Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2016-01-14"

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Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for biliary tract disease
(2016-01-14)
Chuang, Shu-Hung
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Lin, Chih-Sheng
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生物科技學系
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Department of Biological Science and Technology
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS), or laparoendoscopic single-site surgery, has been employed in various fields to minimize traumatic effects over the last two decades. Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has been the most frequently studied SILS to date. Hundreds of studies on SILC have failed to present conclusive results. Most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been small in scale and have been conducted under ideal operative conditions. The role of SILC in complicated scenarios remains uncertain. As common bile duct exploration (CBDE) methods have been used for more than one hundred years, laparoscopic CBDE (LCBDE) has emerged as an effective, demanding, and infrequent technique employed during the laparoscopic era. Likewise, laparoscopic biliary-enteric anastomosis is difficult to carry out, with only a few studies have been published on the approach. The application of SILS to CBDE and biliary-enteric anastomosis is extremely rare, and such innovative procedures are only carried out by a number of specialized groups across the globe. Herein we present a thorough and detailed analysis of SILC in terms of operative techniques, training and learning curves, safety and efficacy levels, recovery trends, and costs by reviewing RCTs conducted over the past three years and two recently updated meta-analyses. All existing literature on single-incision LCBDE and single-incision laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy has been reviewed to describe these two demanding techniques.
Conductivity study of nitrogen-doped calcium zinc oxide prepared by spray pyrolysis
(2016-01-15)
Hsu, Yu-Ting
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Lan, Wen-How
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Huang, Kai-Feng
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Lin, Jia-Ching
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Chang, Kuo-Jen
In this study, the spray pyrolysis method was used to prepare unintentionally doped and nitrogen-doped calcium zinc oxide films by using zinc acetate, calcium nitrate precursor, and ammonium acetate precursor. Morphological and structural analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that film grain size decreased as the nitrogen doping was increased. Both calcium oxide and zinc oxide structures were identified in the unintentionally doped calcium zinc oxide. When nitrogen doping was introduced, the film mainly exhibited a zinc oxide structure with preferred (002) and (101) orientations. The concentration and mobility were investigated using a Hall measurement system. P-type films with a mobility and concentration of 10.6 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and 2.8 x 10(17) cm(-3), respectively, were obtained. Moreover, according to a temperature-dependent conductivity analysis, an acceptor state with activation energy 0.266 eV dominated the p-type conduction for the unintentionally doped calcium zinc oxide. By contrast, a grain boundary with a barrier height of 0.274-0.292 eV dominated the hole conduction for the nitrogen-doped calcium zinc oxide films. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
數理簡訊
(2016-01-15)
編輯室
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
乘著數學想像的翅膀飛翔(上) IMGINARY 來臺灣了！展覽中最吸引觀眾眼光的，就是具有強大互動性與表現力的 SURFER。事實上，SURFER 可以說是體現了整個策展的目標：以數學的視覺與美學面向作為抓睛的焦點，然後以互動的方式向訪客說明數學的背景，最後希望因此改善數學艱澀的形象，增進公眾理解，提升小孩與成人對數學的興趣與熱情。乘著數學想像的翅膀飛翔(下) 數學的美是一個迷人的話題。本刊第二期報導過阿提雅參與的認知科學實驗（〈掃描數學家的腦：看到數學之美〉），一年多後曼弗德做了有趣又嚴正的呼應（本期〈數學之美〉），文中還提到正在美國巡迴的數學最美公式的展覽： Concinnitas 計畫，這個展覽呈現十幅著名數學家或科學家手書公式的版畫。哥德爾和涂林現身量子力學量子譜隙竟然是不可判定的哥德爾的定理雖然常引起討論和引申，但它其實是數理邏輯裡的產物，哥德爾的證明方法也非常技術性，很難看出與現實世界有何關聯。不少人曾揣想不完備定理能帶給自然科學什麼啟示，例如物理學家霍金（S. Hawking）便曾發表過題名為〈哥德爾和物理的終結〉（Gödel and the End of Physics, 2002）的演講，猜測物理學裡是否有終究不可知的事物。但是這些終歸是形而上的類比、隱喻或隨想，不曾被真正引入到理論的核心。然而現在情形似乎有了改變。圖同構問題30年來的大突破圖同構問題是圖論以及計算複雜性理論（complexity theory）裡一項基本又應用廣泛的問題，而且這方面的研究已經停滯 30 多年沒有進展，所以巴拜的新成果立即被各界認為是歷史性的突破，如果正確的話，可以名列近年來最重要的成果。
數學之美從一個神經科學實驗講起
(2016-01-15)
曼弗德 David Mumford
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周樹靜
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
最近，阿提雅（Michael Atiyah）和哲吉（Semir Zeki）兩位教授合作，以令人訝異的實驗研究將兩個問題合而為一，名為〈數學美感經驗與其神經關連〉（The experience of mathematical beauty and its neural correlates）。他們請 15 位數學家檢視 60道公式，以醜、中性、美為這些公式評分（見 56頁 BOX），同時以功能性核磁共振造影（fMRI）掃描他們的腦部。這項研究的主要結論是美感評價和內側眼窩額葉皮質（medial orbital frontal cortex; mOFC）有某種程度的關連（雖然 mOFC 活動相對於基準線減弱的現象有點奇怪）。
女數學家之旅
(2016-01-15)
蕭美琪
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林奕君
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
1955 年，我出生於臺北市。因為國民政府在內戰中敗給共產黨，我的父母和 200 萬大陸人在 1949年一起遷徙到臺灣，父親當時隸屬於撤退的國民政府空軍。我出生時，上有三個哥哥和一個姐姐，兩年後又添了一個弟弟。我的名字取自父母最喜愛的上海戲院（美琪大戲院依然還在）。他們很懷念1945-1947 年對日抗戰後，與我兩位哥哥同住在上海的那段時光。他們總愛打趣說，女孩子在中國家庭沒有地位，所以沒多花心思在女孩的名字上。我的姐姐叫美琛，「琛」是一種玉，「琪」是另一種。男孩則依照家族傳統屬於「宇」字輩。（圖 1）
A water soluble and fast response fluorescent turn-on copper complex probe for H2S detection in zebra fish
(2016-01-15)
Palanisamy, Sathyadevi
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Lee, Lu-Ying
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Wang, Yu-Liang
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Chen, Yu-Jen
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Chen, Chiao-Yun
According to the displacement method, herein we reported a water soluble copper complex [Cu(MaT-cyclen)(2)] as a fluorescent probe for the detection of H2S. For this, 1((1-(10-methylanthracen-9-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (MaT-cyclen) was synthesized first To improve its solubility in aqueous media, sodium acetate group was introduced into 8-hydroxy-2-quinoline successfully. MaT-cyclen was chelated with Cu(II) to form [Cu(MaT-cyclen)2] complex, which displayed high sensitivity and selectivity for H2S over the other possible competitive substances on the basis of forming CuS. Meanwhile, [Cu(MaT-cyclen)(2)] displayed rapid response (< 1 min), well reversibility, lowest detection limit (205 nM), and high sensitivity for recognizing H2S in aqueous solution. Furthermore, its potential utility for biological applications was confirmed by fluorescence imaging of H2S in live cells as well as in zebra fish. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
QoS-aware resource management for multimedia traffic report systems over LTE-A
(2016-01-15)
Liu, Tzu-Chin
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Wang, Kuochen
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Ku, Chia-Yu
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Hsu, Yi-Huai
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資訊工程學系
The multimedia traffic report system is a new type of applications in wireless vehicular networks equipped with sensors. This system can provide various kinds of traffic information, which are directly obtained from on-car sensors and devices via LTE-A. By leveraging LTE-A technologies, the system can support wide-range transmissions and better mobility. Despite of these improvements, the resource management problem is still a challenging issue due to a large number of on-car sensors and devices. Existing resource management studies focus on channel quality or Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for non-vehicular applications. To get the most useful and complete traffic information, including location coverage, an efficient resource management mechanism for multimedia vehicular applications is indispensable. In this paper, we propose a QoS-aware resource management mechanism for multimedia traffic report systems over LTE-A (QoS-MTRS). The main idea is to schedule resources according to the importance degrees of various traffic data. Furthermore, we take channel availability into consideration to make sure that the transmission is feasible. The objective of QoS-MTRS is to improve the diversity, completeness and overall traffic data value under radio resource limitations. We have conducted a system-level simulation that includes an LTE-A network environment to evaluate our design. Simulation results show that the proposed QoS-MTRS is better than BQA (bandwidth and QoS-aware scheduler), Greedy, and FCFS in terms of appearance probability of receiving more than one kind of traffic data types per location block, duplication ratio, overall traffic data value, end-to-end delay, system throughput, location coverage, and flow rejection rate. The significance of this work is the proposed QoS-MTRS can be applied to LTE-A for supporting high-bandwidth demands Internet of Things (IoTs). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
帝國縮影清代官方天文曆算發展與欽天監疇人世家
(2016-01-15)
張秉瑩
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
.在政權交替與西洋曆法的衝擊下，明清皇室欽天監內從事曆算工作的疇人家族必須求生與適應。 .清初嶄露頭角的何氏疇人家族，在康熙晚年因編纂算書更上層樓，卻因傳教士引入新曆法在雍正後半期失寵，雖曾於乾隆初期再起，卻因無競爭對手而怠惰，最終被趕出欽天監。 .重視天象與曆算的清初諸帝，也藉此平衡與操縱傳教士與疇人世家兩大勢力，但此後皇帝不再重視、歐洲耶穌會失勢、西方帝國勢力東漸、官僚體制僵化，欽天監慢慢沒落，也反映了清帝國的命運。
Skeletally Diverse Synthesis of Indole-Fused Diazocine and Diazepine Frameworks by One-Pot, Two-Component Cascade Reaction
(2016-01-15)
Thikekar, Tushar Ulhas
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Selvaraju, Manikandan
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Sun, Chung-Ming
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應用化學系
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Department of Applied Chemistry
An expeditious and novel strategy has been explored for the synthesis of structurally diverse indole-fused diazocine and diazepine derivatives. A substrate-based diversification approach of methyl-3-aminoindole/indoline benzoates coupled with the Pictet-Spengler reaction and three different reaction cascades furnished indolodiazepine and indoloquinoxalines. The formation of indolodiazocines proceeds through an initial condensation followed by intramolecular alkylation.
Tricyclohexylphosphine-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Enynoates with [60]Fullerene and the Application of Cyclopentenofullerenes as n-Type Materials in Organic Photovoltaics
(2016-01-15)
Wu, An-Ju
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Tseng, Po-Yen
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Hsu, Wei-Hsin
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Chuang, Shih-Ching
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應用化學系
The tricyclohexylphosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of (E)-alkyl 5-substituted phenylpent-4-en-2-ynoates with [60]fullerene was studied. This reaction undergoes an initial 1,3-addition of phosphines toward the alpha-carbons of enynoates. Subsequent cycloaddition of the generated 1,3-dipoles with [60]fullerene and elimination of tricyclohexylphosphines resulted in cyclopentenofullerenes in 2043% yields. The isolated cyclopentenofullerenes were observed to serve as n-type materials in organic photovoltaics, providing a maximum average power conversion efficiency of 3.79 +/- 0.29% upon embedding with P3HT in the active layer.
江戶日本的一場數學論戰最上流會田安明 vs. 關流集團
(2016-01-15)
黃俊瑋
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
上述這些史實被日本兒童文學作家遠藤寬子吸收，融入她的數學小說 / 歷史小說《算法少女》之情節。她藉由算學少女千葉章（當年11歲的真實人物）的見證，對於這一段歷史的片段，有著相當溫暖貼心的敘事，非常值得參閱，尤其是青少年讀者。事實上，這本小說也是認識和算的極佳切入點。
由考古發現看中國古代數學的演化（上）從《數》、《筭數書》到《九章算術》
(2016-01-15)
道本周 Joseph W. Dauben
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林倉億
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
.近期中國的考古發掘，獲得許多前所未見的數學文本，其中尤以《筭數書》和《數》為著。 .由《數》的「圓材埋地」問題，連結到《九章算術》的「圓材埋壁」與「葭生池中」問題，並討論劉徽的論證。 .同樣的開方問題，在《筭數書》只是近似值，但《九章算術》的劉徽注已提供開方術的算則。
20160115第七期目錄
(2016-01-15)
編輯室
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
編輯曲線數理簡訊 [專題] 由考古發現看中國古代數學的演化（上）帝國縮影越南數學史文本概述江戶日本的一場數學論戰 [數] 數學之美三角剖分猜想錯了 [理] STEM 時代的數學觸角（上） [人] 女數學家之旅 [文] 中世紀漢語佛教徒如何瞭解來自印度的知識論
STEM 時代的數學觸角（上）從 18 項個案看數學在產業、科技、商業、醫學各方向的廣大應用
(2016-01-15)
美國工業與應用數學會（SIAM）
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中華民國數學會與臺灣工業與應用數學會
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
在本文中，我們給出一個廣泛但不盡全面的，關於數學商業應用的綜覽。對於想要認識數學怎麼在「真實世界」應用的學生，我們希望以下18項個案研究可以提供一些答案。多數的個案都是實地訪查後才得知的，輔以已出版的文件作參考。
Femtosecond laser ablation of copper at high laser fluence: Modeling and experimental comparison
(2016-01-15)
Cheng, C. W.
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Wang, S. Y.
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Chang, K. P.
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Chen, J. K.
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機械工程學系
Thermal ablation of a copper foil surface by a single femtosecond laser pulse of duration 120 fs and wavelength 800 nm was investigated herein both theoretically and experimentally. A 1D two-temperature model with temperature-dependent material properties was considered, including the extended Drude model for dynamic optical properties. The rapid phase change and phase explosion models were incorporated to simulate the material ablation process. The simulated ablation depths agree well with the experimental measurements for the high laser fluence regime ranging from 6.1 to 63.4 j/cm(2). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
中世紀漢語佛教徒如何瞭解來自印度的知識論
(2016-01-15)
林鎮國
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
.想從跨文化的角度，理解印度佛教邏輯和知識論如何影響中國，必須重視中世紀中國人初次接觸異質哲學系統的「前理解」。 .在討論漢人對佛教知識論的容受時，可以分成神學、形上學、修證次第三個面向來考察。 .中世紀漢傳佛教徒表現出更多的實修興趣，而非論證興趣，和後來玄奘學派大有不同。 .宗教派別之爭促使因明、量論的蓬勃發展，但中國則以判教來解決哲學衝突。判教與因明是區分中國佛教和印度佛教的根本標記。
越南數學史文本概述兼及中越數學交流
(2016-01-15)
琅元 Alexei Volkov
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廖傑成
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
本論文的目標是針對現存的越南數學文本提供簡短的描述。這些描述基本上是根據[Volkov 2016a]，並增加少許的新內容。
三角剖分猜想錯了有些高維空間無法被分割
(2016-01-15)
哈奈特 Kevin Hartnett
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尹恩
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
齊普里安．馬諾列斯庫（Ciprian Manolescu）記得第一次聽到三角剖分猜想，是 21 世紀初自己還在哈佛大學當研究生的時期。雖然馬諾列斯庫在剛進入哈佛讀大學時就被視為傑出學生（他的與眾不同是因為他是有史以來唯一一位連續三年在國際數學奧林匹亞競賽奪得滿分的選手），但是試圖證明世紀猜想仍然不是明智的博士生該選擇的那種論文計畫，於是馬諾列斯庫另外探討了弗洛爾同調理論（Floer homology）的主題，寫了一篇廣受推崇的博士論文。他的職業生涯中的第一個十年投入大量時間研究這個主題，並沒有花太多心思在三角剖分猜想上。他在最近的一封電子郵件中提到：「這聽起來是個難以著手的問題，所以我也沒有太注意它。」
Fluorescence enhancement and multiple protein detection in ZnO nanostructure microfluidic devices
(2016-01-15)
Sang, Chen-Hsiang
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Chou, Shu-Jen
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Pan, F. M.
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Sheu, Jeng-Tzong
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材料科學與工程學系
In this study, different morphological ZnO nanostructures, those of sharp nanowires (NWs), rod NWs, and hexahedral-puncheon nanostructures, were grown in microfluidic channels on the same glass substrate. Characterizations of correspondent biomolecule binding properties were simulated and demonstrated. The surface was modified using 3-ammineopropyl-triethoxysilane (3-APTES) and biotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS-biotin). Different concentrations (4.17 pM to 41.7 nM) of dye-conjugated streptavidin were simultaneously infused through the second microfluidic channels, which lie 90 degrees from the first microfluidic channels. The florescent intensity at the crossover areas showed good agreement with simulations, with sharp ZnO NWs exhibiting the largest dynamic range and the highest fluorescent intensity. We further characterize correspondent protein detection using sharp ZnO NWs. The surfaces of these ZnO NWs were modified with mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG), infused through the second microfluidic channels with dye-conjugated (Alexa 546) anti-mouse IgG in different concentrations. Concentrations ranging from 417 fM to 41.7 nM can be resolved using sharp ZnO NWs. Finally, multiple protein detection was demonstrated using a five-by-eight microfluidic channel array. Fluorescence images present clear multiple detections at the crossover areas when using the sharp ZnO NWs for simultaneous dye-conjugated anti-mouse IgG and dye-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa 647) detection. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
編輯曲線太平洋西的數學故事
(2016-01-15)
編輯室
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Shing-Tung Yau Center
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丘成桐中心
費爾茲獎得主曼弗德（D. Mumford）的部落格，有著數學和人文交匯的思考。我們選譯他最近與阿提雅實驗對話的〈數學之美〉，以深厚的數學體驗深入討論這個誘人卻困難的話題。數學有什麼用？出自 SIAM 的〈STEM 時代的數學觸角〉用 18 項個案告訴我們，當臺灣還鎮日爭論要不要學好數學的時候，數學早已滲透到我們日常生活的周遭，以及，你的未來。