Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2017-12-11"

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Transparent electrode design for AlGaN deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
(2017-12-11)
Hrong, Ray-Hua
;
Zeng, Yu-Yuan
;
Wang, Wei-Kai
;
Tsai, Chia-Lung
;
Fu, Yi-Keng
Zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4; ZGO) thin films were employed as the p-type transparent contact layer in deep-ultraviolet AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to increase light output power. The transmittance of 200-nm-thick ZGO in deep-ultraviolet wavelength (280 nm) was as high as 92.3%. Two different ohmic contact structures, a dot-LED (D-LED; ZGO/dot-ITO/LED) and whole-LED (W-LED; ZGO/ITO/LED), exhibited improved light output power and current spreading compared to a conventional ITO-LED (C-LED). At an injection current of 20 mA, the D-LED and W-LED exhibited 33.7% and 12.3% enhancements in light output power, respectively, compared to the C-LED. The enhanced light output power of the D-LED can be attributed to an improvement in current spreading and enhanced light-extracting efficiency achieved by introducing ZGO/dot-ITO. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Selenophene-Incorporated Quaterchalcogenophene-Based Donor-Acceptor Copolymers To Achieve Efficient Solar Cells with J(sc) Exceeding 20 mA/cm(2)
(2017-12-12)
Cao, Fong-Yi
;
Tseng, Cheng-Chun
;
Lin, Fang-Yu
;
Chen, Yuzhong
;
Yan, He
Three selenophene-incorporated quaterchalcogenophene-based donoracceptor copolymers PFBT2Th2Se, PFBT2Se2Th, and PFBT4Se are designed and synthesized. To systematically fine-tune the molecular properties and investigate the chalcogen effect, PFBT2Th2Se and PFBT2Se2Th hybridize two thiophenes and two selenophenes as the donor with different isomeric main-chain placement while thiophene-free PFBT4Se uses quaterselenophene as the donor. On account of the selenophenes advantageous features such as higher quinoidal population and higher molecular polarizability, the three polymers show good light-harvesting ability, strong intermolecular interactions, high crystallinity, and high charge mobilities. Bulk-heterojunction solar cells incorporating these selenophene-containing polymers have exhibited promising photovoltaic performance with impressive current densities over 20 mA/cm(2). The device with the PFBT2Se2Th:PC71BM blend showed a PCE of 9.02% with a J(sc) of 21.02 mA/cm(2). In addition, the device using quaterselenophene-based PFBT4Se:PC71BM blend exhibited a PCE of 8.92% with a superior J(sc) of 22.63 mA/cm(2) which represents one of the highest current densities from polymer:fullerene-based solar cells reported in the literature.
Physical simulation of aquifer compression due to groundwater fluctuation
(2017-12-14)
Chang, Wen-Jong
;
Chou, Shih-Hsun
;
Huang, An-Bin
;
土木工程學系
;
Department of Civil Engineering
To investigate the compression of granular aquifer induced by fluctuations of pore pressure, series of repeated pore pressure induced loading-unloading tests on specimens made of Ottawa sand mixed with mica were conducted in a K-o-triodal consolidation system. To simulate the stress paths in the field, the vertical displacements of soil specimens were monitored while maintaining a constant total vertical stress and applying sinusoidal fluctuations of pore pressure to specimens under K-o conditions. Shakedown theory is applied to interpret the testing data. The paper describes the laboratory setup, test procedure and findings from the test results. The results reveal that a shakedown behavior existed in saturated granular specimens and the accumulated permanent axial strains are 5 to 56 times of the values for conventional, monotonic loading. The finding evidently proves the significance of aquifer compression to ground subsidence due to repeated ground water fluctuations.
Evolving molecular architectures of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications: from one-dimensional to branched to two-dimensional structures
(2017-12-14)
Su, Yu-Wei
;
Lin, Yu-Che
;
Wei, Kung-Hwa
;
材料科學與工程學系
;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Over the last ten years, the molecular architectures of p-type donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers designed for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaics, when mixed with fullerenes or n-type polymers, have progressed substantially from one-dimensional (1-D) to branched to two-dimensional (2-D) D-A conjugated structures. In the 1-D structures, alternating D and A units allow internal charge transfer along the conjugated backbone and increase the effective resonance length, as a result of facilitated pi-electron delocalization. Upon progressing from 1-D structures to branched D-A conjugated polymers (comprising repeating donor units in the main chain with electron-withdrawing side chain units) to 2-D conjugated polymers (having D-A repeating units on their backbones as well as perpendicular electron-donating groups on their D units), the solubility, effective conjugation length, and photophysical and BHJ photovoltaic properties have all been altered dramatically. The ideal p-type 2-D conjugated D-A polymer for use in BHJ photovoltaic devices should possess a low band gap (to broaden the absorption range), excellent packing characteristics (particularly along the out-of-plane direction, ensuring good carrier transport), and suitable energy levels for efficient electron transfer (to fullerene moieties or n-type polymers). In this review, we discuss the effects of the structural characteristics and optical properties of these conjugated polymers as well as their packing characteristics on the device performances.
Concise synthesis of 2,7-anhydrosialic acid derivatives and its application
(2017-12-14)
Asressu, Kesatebrhan Haile
;
Wang, Cheng-Chung
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
In N-acetylneuraminic acid, apart from O9 and O8, a possible glycosylation site is the O4 position. For example, gangliosides HLG-2 and HPG-7 are considered to be potential lead compounds for carbohydrate-based drug development to treat neural disorders. However, the construction of their alpha(1 -> 4) fucosyl sialic acid and alpha(2 -> 4) linkages between sialic acids is difficult because of the regioselectivity problem. Herein, N-acetyl-2,7-anhydroneuraminic acid was synthesized in three steps from Neu5Ac methyl ester through per-O-trimethylsilylation, heating-assisted intramolecular anomeric protection (iMAP) and desilylation. The iMAP simultaneously circumvents both the 2- and 7-OH protection. Upon protecting the 8- and 9-OH groups as a benzylidene acetal, only 4-OH is free for glycosylation. These 2,7-anhydro-8,9-O-benzylidenesialic acid derivatives were examined as acceptor for an alpha-selective fucosylation to construct the glycosidic linkage of fucosyl alpha(1 -> 4) 2,7-anhydroneuraminic acid. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Influence of Metal-Organic Framework Porosity on Hydrogen Generation from Nanoconfined Ammonia Borane
(2017-12-14)
Chung, Jing-Yang
;
Liao, Chi-Wei
;
Chang, Yi-Wei
;
Chang, Bor Kae
;
Wang, Hao
Hydrogen released from chemical hydride ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) can be greatly improved when AB is confined in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), showing reduced decomposition temperature and suppressed unwanted byproducts. However, it is still debatable whether the mechanism of improved AB dehydrogenation is due to catalysis or nanosize. In this research, selected MOF (IRMOF-1, IRMOF-10, UiO-66, UiO-67, and MIL-53(Al)) were chosen to explore both catalytic effect of the metal clusters and the manipulation of pore size for nanoconfinement by variations in ligand length. When AB particle size was restricted by the controlled micropores of MOFs, we observed that the decomposition temperature was not correlated to the MOF catalytic environment, but inversely proportional to the reciprocal of the particle size. The results correspond well with the derived thermodynamic model for AB decomposition considering surface tension of nanoparticles.
Quantum control of coherent pi-electron ring currents in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(2017-12-14)
Mineo, Hirobumi
;
Fujimura, Yuichi
;
應用化學系
;
應用化學系分子科學碩博班
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
We present results for quantum optimal control (QOC) of the coherent pi electron ring currents in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Since PAHs consist of a number of condensed benzene rings, in principle, there exist various coherent ring patterns. These include the ring current localized to a designated benzene ring, the perimeter ring current that flows along the edge of the PAH, and the middle ring current of PAHs having an odd number of benzene rings such as anthracene. In the present QOC treatment, the best target wavefunction for generation of the ring current through a designated path is determined by a Lagrange multiplier method. The target function is integrated into the ordinary QOC theory. To demonstrate the applicability of the QOC procedure, we took naphthalene and anthracene as the simplest examples of linear PAHs. The mechanisms of ring current generation were clarified by analyzing the temporal evolutions of the electronic excited states after coherent excitation by UV pulses or (UV+IR) pulses as well as those of electric fields of the optimal laser pulses. Time-dependent simulations of the perimeter ring current and middle ring current of anthracene, which are induced by analytical electric fields of UV pulsed lasers, were performed to reproduce the QOC results. Published by AIP Publishing.
美國專利紛爭解決之關鍵性變革──論美國專利複審程序的結構功能分析與實施成效
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2017-12-15)
陳在方
;
Tsai-Fang Chen
美國發明法的設計，反映出美國專利法制對於專利權與公眾利益間平衡點之重新思索。美國發明法下之專利複審制度，提供具備高度效率的專利再審查平台，平衡專利權人與潛在被控侵權人間之攻防武器，對於美國專利制度之運作影響極大。本文係針對複審程序設計架構與程序性質之特點深入研究。複審程序主要係以靜態之三層次架構以及動態的兩階段審理結構所組成。架構上，係由不同性質與類型之專利，設計出核准後複審（Post-Grant Review, PGR）、多方複審（Inter Partes Review, IPR）、商業方法過渡期複審（Covered Business Method Patent Review, CBMR）之三層次程序架構。在此三層次架構之中，各個程序之進行採取兩階段的審理結構，亦即每個層次均包括立案申請與本案審判等兩階段。複審制度結構功能之設計，大幅引進典型司法審判程序之程序元素，與行政程序之程序元素重組交錯適用後，達到特殊的制度功能，兼採審判程序與行政程序的優點，以達到平衡專利權利與公眾利益的目的。複審程序的結構元素的設計，係此一制度得以達到其制度目的之重要關鍵。本文並為檢視複審制度實施至今的運作情況是否反映其制度功能，利用Lex Machina 專利訴訟資料庫的實證數據，針對複審程序至今的發展狀態加以分析，為專利審判及上訴委員會（Patent Trial and Appeal Board, PTAB）前4 年5 個月的審判活動提供具體的審視。
High mobility transparent conductive Al-doped ZnO thin films by atomic layer deposition
(2017-12-15)
Lin, Man-Ling
;
Huang, Jheng-Ming
;
Ku, Ching-Shun
;
Lin, Chih-Ming
;
Lee, Hsin-Yi
The effects of growth temperature on the microstructure, transport and optoelectronic properties of a series of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films with thickness of similar to 30 nm deposited on polished silicon-(100) and glass substrates by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) were investigated. By adopting an in-situ doping growth scheme the critical length effect associated with adjacent Al2O3 layers commonly encountered in previous ALD growth schemes was avoided and effective Al-doping was achieved with the growth temperature ranging from 100 degrees C to 300 degrees C. Experimental results showed that, in general, increasing the growth temperature would result in much improved film crystallinity and carrier mobility, with the average transmittance in the visible wavelength range being exceeding 95% in all cases. In particular, for AZO films grown at 300 degrees C, an unprecedented mobility of 136 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) was obtained, comparing to the typical values of 50-60 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) reported previously. The resistivity of these 300 degrees C films (rho approximate to 6 x 10(-4) Omega-cm), nevertheless, is slightly higher than that of some highly-doped ZnO (rho approximate to 2 -4 x 10(-4) Omega-cm) prepared by sputtering methods. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analyses revealed that hydrogen incorporation is the key in reducing the charge trap density and, hence, resulting in much enhanced carrier mobility. The present results promise a keen competitiveness of AZO with the indium tin oxide (ITO) film for thin-film-transistor (TFT) as well as in photovoltaic device applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
控制權溢價之意涵及其歸屬
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2017-12-15)
黃朝琮
;
Chao-Tsung Huang
本文觀察美國法上所討論之控制權溢價的內涵，認為可以將之解析為綜效價值、徵用價值及純粹控制價值三者。除公開收購的場合，控制權溢價在美國法上原則歸屬於控制權人，但允許其將之與少數股東分享，並透過受託義務審查及股份收買請求權等機制，使少數股東有機會分享控制權溢價。換言之，控制權溢價之歸屬並非只有一個答案，其分配亦非全有全無。我國關於控制權溢價的概念係在股份收買請求權的脈絡中展開，其中定義雖屬完整，然未完整架構控制權溢價歸屬之完整體系，且有以全有全無方式，作單一配置的傾向，本文觀察相關學說實務見解，試圖提出控制權溢價歸屬的整體架構。
美國專利懲罰性賠償解析──以2016年聯邦最高法院 Halo Electronics Inc. v. Pulse Electronics Inc.為中心
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2017-12-15)
呂柔慧
;
Jou-Hui Lu
懲罰性賠償，意指於填補權利人損害外，由法院再行提高侵權人之損害賠償數額。於大陸法系國家，由於傳統認為有損害斯有賠償，對於英美法系懲罰性賠償之概念尚無法完全接受，因此，導致我國專利法懲罰性賠償於2011 年至2013 年間反覆立法，實務在操作上也尚未臻成熟階段。反觀美國專利法制，懲罰性賠償之發展已將近有兩個世紀之久，雖於法條上不同於我國明定以侵權人「故意」為適用前提，實務上仍發展出以侵權人「蓄意」（willful）為要件，美國聯邦最高法院並於2016 年做出Halo Electronics Inc.v. Pulse Electronics Inc. 案，推翻適用將近10 年的In re Seagate Technology,LLC 案之兩階段測試法，重新提出「蓄意」之認定標準。本文即以上開判決為中心，詳述美國專利懲罰性賠償之發展歷程，以及本案可能帶來之影響，最後，以美國法為借鏡，提出我國專利懲罰性賠償之設立有其正當性，但不應以填補損害為主要目的，實務對於相關酌定標準之運作仍有待未來持續發展；另外，我國廠商對於美國此項最新發展亦不能不注意，以避免遭法院認定為「蓄意」，而同負懲罰性賠償之連帶責任。
Spontaneous luminescence color change in the firefly luciferase assay system
(2017-12-15)
Liu, Pei-Han
;
Urban, Pawel L.
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
The temporal effects of luciferase reaction luminescence have only been discussed in the context of light intensity (flash vs. glow). However, alterations in the color of the light emitted over the course of the luciferase reaction have not been reported. Here, we show a temporal change in the light color emitted during the reaction catalyzed by unmodified firefly luciferase when concentrations of one of the substrates, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are gradually increased. The temporal color change from green to red occurs within the first few minutes of the luciferase reaction when an ATP-containing solution is either added or synthesized in situ with the aid of an autocatalytic reaction occurring simultaneously. This color change is not accompanied by pH changes. An analysis of the red and green channels demonstrates dissimilar kinetics, suggesting the co-existence of two or more temporally shifted luminescence pathways. The implications of these findings might improve dual-color biosensing/imaging protocols and influence the engineering of biophotonic systems.
Exploring the self-mode locking of the 2 mu m Tm:YAG laser with suppression of the self-pulsing dynamic
(2017-12-15)
Cho, Chun Yu
;
Chen, Yung Fu
;
Zhang, Ge
;
Chen, Wei Dong
;
Liang, Hsing Chih
A continuous-wave (cw) self-mode-locked Tm:YAG laser at 2015 nm is successfully demonstrated by suppressing the self-pulsing behavior. By using rate equations to simulate the laser temporal dynamic, the theoretical analysis indicates that the reabsorption-induced self-pulsing for the Tm: YAG laser can be suppressed with sufficient pump power. It is experimentally confirmed that at absorbed powers higher than 6 W, the self-pulsing can be eliminated and a cw self-mode-locked pulse is generated instead of the Q-switched mode locking. At an absorbed power of 6.8 W, the output power of the self-mode-locked Tm: YAG laser reaches 1.22 W with corresponding pulse duration of 3 ps and a repetition rate of 3.376 GHz. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America
A facile method to prepare "green" nano-phosphors with a large Stokes-shift and solid-state enhanced photophysical properties based on surface-modified gold nanoclusters
(2017-12-15)
Cheng, C. H.
;
Huang, H. Y.
;
Talite, M. J.
;
Chou, W. C.
;
Yeh, J. M.
Colloidal nano-materials, such as quantum dots (QDs) have been applied to light-conversion nano phosphors due to their unique tunable emission. However, most of the QDs involve toxic elements and are synthesized in a hazardous solvent. In addition, conventional QD nano-phosphors with a small Stokes shift suffered from reabsorption losses and aggregation-induced quenching in the solid state. Here, we demonstrate a facile, matrix-free method to prepare eco-friendly nano-phosphors with a large Stokes shift based on aqueous thiolate-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) with simple surface modifications. Our method is just to drop GSH-AuNCs solution on the aluminum foil and then surface modified AuNCs (Al-GSH-AuNCs) can be spontaneously precipitated out of the aqueous solution. Compared with pristine GSH-AuNCs in solution, the Al-GSH-AuNCs exhibit enhanced solid-state PL quantum yields, lengthened PL lifetime, and spectral blue shift, which can be attributed to the aggregation induced emission enhancement facilitated by surface modifications. Such surface-treatment induced aggregation of AuNCs can restrict the surface-ligand motion, leading to the enhancement of PL properties in the solid state. In addition, the Al-GSH-AuNCs nano-phosphors with a large Stokes shift can mitigate the aggregation-induced PL quenching and reabsorption losses, which would be potential candidates for "green" nano-phosphors. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
著作權法追及權之研究
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2017-12-15)
許炳華
;
Pin-Hua Hsu
追及權首度於1920 年為法國所法制化，斯時起，法國之視覺藝術家有權由其作品再銷售之過程要求獲得增值分享權利金，追及權雖時常被描繪為財產權利，然精確言之，應界定其為人格權與著作人權利之混合，因為其同時源自於不可移轉之源權及參與未來經濟性利用著作之權利，在將近一世紀後，追及權已在全球81 個國家實施，並為伯恩公約第14 條明文化，而融合至歐盟之層級。功能健全之著作權法必須提供著作人豐沛之支持，畢竟著作人應該是著作權體系首要之受益者，促進所有人珍視文化、強化對於創作者本身之尊重、藉由藝術之過程及實現來擴展參與，殆屬國際著作權規範之任務，從理論面觀之，追及權確然成為爭議性之議題，然在國際現實下，未來追及權之國際條約將成為下一階段之挑戰。
對「行賄外國公務員罪」之檢視與修正建議──以日本之立法經驗為借鏡
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2017-12-15)
張天一
;
Tien-Yi Chang
貪污治罪條例第11 條第三項為「行賄外國公務員罪」之規定，其目的在於防止我國人民或企業為在國際貿易上取得優勢地位或利益，而對外國公務員行賄，以杜絕商業賄賂行為。但該規定自2003 年制定後，經歷15 年的時間，卻幾無遭到追訴的案例，究竟是法律制定上發生問題，或是執行上有所困難，值得深入探討。而日本於1997 年簽署經濟合作暨發展組織的「禁止在國際貿易中行賄外國公務員公約」後，為了履行相關義務，而於1998 年在不正競爭防止法中增訂了「對外國公務員贈賄罪」，其後，為了配合經濟合作暨發展組織的檢查，對於該罪及相關規定又進行多次的修正。而日本在立法、修法及執行過程中所遭遇到的相關問題，以及所提出之因應對策，應有值得我國借鏡之處。因此，本文透過對日本「對外國公務員贈賄罪」的介紹，進而檢視我國「行賄外國公務員罪」所存在之問題，並嘗試提出解決方案，期望在提升我國貿易競爭力與履行國際義務間，能尋得適當的平衡點。
相位雜訊量測電路
(2017-12-16)
陳巍仁
;
郭柏毅
一種相位雜訊量測電路，其是利用數位相位轉換器產生N個相位時脈訊號，並選擇N個相位時脈訊號其中之一，與待量測之一震盪訊號相比較，再透過積分器與比較器之處理，以產生一相位雜訊訊號。其中N個相位時脈訊號彼此間具有相同之頻率但不同之相位，而相位雜訊訊號為震盪訊號中相位雜訊經量化後之一數位訊號，且數位訊號包含雜訊頻譜成分以及雜訊功率大小，以供後續量測。
中高溫捕碳劑及其製造方法
(2017-12-16)
陳三元
;
林杰燕
;
張博學
;
徐華珮
本發明提供一種捕碳劑，包括由75~97mol%的鈣、1.5~12.5mol%的鎂以及0.5~12.5mol%的鋁的材料所構成之一金屬有機骨架(Metal-organic Framework；MOF)。
立體顯示屏幕以及立體顯示系統
(2017-12-16)
陳政寰
一種立體顯示屏幕包含一基材以及一視差產生器。基材包含多個陣列排列之光學區域。每一光學區域包含至少一成像區域以及一透明區域，其中每一成像區域包含一左眼影像子區域以及一右眼影像子區域。視差產生器包含多個微結構，其對應設置於每一成像區域之一出光側，以分別導引來自左眼影像子區域以及右眼影像子區域之光線至一觀看者之左眼位置以及右眼位置。上述立體顯示屏幕可讓觀看者在觀看立體影像時，亦可經由透明區域觀看立體顯示屏幕相對側之環境背景。同時亦揭露一種包含上述立體顯示屏幕之立體顯示系統。
上天入地　霧運算銜接雲到物
(2017-12-17)
范晨星
;
Department of Communication and Technology
;
傳播與科技學系
因應IoT、5G和AI等資料密集應用需求，霧運算的出現補足了既有系統的不足，達到商業化的服務目的。