Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-05"

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Differentiation of visual spectra and nuptial colorations of two Paratanakia himantegus subspecies (Cyprinoidea: Acheilognathidae) in response to the distinct photic conditions of their habitats
(2015-05-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
;
Shao, Yi Ta
;
Fu, Wen-Chung
;
Anraku, Kazuhiko
;
Lin, Yeong-Shin
Background: Vision, an important sensory modality of many animals, exhibits plasticity in that it adapts to environmental conditions to maintain its sensory efficiency. Nuptial coloration is used to attract mates and hence should be tightly coupled to vision. In Taiwan, two closely related bitterlings (Paratanakia himantegus himantegus and Paratanakia himantegus chii) with different male nuptial colorations reside in different habitats. We compared the visual spectral sensitivities of these subspecies with the ambient light spectra of their habitats to determine whether their visual abilities correspond with photic parameters and correlate with nuptial colorations. Results: The electroretinogram ( ERG) results revealed that the relative spectral sensitivity of P. h. himantegus was higher at 670 nm, but lower at 370 nm, than the sensitivity of P. h. chii. Both bitterlings could perceive and reflect UV light, but the UV reflection patterns differed between genders. Furthermore, the relative irradiance intensity of the light spectra in the habitat of P. h. himantegus was higher at long wavelengths (480-700 nm), but lower at short wavelengths (350-450 nm), than the light spectra in the habitats of P. h. chii. Conclusions: Two phylogenetically closely related bitterlings, P. h. himantegus and P. h. chii, dwell in different waters and exhibit different nuptial colorations and spectral sensitivities, which may be the results of speciation by sensory drive. Sensory ability and signal diversity accommodating photic environment may promote diversity of bitterling fishes. UV light was demonstrated to be a possible component of bitterling visual communication. The UV cue may assist bitterlings in gender identification.
Surface modification of alignment layer by ultraviolet irradiation to dramatically improve the detection limit of liquid-crystal- based immunoassay for the cancer biomarker CA125
(2015-05-01)
Su, Hui-Wen
;
Lee, Mon-Juan
;
Lee, Wei
;
影像與生醫光電研究所
;
Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics
Liquid crystal (LC)-based biosensing has attracted much attention in recent years. We focus on improving the detection limit of LC-based immunoassay techniques by surface modification of the surfactant alignment layer consisting of dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP). The cancer biomarker CA125 was detected with an array of anti-CA125 antibodies immobilized on the ultraviolet (UV)-modified DMOAP monolayer. Compared with a pristine counterpart, UV irradiation enhanced the binding affinity of the CA125 antibody and reproducibility of immunodetection in which a detection limit of 0.01 ng/ml for the cancer biomarker CA125 was achieved. Additionally, the optical texture observed under a crossed polarized microscope was correlated with the analyte concentration. In a proof-of-concept experiment using CA125spiked human serum as the analyte, specific binding between the CA125 antigen and the anti-CA125 antibody resulted in a distinct and concentration-dependent optical response despite the high background caused by nonspecific binding of other biomolecules in the human serum. Results from this study indicate that UV modification of the alignment layer, as well as detection with LCs of large birefringence, contributes to the enhanced performance of the label-free LC-based immunodetection, which may be considered a promising alternative to conventional label-based methods. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Determination of Source-and-Drain Series Resistance in 16-nm-Gate FinFET Devices
(2015-05-01)
Su, Ping-Hsun
;
Li, Yiming
;
電信工程研究所
;
Institute of Communications Engineering
Source/drain (S/D) series resistance is difficult to extract, owing to poor epigrowth and nonuniform distribution of current density in S/D, critical limitation of restrictive design rule, ultrathin contact film, and complicated 3-D FinFET structure. In this brief, we, for the first time, propose a novel test structure for the measurement of the S/D series resistance. This technique enables us to determine the individual value of the S/D series resistance resulting from the S/D contact, the S/D epigrowth fin, and the channel gate, respectively. Each device\'s S/D series resistance on different layout locations is characterized on the basis of its connection with specified S/D contact. The test structure and extraction method can be applied to monitor the process development of sub-16-nm-gate multifin bulk FinFET devices, such as the channel fin doping, the S/D epigrowth, and the S/D contact size formation.
Microwave Controlled Reductive Cyclization: A Selective Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazole-alkyloxypyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones
(2015-05-01)
Dhole, Sandip
;
Selvaraju, Manikandan
;
Maiti, Barnali
;
Chanda, Kaushik
;
Sun, Chung-Ming
An efficient cascade synthesis of novel benzimidazole linked alkyloxypyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones was explored on soluble polymer support under micro-Wave irradiation. Two exclusive protocols have been developed for the partial and reductive cyclization by Controlling the microwave energy, Commencing from the smile substrate, ortho nitro, pyrrol: carboxylates, N-hydroxy pyrroloquinoxalinones were obtained by,, partial reductive cyclization (60 degrees C, 7 min), and the synthesis of pyrroloquinoxalinones was accomplished by full reductive, cyclization (85 degrees C, 12 min). This method represents the first synthesis N-hydroxy pyrroloquinoxalinones using Pd/C and ammonium formate as reducing agents: Further employing a variety Of alkyl bromides, the obtained pyrroloquinoxalinones were transformed to their corresponding O-, and N-alkylated analogues to deliver the diversified, novel molecular entities.
Review of a solution-processed vertical organic transistor as a solid-state vacuum tube
(2015-05-01)
Lin, Hung-Cheng
;
Zan, Hsiao-Wen
;
Chao, Yu-Chiang
;
Chang, Ming-Yu
;
Meng, Hsin-Fei
In this paper, we investigate the key issues in raising the on/off current ratio and increasing the output current. A 1 V operated inverter composed of an enhancement-mode space-charge-limited transistor (SCLT) and a depletion-mode SCLT is demonstrated using the self-assembled monolayer modulation process. With a bulk-conduction mechanism, good bias-stress reliability, and good bending durability are obtained. Finally, key scaling-up processes, including nanoimprinting and blade-coated nanospheres, are demonstrated.
Characterizing the Stress Intensity Factor of Graphene Sheet with Central Crack
(2015-05-01)
Tsai, Jia-Lin
;
Sie, Meng-Jhe
;
機械工程學系
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
This paper aims to characterize the stress intensity factor (SIF) of atomistic graphene sheet with central crack subjected to uniaxial loading. The equilibrium configuration of the defective graphene sheet with missing covalent bonds was generated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Subsequently, the local stress distribution near the crack tip of atomistic structure was evaluated using the Hardy stress formulation as well as the non-local elasticity theory. Based on the local stress distributions, the SIF of the atomistic graphene sheet was determined through the projection process. In comparison, the graphene sheet was also treated as a continuum solid, and the stress distribution near the crack tip as well as the SIF were evaluated from the finite element method (FEM). In an attempt to understand the crack size effect, the crack length was assumed to vary from 3 lattice distance to around 80 lattice distance. Results revealed that the SIF calculated based on the nonlocal elasticity theory in conjunction with the projection process is quite sensitive to the selection of the projection point. However, for the Hardy stress distribution, when the projection position is 1 lattice distance away from the crack tip, the SIF is quite consistent and the result is compatible to that obtained from the FEM analysis. Moreover, the agreement is better as the crack size is increasing. Therefore, the SIF calculated based on the Hardy stress formulation together with the projection approach could be a physical quantity correlating the defective atomistic graphene sheet with its continuum counterpart.
Development of a Wireless Oral-Feeding Monitoring System for Preterm Infants
(2015-05-01)
Wang, Yu-Lin
;
Hung, Jing-Sheng
;
Wang, Lin-Yu
;
Ko, Mei-Ju
;
Chou, Willy
Oral-feeding disorder is common in preterm infants. It not only shows the adverse effect for growth and neurodevelopment in clinical but also becomes one of the important indicators of high-risk group for neurodevelopment delay in preterm infants. Preterm infants must coordinate the motor patterns of sucking, swallowing, and respiration skillfully to avoid choking, aspiration, oxygen desaturation, bradycardia, or apnea episodes. However, up to now, the judgment and classification severity in preterm infants are mostly subjective and phasic evaluations. Directly monitoring the coordination of sucking-swallowing-breathing during oral feeding simultaneously is difficult for preterm infants. In this study, we proposed a wireless oral-feeding monitoring system for preterm infants to quantitatively monitor the sucking pressure via a designed sucking pressure sensing device, swallowing activity via a microphone to detect swallowing sound, and diaphragmatic breathing movement via surface electromyogram. Moreover, a sucking-swallowing-breathing detection algorithm is also proposed to evaluate the events of sucking-swallowing-breathing activities. Furthermore, verification of the accuracy and rationality of oral-feeding parameters with clinical findings including sucking, swallowing, and breathing in term and preterm infants had proved the practicality and value of the proposed system.
Analyzing job completion reliability and job energy consumption for a heterogeneous MapReduce cluster under different intermediate-data replication policies
(2015-05-01)
Lin, Jia-Chun
;
Leu, Fang-Yie
;
Chen, Ying-Ping
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
Recently, MapReduce has been a popular distributed programming framework for solving data-intensive applications. However, a large-scale MapReduce cluster has inevitable machine/node failures and considerable energy consumption. To solve these problems, MapReduce has employed several policies for replicating input data, storing/replicating intermediate data, and re-executing failed tasks. In this study, we concentrate on two typical policies for storing/replicating intermediate data, and derive the job completion reliability (JCR for short) and job energy consumption (JEC for short) of a MapReduce cluster when the two policies are individually employed. The two policies are further analyzed and compared given various scenarios in which jobs with different input data sizes, numbers of reduce tasks, and other parameters are run in a MapReduce cluster with two extreme parallel execution capabilities. From the analytical results, MapReduce managers are able to comprehend how the two policies influence the JCR and JEC of a MapReduce cluster.
非接觸式訊號傳輸整合式裝置
(2015-05-01)
鍾世忠
;
王孝寧
本發明係有關於一種非接觸式訊號傳輸整合式裝置，運用濾波器設計之方法與概念，使訊號從晶片中傳遞轉換至印刷電路基板傳輸線上。所述裝置包括：一基板；一晶片，係設置於基板上；一第一共振單元，係設置於晶片上，並接收由晶片所產生具有一第一頻率之一第一訊號；一印刷電路基板，設置相對於基板之一間隙上；以及一第二共振單元，係設置於印刷電路基板上；其中，第一訊號經由第一共振單元使得於第一共振單元及第二共振單元之間產生一非接觸式耦合，進而使得第二共振單元產生一第二訊號，第二訊號具有實質上等於第一頻率之一第二頻率。
莊雅仲，《民主台灣：後威權時代的社會運動與文化政治》
(2015-05)
容邵武
;
Shaw-wu Jung
;
College of Hakka Studies
;
International Center for Hakka Studies
;
客家文化學院
本書探討三類關鍵概念：分別是公共、本土與地方問題。本書著重微觀的政治過程，以人類學特有的參與觀察，並同時提出不同的理論視角。
Influence of co-feeds additive on the photo-epoxidation of propylene over V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst
(2015-05-01)
Nguyen, Van-Huy
;
Lin, Shawn D.
;
Wu, Jeffrey C. S.
;
Bai, Hsunling
;
環境工程研究所
In this work, the effects of co-feed species, namely, H2O or H-2, on the photocatalytic epoxidation of propylene over V-Ti/MCM-41 are examined. A promoting effect on the C3H6 consumption rate is found under 0.6 kPa H2O co-feed when the PO (propylene oxide) formation rate is not proportionally promoted, resulting a slightly decreased PO selectivity. With increasing H2O concentration, the reaction activity decreases and this can be attributed to surface site blocking by excess H2O. The presence of H2O also increases the stability of photocatalyst during reaction. Similar observation of the enhanced C3H6 consumption rate and the improved stability is found when 5.6 kPa H-2 is used as co-feed. We found that the catalyst stability is improved when the AA (acetaldehyde) is increased. This suggests that AA accumulation on the catalyst surface may lead to surface fouling and the observed deactivation. The presence of H2O or H-2 co-feed, which can lead to hydroxyl radical (OH.), may impose a shift in the production formation of photocatalytic reaction. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2H-Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Growth on c-Plane Sapphire Substrate Using an AlN Buffer Layer and Effects of Surface Pre-Treatments
(2015-05-01)
Luong, Tien-Tung
;
Binh Tinh Tran
;
Ho, Yen-Teng
;
Wei, Ting-Wei
;
Wu, Yue-Han
The effects of surface pre-treatments and the role of an AN buffer layer for 2H-SiC growth on c-plane sapphire substrates by thermal CVD are investigated. While the crystallinity of SiC directly grown on sapphire substrate always degrades with a hydrogen pre-treatment but improves by optimizing carbonization, the crystallinity of SiC grown on sapphire substrate using an AN buffer grown by MOCVD improves with sufficient time of exposure to the H pre-treatment but always deteriorates with carbonization. Detailed microstructural analysis by phi-scan x-ray diffraction reveals that SiC film grown on sapphire substrate consists of crystalline domains with two different crystallographic orientations which are rotated relative to each other along the [111] axis by 60 degrees. A highly oriented hexagonal 2H-SiC film is obtained on low-cost c-plane sapphire substrate by using an AN buffer. 2H-SiC is unambiguously determined not only by phi-scan x-ray diffraction but also by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The growth relationship between 2H-SiC and 2H-AlN are coherent due to the favorable bonding of C and Al between SiC and AlN.
潔養堂的重現和變遷：田野考察紀要
(2015-05)
黃賢強
;
Sin Kiong Wong
;
College of Hakka Studies
;
International Center for Hakka Studies
;
客家文化學院
本文為筆者七次考察梅州潔養堂的田野記錄，從中看出過去8年來這個客家圍龍屋的變遷。潔養堂的主人梁碧如年少離家到南洋謀生，白手起家，成為英屬馬來亞的鉅富和僑領。梁碧如逝世於南洋，但晚年在家鄉興建潔養堂，光宗耀祖。可惜時過境遷，家族沒落，後代子孫甚至不知梁碧如具體的輝煌事跡。經過這幾次的田野考察，筆者和受訪者都有很大的收穫，一部更完整的家族史雛形隱然呈現。潔養堂也從一座被冷落和忽略的圍龍屋，演變為當地的文物保護單位。
Pre-surgical Geriatric Syndromes, Frailty, and Risks for Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: Prevalence and Red Flags
(2015-05-01)
Chen, Cheryl Chia-Hui
;
Lin, Ming-Tsan
;
Liang, Jin-Tung
;
Chen, Chun-Min
;
Yen, Chung-Jen
We sought to identify and evaluate red flags for pre-surgical geriatric conditions (geriatric syndromes, frailty, and risks for postoperative delirium) in older patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Older individuals (a parts per thousand yen65 years) undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery from 2009 to 2012 were enrolled and assessed preoperatively. Participants (N = 379; mean age = 74.5 +/- 5.9 years) primarily underwent colorectal (54.3 %), gastric (21.9 %), and pancreatobiliary (12.6 %) surgery. Overall, 30.9 % had existing geriatric syndromes, 26.7 % were frail, and 22.8 % had > 3 risk factors for postoperative delirium. The largest proportion (45.7 %) presented with at least one geriatric condition. Patients with or without geriatric conditions were discriminated with adequate sensitivity (67 %), specificity (84 %), and positive predictive value (77 %) by eight red flags: age a parts per thousand yen75 years (OR, 2.86; P < 0.001), eating soft food (OR, 3.63; P = 0.001), reported hypertension (OR, 2.8; P = 0.001), weight loss > 3 kg (OR, 4.79; P < 0.001), fair-to-weak grip strength (OR, 2.53; P = 0.001), sleeplessness (OR, 2.57; P = 0.001), no-better-than-peer perceived health (OR, 1.88; P = 0.022), and short-term inability to recall two of three common words (OR, 1.81; P = 0.025). Eight red flags covered as part of history and physical examination are well suited to screen patients for geriatric conditions indicating the need for preoperative geriatric assessments and optimization.
整合性儲存空間平台系統及方法
(2015-05-01)
曾建超
;
何承運
;
林家樑
;
吳捷
Anthracene coupled thiourea as a colorimetric sensor for F-/Cu2+ and fluorescent sensor for Hg2+/picric acid
(2015-05-01)
Udhayakumari, Duraisamy
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Velmathi, Sivan
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Venkatesan, Parthiban
;
Wu, Shu-Pao
;
應用化學系
A new dual chemosensor (Z)-2-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide R1 was synthesized by incorporating a thiourea derivative as a binding unit and an anthracene group as a fluorescence signalling unit. R1 selectively binds with Cu2+ and He2+ ions in aqueous medium. R1 exhibits highly selective recognition towards F- ion and picric acid in organic medium. Fluorescence quenching was observed in case of R1 with Cu2+ and He+ ions over commonly coexistent metal ions. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions in living RAW 264.7 cells demonstrate its value of practical applications in biological systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Guidance path scheduling using particle swarm optimization in crowd simulation
(2015-05-01)
Wong, Sai-Keung
;
Tang, Pao-Kun
;
Li, Fu-Shun
;
Wang, Zong-Min
;
Yu, Shih-Ting
In this paper, we propose a method for using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to compute optimal guidance paths for various crowd densities in an agent-based crowd simulation. The inputs of our system are guidance paths that provide hints for the movement directions of agents. Input guidance paths may not be located correctly (e.g., leading to congestion or high traveling cost); therefore, our method adjusts the guidance paths by using PSO. We consider several factors for evaluating the quality of a guidance path, including the average traveling time and interaction distance between agents. We apply our method in several examples. Experimental results show that our method can compute adaptive guidance paths for various crowd densities. Our system can simulate organized crowds that move in directions specified by the guidance paths. Copyright (c) 2015John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus lorazepam for the treatment of acute schizophrenia with agitation: An open-label, randomized controlled trial
(2015-05-01)
Huang, Charles Lung-Cheng
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Hwang, Tzung-Jeng
;
Chen, Yi-Hsing
;
Huang, Guan-Hua
;
Hsieh, Ming H.
Background/Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety profile between intramuscular (IM) olanzapine and IM haloperidol plus IM lorazepam in acute schizophrenic patients with moderate to severe agitation. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label study. Acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 67) were randomized to receive 10 mg IM olanzapine (n = 37) or 5 mg IM haloperidol plus 2 mg IM lorazepam (n = 30). Agitation was measured with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC) and AgitationeCalmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) during the first 2 hours and at 24 hours after the first injection. Safety was assessed using the SimpsoneAngus Scale and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale and by recording adverse events at 24 hours following the first injection. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale was also rated. Results: The PANSS-EC scores decreased significantly at 2 hours after the first injection in both groups (olanzapine: -10.2, p < 0.001; haloperidol + lorazepam: -9.9, p < 0.001). Haloperidol plus lorazepam was not inferior to olanzapine in reducing agitation at 2 hours. There were no significant differences in PANSS-EC or ACES scores between the two groups within 2 hours following the first injection. The frequencies of adverse events and changes in Clinical Global Impression-Severity, SimpsoneAngus Scale, and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale scores from baseline to 24 hours showed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest that IM haloperidol (5 mg) plus lorazepam (2 mg) is not inferior to IM olanzapine (10 mg) in the treatment of acute schizophrenic patients with moderate to severe agitation. Copyright (C) 2015, Elsevier Taiwan LLC & Formosan Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Cultivation of microalgal Chlorella for biomass and lipid production using wastewater as nutrient resource
(2015-05-01)
Chiu, Sheng-Yi
;
Kao, Chien-Ya
;
Chen, Tsai-Yu
;
Chang, Yu-Bin
;
Kuo, Chiu-Mei
Using wastewater for microalgal cultures is beneficial for minimizing the use of freshwater, reducing the cost of nutrient addition, removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater and producing microalgal biomass as bioresources for biofuel or high-value by-products. There are three main sources of wastewater, municipal (domestic), agricultural and industrial wastewater, which contain a variety of ingredients. Some components in the wastewater, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are useful ingredients for microalgal cultures. In this review, the effects on the biomass and lipid production of microalgal Chlorella cultures using different kinds of wastewater were summarized. The use of the nutrients resource in wastewater for microalgal cultures was also reviewed. The effect of ammonium in wastewater on microalgal Chlorella growth was intensively discussed. In the end, limitations of wastewater-based of microalgal culture were commented in this review article. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
性別化敘事裡的祖先與家族：以北臺灣兩個客家菁英家族為例
(2015-05)
簡美玲
;
Mei-ling Chien
;
College of Hakka Studies
;
International Center for Hakka Studies
;
客家文化學院
本文以民族誌脈絡下的口述資料為核心，描述與討論北臺灣竹塹地區兩個客家家族的成員，如何透過家戶內日常生活的敘事與實踐，展現其身為家族一員的經驗，以及對於祖先與家族的想像。尤其，也包含媳婦與女兒的角色。經由敘事的比較分析，本文指出，二個客家菁英家族對於家族的敘事，並置差異與同質，而在家族內又呈現對於祖先與家族之敘事與想像上的性別差異。其一，兩個客家家族對「家族」想像的差異，是由於他們將「家族」作為一種傳承與教育之交往空間的殊異性。他們對於「家族」的想像與再現，是各自透過不同層次的物質文化（祖厝、群居生活、古文物、紀念文集）、行動網絡（祭祀公會、族譜的書寫與編撰、祭祀活動）與語言（祖訓、祖先故事）進而交織成一人文空間的媒介。這些不同的媒介共同成為家族成員間交往連結或思想傳承的流動場域。其二，此兩個客家家族的女性對於祖先與家族的想像的敘事內容，大多聚焦在日常生活、人際交流、婆媳互動與小孩教養的實際經驗，這和男性對於家族想像有所差異：男性多從文字資料或概念性的家族故事，述說「我們是什麼樣的家族」，而女性則從日常經驗與記憶裡構築對於祖先與家族的想像與觀點。