Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-09-12"

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Using Magnetic Ions to Probe and Induce Magnetism of Pyrophosphates, Bacteria, and Mammalian Cells
(2018-09-12)
Wei, Jia-Lin
;
Chen, Yu-Chie
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
Magnetic isolation using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as trapping probes have been widely used in sample pretreatment to shorten analysis time. Nevertheless, to generate MNPs is time-consuming. Furthermore, the generated MNPs have to be further functionalized to gain the capability of recognizing their target species. Thus, an alternative approach that can impose magnetism to nonmagnetic species by simply using magnetic ions as the probes is developed in this study. That is, we employ magnetic ions (Fe3+, Co2+, and Ni2+) that can interact with nonmagnetic species containing oxygen-containing functional groups as the probes. Pyrophosphate (PPi), bacteria, and mammalian cells were selected as the model samples. Our results show that the as-prepared magnetic ion PPi conjugates gain sufficient magnetism and can be readily aggregated by applying an external magnetic field. Moreover, the magnetic trapping is reversible. The PPi-containing conjugates can lose their magnetic property simply using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or aluminum ions as competing agents to remove or to replace, respectively, the conjugated magnetic ions. In addition, bacteria and mammalian cells that possess abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on their cell surfaces can be selectively probed by magnetic ions and gain sufficient magnetism for magnetic isolation from complex serum samples.
Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Films with Au and MoOx Nanoparticles as Efficient p-Contact Electrodes for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
(2018-09-12)
Bhosale, Sumit S.
;
Jokar, Efat
;
Fathi, Amir
;
Tsai, Cheng-Min
;
Wang, Chi-Yung
A graphene oxide (GO) film is functionalized with metal (Au) and metal-oxide (MoOx) nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole-extraction layer for high-performance inverted planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These NPs can increase the work function of GO, which is confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectra, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra measurements. The down-shifts of work functions lead to a decreased level of potential energy and hence increased V-oc of the PSC devices. Although the GO-AuNP film shows rapid hole extraction and increased V-oc, a J(sc) improvement is not observed because of localization of the extracted holes inside the AuNP that leads to rapid charge recombination, which is confirmed with transient photoelectric measurements. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the GO-AuNP device attains 14.6%, which is comparable with that of the GO-based device (14.4%). In contrast, the rapid hole extraction from perovskite to the GO-MoOx layer does not cause trapping of holes and delocalization of holes in the GO film accelerates rapid charge transfer to the indium tin oxide substrate; charge recombination in the perovskite/GO-MoOx interface is hence significantly retarded. The GO-MoOx device consequently shows significantly enhanced V-oc and J(sc), for which its device performance attains PCE of 16.7% with great reproducibility and enduring stability.
Long-reach 60-GHz MMWoF link with free-running laser diodes beating
(2018-09-12)
Tsai, Cheng-Ting
;
Li, Chien-Cheng
;
Lin, Chi-Hsiang
;
Lin, Chun-Ting
;
Chi, Sien
With the remote beating of two mutually incoherent laser carriers, the local-oscillator-free long-reach millimeter-wave over fiber (MMWoF) link at 60-GHz band is demonstrated. The unique schemes of the proposed MMWoF are the wavelength-locked colorless laser diode (CLD) modulator, the mutually incoherent optical carrier for heterodyne MMW generation, and the square-law power envelope detection at receiving end. By directly encoding the single-mode with the CLD modulator, the singlecarrier modulated QAM-OFDM data is achieved to release the RF power fading after fiber transmission. The mutually incoherent laser beating enables the optical heterodyne MMW generation with two independent optical carriers, which provides the advantages of local-oscillator-free operation and rules out the requirement of dual-mode optical carrier delivery from central office. At the wireless receiving end, the received QAM-OFDM data is self-down-converted to the baseband by employing the square-law power envelope detection. This eliminates the requirement of local oscillator and rules out the influence of the MMW carrier frequency fluctuation between two mutually incoherent lasers (used at central office and remote node), which effectively provides the MMW carrier immunity against the down-conversion instability caused by clock jitter or carrier incoherence. This architecture ensures the transmission of 16.5-Gbit/s 32-QAM OFDM data over 50 km in SMF and 3 m in free-space with the FEC certificated error vector magnitude of 12%, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 18.4 dB, and bit error rate of 3.8 x 10(-3). For multi-channel DWDM-PON applications, the proposed local-oscillator-free MMWoF link can successfully perform 11 DWDM channels of 32-QAM OFDM data access at 16.5 Gbit/s per channel via the wavelength controlling of the CLD modulation stage and the detuning of the beating carrier at remote node.
Transparent Antiradiative Ferroelectric Heterostructure Based on Flexible Oxide Heteroepitaxy
(2018-09-12)
Ma, Chun-Hao
;
Jiang, Jie
;
Shao, Pao-Wen
;
Peng, Qiang-Xiang
;
Huang, Chun-Wei
In the era of Internet of Things, the demand for flexible and transparent electronic devices has shifted to the forefront of materials science research. However, the radiation damage to key performance of transparent devices under radiative environment remains as a critical issue. Here, we present a promising technology for nonvolatile transparent electronic devices based on flexible oxide heteroepitaxy. A direct fabrication of epitaxial lead lanthanum zirconate titanate on transparent flexible mica substrate with indium tin oxide electrodes is presented. The transparent flexible ferroelectric heterostructures not only retain their superior performance, thermal stability, reliability, and mechanical durability, but also exhibit remarkably robust properties against to a strong radiation exposure. Our study demonstrates an extraordinary concept to realize transparent flexible nonvolatile electronic devices for the design and development of next-generation smart devices with potential application in electronics, automotive, aerospace, and nuclear systems.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING DATA ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER LIMB ACTIVITY
(2018-09-13)
Bing-Shiang YANG
;
Yu-Tang WEN
A method includes steps of: measuring a variation in joint angle of a knee of a cyclist to obtain joint angle data; sensing a torque applied on a crank of a cycle or pedaling force applied to a pedal of the cycle to obtain force data; measuring an angular position of the crank to obtain crank angle data; measuring an electrical potential variation of a measured muscle of the cyclist to generate a measured EMG signal; estimating activation data and joint moment data based on aforementioned data and characteristics data; converting the activation data into estimated EMG signals based on the measured EMG signal and the activation data; and computing a coactivation parameter based on the aforementioned EMG signals.
DISPLAY SYSTEM
(2018-09-13)
Hung-Shan CHEN
;
Yi-Hsin LIN
An optical system for aberration compensation comprising an optical module and an asymmetric refractive index distribution film is disclosed. The asymmetric refractive index distribution film comprises a liquid crystal and a liquid crystalline polymer, wherein the asymmetric refractive index distribution film set on an out-light surface or an in-light surface of the optical module. A display system comprising the above-mentioned optical system and an image panel are also disclosed herein. The asymmetric refractive index distribution film of the present invention has non-uniform refractive index distribution so as to effectively compensate the aberration formed by the optical module.
Impact of intrinsic amorphous silicon bilayers in silicon heterojunction solar cells
(2018-09-14)
Sai, Hitoshi
;
Chen, Po-Wei
;
Hsu, Hung-Jung
;
Matsui, Takuya
;
Nunomura, Shota
The impact of intrinsic amorphous silicon bilayers in amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/ c-Si) heterojunction solar cells is investigated. The microstructure factor R* of the interfacial a-Si: H layer, which is related to the Si-H bond microstructure and determined by infrared absorption spectroscopy, is controlled in a wide range by varying the growth pressure and the power density in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. Surface passivation at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface is significantly improved by using an intrinsic a-Si:H bilayer, i.e., a stack of an interfacial layer with a large R* and an additional dense layer, particularly after the deposition of an overlying p-type a-Si:H layer. Consequently, the conversion efficiency of a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells is markedly increased. However, it is also revealed that such an interfacial layer causes some negative effects including the increase in the series resistance and the current loss at the front side, depending on the growth condition. This result indicates that the interfacial layer has a significant impact on both the majority and the minority carrier transport. Thus, R* of the interfacial layer is an important parameter for obtaining good surface passivation at the a-Si/c-Si interface, but not the sole parameter determining the conversion efficiency of a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells. Published by AIP Publishing.
Two-dimensional pulse dynamics and the formation of bound states on electrified falling films
(2018-09-14)
Blyth, M. G.
;
Tseluiko, D.
;
Lin, T-S
;
Kalliadasis, S.
;
應用數學系
The flow of an electrified liquid film down an inclined plane wall is investigated with the focus on coherent structures in the form of travelling waves on the film surface, in particular, single-hump solitary pulses and their interactions. The flow structures are analysed first using a long-wave model, which is valid in the presence of weak inertia, and second using the Stokes equations. For obtuse angles, gravity is destabilising and solitary pulses exist even in the absence of an electric field. For acute angles, spatially non-uniform solutions exist only beyond a critical value of the electric field strength; moreover, solitary-pulse solutions are present only at sufficiently high supercritical electric-field strengths. The electric field increases the amplitude of the pulses, can generate recirculation zones in the humps and alters the far-field decay of the pulse tails from exponential to algebraic with a significant impact on pulse interactions. A weak-interaction theory predicts an infinite sequence of bound-state solutions for non-electrified flow, and a finite set for electrified flow. The existence of single-hump pulse solutions and two-pulse bound states is confirmed for the Stokes equations via boundary-element computations. In addition, the electric field is shown to trigger a switch from absolute to convective instability, thereby regularising the dynamics, and this is confirmed by time-dependent simulations of the long-wave model.
Observing phase transformation in CVD-grown MoS2 via atomic resolution TEM
(2018-09-14)
Tai, Kuo-Lun
;
Huang, Guan-Min
;
Huang, Chun-Wei
;
Tsai, Tsung-Chun
;
Lee, Shih-Kuang
We utilized in situ transmission electron microscopy to observe phase transformation in CVD-grown MoS2. Significantly, the reaction was performed under electron irradiation through appropriate control of the electron dose and exposure time. Moreover, we proposed a new route between the 2H and 1T phases that involved the higher energy states TS1/TS2.
The study of pixelated sampling and its influences on the 2nd-order spatial coherence measurement
(2018-09-15)
Li, Jie-En
;
Tien, Chung-Hao
;
光電工程學系
;
Department of Photonics
Since the measurement of spatial coherence requires multiple sampling to acquire the complex coherence factor of a wavefield, it is convenient to accomplish such dynamic work by a non-redundant multi-slit through a programmable device such as spatial light modulator (SLM). In this study, we examined the influence of SLM-like pixelated structure, parameterized by whose fill factor, on both intensity distribution (first-order statistics) and complex coherence factor (second-order statistics). Based on the generalized Van Cittert-Zernike theorem that as the source satisfied the quasi-homogeneous condition, the coherence factor of the wavefield was irrelevant to the pixelated sampling structure. The inference was validated by a SLM-based experiment from a pseudothermal light source. We expected this work to be useful for future dynamic coherence measurement.
Formation of gradient Ga distribution in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin-film solar cells prepared by (InGa)(2)Se-3/CuInGaSe2 stacking structure followed by Se-Vapor selenization
(2018-09-15)
Lin, Yu-Pin
;
Hsieh, Tsung-Eong
;
Chen, Yen-Chih
;
Huang, Kun-Ping
;
材料科學與工程學系
Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) light absorption layers with gradient Ga distribution were prepared by utilizing the sequential deposition of (InGa)(2)Se-3 (IGS) and CIGS layers. The IGS buffer layers were deposited on Mo/soda lime glass substrate at various working pressures (WP = 1, 10 and 30 mtorr) followed by the deposition of CIGS layers. Afterward, the microstructures and compositions of CIGS layers formed by the selenization of CIGS/IGS stacking layers in Se vapor ambient at 560 degrees C for 1 h were investigated. The CIGS layer with the optimized microstructure and transport properties was then implanted in the thin-film solar cells and the device with the best conversion efficiency of 8.22 +/- 0.0754% was achieved. The satisfactory solar cell performance was ascribed to the insertion of IGS layer which remedies the deficiency of In, Ga and Se elements and forms the gradient Ga distribution in CIGS layer as revealed by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy.
Sex-specific activation of SK current by isoproterenol facilitates action potential triangulation and arrhythmogenesis in rabbit ventricles
(2018-09-15)
Chen, Mu
;
Yin, Dechun
;
Guo, Shuai
;
Xu, Dong-Zhu
;
Wang, Zhuo
Sex has a large influence on cardiac electrophysiological properties. Whether sex differences exist in apamin-sensitive small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) current (I-KAS) remains unknown. We performed optical mapping, transmembrane potential, patch clamp, western blot and immunostaining in 62 normal rabbit ventricles, including 32 females and 30 males. I-KAS blockade by apamin only minimally prolonged action potential (AP) duration (APD) in the basal condition for both sexes, but significantly prolonged APD in the presence of isoproterenol in females. Apamin prolonged APD at the level of 25% repolarization (APD(25)) more prominently than APD at the level of 80% repolarization (APD(80)), consequently reversing isoproterenol-induced AP triangulation in females. In comparison, apamin prolonged APD to a significantly lesser extent in males and failed to restore the AP plateau during isoproterenol infusion. I-KAS in males did not respond to the L-type calcium current agonist BayK8644, but was amplified by the casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole. In addition, whole-cell outward I-KAS densities in ventricular cardiomyocytes were significantly larger in females than in males. SK channel subtype 2 (SK2) protein expression was higher and the CK2/SK2 ratio was lower in females than in males. I-KAS activation in females induced negative intracellular Ca2+-voltage coupling, promoted electromechanically discordant phase 2 repolarization alternans and facilitated ventricular fibrillation (VF). Apamin eliminated the negative Ca2+-voltage coupling, attenuated alternans and reduced VF inducibility, phase singularities and dominant frequencies in females, but not in males. We conclude that beta-adrenergic stimulation activates ventricular I-KAS in females to a much greater extent than in males. I-KAS activation plays an important role in ventricular arrhythmogenesis in females during sympathetic stimulation.
美國與臺灣專利民事侵權訴訟爭點效之發展與爭議──兼論臺灣專利無效雙軌制之困境
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2018-09-15)
楊智傑
;
Chih-Chieh Yang
所謂附隨禁反言，又稱為爭點排除效。美國專利侵權訴訟中爭執之專利一旦被判定無效，基於附隨禁反言，該無效判決則產生對世效力。1971 年，美國最高法院就Blonder-Tongue v. University of Illinois Foundation 一案判決，改變過去見解，判決中提及專利權人在一終局並得上訴之判決中被認定無效之專利權人，被禁止再對他人主張專利權。隨後，此一附隨禁反言之適用範圍，從專利無效之認定，擴大到專利侵權及不侵權之認定，以及專利請求項之解釋。本文研究美國法院一系列之判決發展，討論專利訴訟之附隨禁反言之範圍與發展。並藉由美國附隨禁反言之概念，回頭檢討臺灣智慧財產法院之相關運作。臺灣目前問題有二：1.基於司法二元化之結構，民事專利無效判決無法讓該專利真的無效；2.專利權人對上游廠商而法院判決不侵權後，卻轉而對下游廠商提告之問題。本文將比較日本、臺灣、德國、美國之專利無效雙軌制度，並檢討臺灣制度之問題。
論美國食品輸入的「免驗查扣」制度
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2018-09-15)
陳鋕雄
;
Chih-Hsiung Chen
免驗查扣制度目的在於以預警角度，避免美國國內消費者因食用問題食品、藥品而受有損害。該制度能使美國食品藥物監督管理局（Food and Drug Administration, FDA）以快速警示之方式，將問題食品扣留於邊境，以保護美國國內消費者不會購買到問題食品及藥品。該制度雖具快速、經濟之特色，惟其本質上仍有侷限，如無法即時發現問題食品來源，導致無法有效杜絕問題食品的進口；或構成世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）規定的貿易障礙。惟此制度賦予FDA 極大權限，使FDA 無須嚴謹證據，基於進口食品表徵上似有違法即可直接將產品於邊境扣留並禁止進口，可轉移進口國的舉證責任，將政治爭議導入法律程序解決。本文撰寫目的乃為瞭解美國免驗查扣制度之運作，另一方面淺析此制度於實務運作上之問題，並為我國提出更具體、更全面的制度性介紹及建議。故撰文架構將從免驗查扣制度介紹，重要案例探討免驗查扣制度之運作及問題，最後討論該制度在WTO 架構下的爭議。結論中將比較我國現行制度與免驗查扣制度之差異，提出修法建議以消弭食安爭議。
檢察官定位與指令拘束──德國法的視角啟發
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2018-09-15)
許澤天
;
Tze-Tien Hsu
檢察官扮演介於法官與警察之間的法律守護人，不但必須履行客觀義務與遵守法定原則，更須將法價值的實現作為其存在的根本意義，而與一個把法律當作工作制約的行政官有所區別。檢察官在憲法的權力分立意義上屬於行政權，而不在憲法第七章有關「司法」的規範範圍內。因此，憲法第80 條對於從事審判工作的法官，要求須依據法律獨立審判，卻未明文對檢察官做此要求；立法機關更在法院組織法第63 條與第64 條分別規定，檢察總長與檢察長對檢察官的指揮監督權以及職務承繼權與移轉權。不過，在刑事程序的任務上，檢察官與刑事法官皆屬廣義的刑事司法機關，透過彼此的分工與制衡，發現真實，並實現保障人權價值在內的司法正義（司法院大法官釋字第392 號參照）。因此，在追求法律意旨實現的誡命下，司法人員人事條例第3 條將檢察官與法官合稱為「司法官」，實屬妥適。由於檢察官在刑事程序的任務趨近於法官，自須使檢察官猶如法官般地，得以依其確信認事用法。檢察官不同於一般行政公務員，對於上級指令權的限制，亦不能只求不違背法令即可，而須考量到檢察官的司法屬性。據此，檢察首長不應透過指令權強迫檢察官違反自己確信行事，如欲貫徹自己觀點，亦只能行使職務承繼權、職務移轉權，以維持檢察官的司法屬性。
Integrated germanium-on-silicon Franz-Keldysh vector modulator used with a Kramers-Kronig receiver
(2018-09-15)
Tong, Yeyu
;
Zhang, Qiulin
;
Wu, Xinru
;
Chow, Chi-Wai
;
Shu, Chester
We propose an integrated vector modulator based on two compact and high-speed germanium-on-silicon Franz Keldysh electro-absorption modulators. The proposed vector modulator is extremely compact with a total footprint of only 1800 mu m x 200 mu m. We further experimentally demonstrate a 4-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (4-QAM) at 40 Gb/s over a 20-km standard single-mode fiber transmission. The complex signal is successfully reconstructed with a single-ended photodiode in a recently proposed Kramers-Kronig receiver for future low-cost, low-power, and low-footprint datacenter interconnect applications. The preliminary performance of the vector modulator with a 16-QAM is also investigated. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America.
鑑識會計實務中無資力被告專家證人訴訟支援權之研究
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2018-09-15)
邱筱雯
;
Siao-Wun Chiu
本文透過比較法分析，簡介美國法上之專家證人制度與專家證人報酬之給付，並由美國法上標竿案例Ake v. Oklahoma 案談起，探討無資力之被告在刑事訴訟案件中是否具有專家證人訴訟支援權、其權利之範圍，以及在肯認具有專家證人訴訟支援權之前提下，應如何尋找有意願之專家證人及其專家報酬之經費來源。針對我國現行財經刑事訴訟支援之實務運作，本文透過質性訪談研究方法，訪談具有鑑定人經驗之會計教授、會計師，以及財經刑事訴訟律師，透過其等對於實務運作現況之觀察與評析，探討我國於財經刑事訴訟案件中無資力被告聘請鑑定人訴訟支援之需求性、尋求鑑定人之管道、鑑定人報酬之給付與經費來源、應否賦予被告選任鑑定人之權利，以及點出我國刑事訴訟制度中可能存在檢察官裁量權應否擴大、認罪協商制度之落實、法院詰問制度之運作等議題，以就我國現行實務運作現況為呈現，並為我國學術與實務界之參考。
估測騎乘自行車之受測者下肢運動狀態的方法及系統
(2018-09-16)
楊秉祥
;
溫玉瑭
一種估測騎乘自行車之受測者下肢運動狀態的方法，其令受測者連續踩踏自行車一預設時間，以量測受測者下肢關節角度變化而取得一關節角度訊號，並量測自行車曲柄受力產生的一力矩訊號、施加於踏板的一三軸踏力訊號、一曲柄角度訊號及受測者下肢兩條肌肉的肌電訊號，且一訊號處理裝置根據該關節角度訊號、力矩訊號、踏力訊號、曲柄角度訊號及受測者的人體計測資料，估算受測者下肢肌肉的一活化數據及下肢關節的一力矩數據，並根據上述肌電訊號求得受測者下肢其餘肌肉的肌電訊號，且根據該等肌電訊號求得受測者下肢肌肉的一共縮百分比。
魚眼相機全自動校正方法及其裝置
(2018-09-16)
莊仁輝
;
張天龍
;
呂木天
;
謝易育
;
楊世緯
本發明係一種魚眼相機全自動校正方法及其裝置，透過魚眼攝影裝置擷取一真實影像包括第一直線，以產生具有第一魚眼線條的魚眼影像；平移第一直線直到第一魚眼線條成為直線；在真實影像產生交叉於第一直線的第二直線，以對應產生第二魚眼線條，平移第二直線使第二魚眼線條成為一條直線；以第一、第二直線的交叉點為對稱基準點，在第二直線上產生至少二對稱點，使魚眼攝影裝置顯示少二魚眼對稱點；旋轉第二直線，使二魚眼對稱點與第一魚眼線條的距離相同；擷取中心交叉座標，魚眼對稱點座標與魚眼對稱點距離，帶入魚眼參數方程式求得魚眼參數，利用魚眼參數以及魚眼影像中心座標進行魚眼相機校正。本發明能降低操作難度，自動校正魚眼相機影像。
Copper-to-copper direct bonding on highly (111)-oriented nanotwinned copper in no-vacuum ambient
(2018-09-17)
Juang, Jing-Ye
;
Lu, Chia-Ling
;
Chen, Kuan-Ju
;
Chen, Chao-Chang A.
;
Hsu, Po-Ning
A vacuum-free Cu-to-Cu direct bonding by using (111)-oriented and nanotwinned Cu has been achieved. A fast bonding process occurs in 5 min under a temperature gradient between 450 and 100 degrees C. It is verified by grain growth across the bonded interface. To investigate the grain growth behavior, further annealing in the temperature gradient, as well as in a reversed temperature gradient, was performed. They showed similar recrystallization behavior with de-twinning. To analyze the de-twinning, we recall the classic model of annealing twin formation by Fullman and Fisher as comparison. Our case is opposite to the model of Fullman and Fisher. A mechanism of direct bonding by surface diffusion creep is proposed.