST
(2014-07-31)
LEE CHI-SHEN
;
WENG SHENG-FENG
;
CHEN YUN-SHENG
;
WANG YUN-HSIN
The instant disclosure relates to a preparation method of ethanol reforming catalyst, comprising the following steps. The first step is mixing a first metal precursor, a second metal precursor, and a third metal precursor with an organic medium to form a mixture. The next step is adding a surfactant to the mixture, and then allowing resting for 3 to 7 days to form a colloidal gel. The next step is calcining the colloidal gel for 1 to 5 hours in a first temperature region of 350° C. to 550° C., and then calcining the colloidal gel for 1 to 5 hours in a second temperature region of 800° C. to 1000° C. to form an ethanol reforming catalyst. The instant disclosure further provides an ethanol reforming catalyst composition.
Femtosecond Infrared Transient Absorption Dynamics of Benzimidazole-Based Ruthenium Complexes on TiO2 Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
(2014-07-31)
Hsu, Hung-Yu
;
Cheng, Chi-Wen
;
Huang, Wei-Kai
;
Lee, Yuan-Pern
;
Diau, Eric Wei-Guang
By means of femtosecond infrared transient absorption spectra, we measured the interfacial electron-transfer dynamics for benzimidazole-based heteroleptic ruthenium dyes (RIDS, RD12, RD15-RD18) sensitized on TiO2 thin films. For all measurements, the first singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states ((MLCT)-M-1) of the ruthenium complexes were excited at 519 nm and the injected electrons in the conduction band of TiO2 were probed at 4.3 mu m. All transient signals featured two rising components on a femtosecond-picosecond scale due to a two-step electron injection and an offset (N719, RD16-RD18) or a slow-decay (RD5, RD12, and RD15) component on a nanosecond microsecond scale due to a back electron transfer. A complicated two-step kinetic model was derived analytically to interpret the observed two rising components for which the rapid (tau(1) < 300 fs) and slow (tau(2) = 10-20 ps) electron injections arose from the singlet (MLCT)-M-1 and triplet (MLCT)-M-3 states, respectively. The amplitudes of the two electron-injection components (A(1) and A(2)) were controlled by the rate coefficient of the (MLCT)-M-1 --> (MLCT)-M-3 intersystem crossing; the variations of A(1) and A(2) are consistent with the trend of the corresponding Stokes shifts rationalized with a conventional energy-gap law for nonradiative transitions. Compared with the kinetics observed for the N719 dye, the involvement of a benzimidazole ligand in RD dyes had the effect of accelerating the two electron injections, thus improving the short circuit current of the device. RD dyes substituted with fluorine atoms and/or thiophene units in the benzirnidazole ligands showed a retardation of 3MLCT electron injection relative to that of the nonsubstituted RD5 dye. Acceleration of the BET process was observed for the RD5 dye (9 ns), and both fluoro-substituted dyes (14 ns for RD12 and 21 ns for RD15) and thiophene-substituted dyes (nonobservable for RD16-RD18) had significantly retarded BET kinetics. The observed kinetics of the (MLCT)-M-3 electron injection for all RD dyes is satisfactorily simulated with the Marcus theory.
METHOD OF GROWING DIAMOND THIN FILM
(2014-07-31)
CHANG Li
;
CHEN Yu-Chang
;
CHEN Jr-Yu
The present invention is directed to a method of growing thin film diamond. Since there are micro-grooves formed between internal grains of the heterogeneous substrate during lateral epitaxy growth, diamond seeds are allowed to be embedded in the micro-grooves; surface damage caused by scratching method or seeding method also can be prevented. As a result, a continuous diamond thin film with uniform thickness and high quality can be obtained.
VERTICAL ELECTRO-OPTICAL COMPONENT AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
(2014-07-31)
Zan Hsiao-Wen
;
Meng Hsin-Fei
;
Tsai Wu-Wei
;
Chao Yu-Chiang
A vertical electro-optical component and a method for forming the same are provided. The vertical electro-optical component includes a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a patterned insulating layer formed on the first electrode layer, a metal layer formed on the patterned insulating layer, a semiconductor layer formed on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer formed on the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer encapsulates the patterned insulating layer and the metal layer. The vertical electro-optical component thus has a low operational voltage of a vertical transistor and a high reaction speed of a photo diode, and may be used to form light-emitting transistors.
GLOBAL DYNAMICS FOR TWO-SPECIES COMPETITION IN PATCHY ENVIRONMENT
(2014-08-01)
Lin, Kuang-Hui
;
Lou, Yuan
;
Shih, Chih-Wen
;
Tsai, Tze-Hung
;
應用數學系
An ODE system modeling the competition between two species in a two-patch environment is studied. Both species move between the patches with the same dispersal rate. It is shown that the species with larger birth rates in both patches drives the other species to extinction, regardless of the dispersal rate. The more interesting case is when both species have the same average birth rate but each species has larger birth rate in one patch. It has previously been conjectured by Gourley and Kuang that the species that can concentrate its birth in a single patch wins if the diffusion rate is large enough, and two species will coexist if the diffusion rate is small. We solve these two conjectures by applying the monotone dynamics theory, incorporated with a complete characterization of the positive equilibrium and a thorough analysis on the stability of the semi-trivial equilibria with respect to the dispersal rate. Our result on the winning strategy for sufficiently large dispersal rate might explain the group breeding behavior that is observed in some animals under certain ecological conditions.
Estimation of the Moments of the Residence Time and First Passage Time from Experimentally Measurable Permeation Parameters via a New Formulation of the Transmission Matrix
(2014-08-01)
Chen, Jenn-Shing
;
Yeh, Kwei-Tin
;
Chang, Wen-Yih
;
Baird, James K.
;
應用化學系
Siegel\'s analysis on membrane transport in the Laplace domain [J. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 2556] in terms of transmission matrix, T(s), has been extended to a more useful formulation. This is achieved by combining uses of the matrix transport equations appropriate for void initial condition, or for saturated equilibrium, or of Dirac delta functional type and the theorem det[T(s)]=1. This formulation enables us to expand T(s) in power series of the Laplace variable, s, with the expansion coefficients as the algebraic functions of the experimentally measurable transport parameters. Utility of the formulation is illustrated in the estimation of the experimentally inaccessible time moments for the first passage or residence times. It was also applied to the percutaneous drug delivery to obtain from the experimental data. The higher moments of the time lag or time lead using a graphic method.
一種於太陽能電池裝置內形成透明光捕捉結構的方法
(2014-08-01)
蔡娟娟
;
徐振航
本發明揭露一種於太陽能電池裝置內形成透明光捕捉結構的方法，首先形成一層或多層透明薄膜於透明基板上，並藉由製程方法形成具有光捕捉層結構，接著再形成透明導電氧化物層於該光捕捉層上，續形成薄膜太陽能電池單元及薄透明導電氧化層，最後形成金屬電極層於薄透明導電氧化層上，藉以完成該於太陽能電池裝置內形成透明光捕捉結構的方法。
All-Color Plasmonic Nanolasers with Ultralow Thresholds: Autotuning Mechanism for Single-Mode Lasing
(2014-08-01)
Lu, Yu-Jung
;
Wang, Chun-Yuan
;
Kim, Jisun
;
Chen, Hung-Ying
;
Lu, Ming-Yen
We report on the first demonstration of broadband tunable, single-mode plasmonic nanolasers (spasers) emitting in the full visible spectrum. These nanolasers are based on a single metal oxide semiconductor nanostructure platform comprising of InGaN/GaN semiconductor nanorods supported on an Al2O3-capped epitaxial Ag film. In particular, all-color lasing in subdiffraction plasmonic resonators is achieved via a novel mechanism based on a property of weak size dependence inherent in spasers. Moreover, we have successfully reduced the continuous-wave (CW) lasing thresholds to ultrasmall values for all three primary colors and have clearly demonstrated the possibility of "thresholdless" lasing for the blue plasmonic nanolaser.
腹式發聲辨識系統與方法
(2014-08-01)
蕭子健
;
崔維軒
本發明揭露一種腹式發聲辨識系統及方法，其係用於判斷一使用者發聲之品質，其先使用一呼吸感測器與一麥克風，同步擷取發聲時之一聲音訊號和胸部與腹部之一胸部呼吸訊號及一腹部呼吸訊號，再對該聲音訊號、該胸部呼吸訊號、及該腹部呼吸訊號執行西爾伯特黃轉換分析，之後，評估發聲時之腹式換氣是否正確，並判斷發聲方式是否正確。
Applying market profile theory to forecast Taiwan Index Futures market
(2014-08-01)
Chen, Chiu-Chin
;
Kuo, Yi-Chun
;
Huang, Chien-Hua
;
Chen, An-Pin
;
資訊管理與財務金融系註：原資管所+財金所
This research applies a market profile to establish an indicator to classify the correlation between the variation in price and value with the stock trends. The indicator and technical index are neural network architecture parameters that assist to extrapolate the market logic and knowledge rules that influence the TAIEX futures market structure via an integral assessment of physical quantities. To implement the theory of market profile on neural network architecture, this study proposes qualitative and quantitative methods to compute a market profile indicator. In addition, the indicator considers the variation and relevance between long-term and short-term trends by incorporating the long-term and short-term change in market in its calculation. An assessment of forecasting performance on different calculation approaches of market profile indicator and technical analysis is conducted to differentiate their accuracies and profitability. The experimental results show the qualitative market profile indicator outperforms the quantitative approach in a short-term forecast period. In contrast, the quantitative market profile indicator has a better trend-predicting ability, thus it is more effective in the long-term forecast period. The integration of market profile and technical analysis surpasses technical analysis as a neural network architecture parameter by effectively improving forecasting performance and profitability. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of zinc on anammox activity and performance of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process
(2014-08-01)
Daverey, Achlesh
;
Chen, Yi-Chian
;
Sung, Shihwu
;
Lin, Jih-Gaw
;
環境工程研究所
In the present study, short-term effects of zinc on anammox activities and long-term effect of zinc on the performance of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process were evaluated. The anammox activity decreased with increasing zinc concentration and exposure time in short-term tests. The IC50 value of zinc was found to be 6.9 mg/L. However, the presence of zinc (<10 mg/L) in wastewater stimulated the microbial activities and nitrogen removal performance of SNAD process in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). At first, inhibition of SNAD process was observed when influent zinc concentration increased to 20 mg/L. The system recovered immediately, suggesting the acclimatization of microbial communities of SNAD process. The results showed that SBBR was well acclimatized under high zinc concentration (50-100 mg/L) achieving 98% NH4+-N, 96% TN and 87% COD removal efficiencies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Association of Taste with Change in Adiposity-Related Health Measures
(2014-08-01)
Fischer, Mary E.
;
Cruickshanks, Karen J.
;
Schubert, Carla R.
;
Pinto, Alex
;
Huang, Guan-Hua
The relationship between taste-intensity patterns and 5-year change in adiposity-related health measures was determined. Participants were members of the Beaver Dam Offspring Study, a study of the adult children of participants in the population-based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. There were 1,918 participants (mean baseline age=48.8 years; range=22 to 84 years) with baseline taste (2005 to 2008) and follow-up (2010 to 2013) data Outcomes included 5-year change in body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and hedonic ratings of specific foods. Cluster analysis with Ward\'s minimum variance method identified the following 5 patterns of the suprathreshold taste intensities of salt, sweet, sour, and bitter: salt and sweet intensities slightly above population averages, average sour and bitter intensities; salt, sour, and bitter intensities above population average, average sweet intensity; salt, sour, and bitter intensities above population average, sweet intensity substantially above average; all intensities below population averages; and all intensities close to population average. The General Linear Model procedure was used for testing cluster differences in the outcomes. With covariate adjustment, the group with all intensities close to population averages had a significantly lower average increase in body mass index compared with the group with above-average intensities for salt, sour, and bitter (+0.4 vs +0.9), and in glycosylated hemoglobin A1 c compared with the group with above-average intensities for all tastes (+0.20% vs +0.34%). Clusters differed in the hedonics of foods representing sweetness and saltiness. The study\'s findings provide evidence that perceived taste intensity might be related to changes in adiposity-related health.
National Datum Uncertainty due to Reference Frame Transformation: Case Study for the Geodetic Datum of Taiwan
(2014-08-01)
Chiu, Yuan-Hung
;
Shih, Peter Tian-Yuan
;
土木工程學系
;
Department of Civil Engineering
With the advent of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), many national geodetic datums have been established with modern technology and referenced to a specific epoch of the international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) definition. Following the static datum concept, the datum remains unchanged after its publication, which consequently creates problems in datum maintenance. In the recent update of TWD97, the national datum presently used in Taiwan, the resurvey coordinates are transformed back to the original frame but expressed in a recent epoch. In this study, the uncertainties resulting from the transformation between ITRF definitions in the region of Taiwan were investigated. Based on error propagation, a standard error of +/- 7 cm was estimated due to the transformation of the TWD97 coordinates between ITRF2005(2010.0) and ITRF94(2010.0). The uncertainties propagated from transformation parameters are more significant than those from station coordinates and velocities, and the uncertainty expands with the time interval. The SD is +/- 1.1 cm for the transformation between ITRF2005 and ITRF2000. Considering that the uncertainty between later definitions is much smaller than transforming to ITRF94, it may be preferable to replace the ITRF94 with a modern ITRF definition, at least ITRF2000, for the next TWD97 datum maintenance. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the big-eye thresher shark, Alopias superciliosus (Chondrichthyes, Alopiidae)
(2014-08-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
;
Shao, Kwang-Tsao
;
Lin, Yeong-Shin
;
Ho, Hsuan-Ching
;
Liao, Yun-Chih
The complete mitochondrial genome of the big-eye thresher shark was sequenced using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. The total length of mitochondrial DNA is 16,719 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the big-eye thresher shark is the same as the one observed in the most vertebrates. Base composition of the genome is A (31.8%), T (28.9%), C (25.8%) and G (13.5%).
Nanofabrication of uniform and stabilizer-free self-assembled platinum monolayers as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
(2014-08-01)
Li, Lu-Lin
;
Wu, Hsin-Hui
;
Tsai, Chia-Hung
;
Diau, Eric Wei-Guang
;
交大名義發表
We report a two-step dip-coating approach for the fabrication of self-assembled monolayers of platinum nanocrystals (SAM-Pt) with a particle size of similar to 3 nm and that are uniformly deposited on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) surface to serve as a counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In the first step, we prepared a polyol solution containing H2PtCl6 and ethylene glycol at 110 degrees C, in which the reduction kinetics were controlled by adding various proportions of NaOH. In the second step, we immersed a thiol-modified TCO substrate into the polyol solution with monodispersed Pt nanoparticles prepared at pH 3.7 at approximately 295 K to complete the nanofabrication. The DSSC devices using Z907 dye as a photosensitizer and the CE prepared using this SAM-Pt approach attained notable photovoltaic performance (eta = 9.2%) comparable with those fabricated using a conventional thermal decomposition method (eta = 9.1%) or a cyclic electrodeposition method (eta = 9.3%) under the same experimental conditions. We emphasize that the SAM-Pt films feature a clean surface, uniform morphology, narrow size distribution, small Pt loading and great catalytic activity; the present approach is hence not only suitable for DSSCs but also applicable for many other energy-related applications that require platinum as an efficient catalyst.