Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-09-13"

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設計思考整合動手實作之跨領域專案式學期課程:智慧醫療領域
(2019-09-13)
陳冠宇
;
國立交通大學生醫工程研究所
Extraction of the U-235 and Pu-239 Antineutrino Spectra at Daya Bay
(2019-09-13)
Adey, D.
;
An, F. P.
;
Balantekin, A. B.
;
Band, H. R.
;
Bishai, M.
This Letter reports the first extraction of individual antineutrino spectra from U-235 and Pu-239 fission and an improved measurement of the prompt energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay. The analysis uses 3.5 x 10(6) inverse beta-decay candidates in four near antineutrino detectors in 1958 days. The individual antineutrino spectra of the two dominant isotopes, U-235 and Pu-239, are extracted using the evolution of the prompt spectrum as a function of the isotope fission fractions. In the energy window of 4-6 MeV, a 7% (9%) excess of events is observed for the U-235 (Pu-239) spectrum compared with the normalized Huber-Mueller model prediction. The significance of discrepancy is 4.0 sigma for U-235 spectral shape compared with the Huber-Mueller model prediction. The shape of the measured inverse beta-decay prompt energy spectrum disagrees with the prediction of the Huber-Mueller model at 5.3 sigma. In the energy range of 4-6 MeV, a maximal local discrepancy of 6.3 sigma is observed.
標準必要專利FRAND權利金計算──兼論智慧財產法院105年度民專上字第24號判決
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2019-09-15)
莊弘鈺
;
鍾京洲
;
劉尚志
;
Hung-Yu Chuang
;
Ching-Chou Chung
本文回顧各國法院關於標準必要專利公平、合理、無歧視（FRAND）之權利金計算所作成之司法判決，從比較研究之觀點進行分析及歸納。自美國法院於2013年作成第一個關於標準必要專利FRAND權利金計算的判決，各國法院在FRAND權利金計算的議題上，已陸續發展出許多值得參考的判決與方法論。本文深入個案進行判決之研究，從中萃取重要之計算方法與論理，描繪出可供依循之FRAND權利金計算架構，而各國法院採納之具體方法論以「由上而下法」與「可比較授權法」為主流，有僅採用其中一種方法，亦有見兩種方法並用作為交叉檢驗者，決定出標準必要專利最終之FRAND權利金費率。其後聚焦我國智慧財產法院105年度民專上字第24號判決，並就飛利浦與國碩公司間損害賠償額之決定，以各國相關司法判決為借鏡，分別解析一、二審法院計算賠償數額之方法論。本文主張可比較授權之授權金應僅為計算合理權利金之起始點，仍應將系爭專利貢獻度納入考量進行分配，俾使個案中合理權利金之數額能適度，避免專利箝制與權利金堆疊的風險。故期待本文對FRAND權利金計算之比較研究觀察與啟示，能作為資訊通訊產業界與我國司法實務界面臨相關爭議時之參考。
Crystal phase control in self-catalyzed InSb nanowires using basic growth parameter V/III ratio
(2019-09-15)
Anandan, Deepak
;
Nagarajan, Venkatesan
;
Kakkerla, Ramesh Kumar
;
Yu, Hung Wei
;
Ko, Hua Lun
In this work, the influence of V/III ratio on self-catalyzed InSb nanowire (NW) crystal structure is investigated using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The effective balance of V/III ratio determines the change of InSb NW crystal structure from zincblende to wurtzite. Particularly, as group-V molar flow varies from 6.4 x 10(-5) to 8.0 x 10(-5) mol/min, wurtzite segment length of InSb NW increases from 16 +/- 9 nm to 89 +/- 9 nm, whereas zincblende crystal phase is observed for other molar flows. We interpret the observed phase transition to a lower surface energy of In-Sb alloy droplet than pure In-droplet, which makes triple phase line nucleation energetically favorable. This study gives insight on single growth parameter (V/III ratio) change to the InSb NW crystal control, such a technique is essential to selectively tune the crystal phase of single NW for various applications.
專利有效性判斷雙軌制下臺灣專利連結制度觀察及建議
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2019-09-15)
李秉燊
;
Pin-Shen Lee
美國法院判決專利無效，即拘束其後所有訴訟當事人；是以，在專利連結制度下，當有學名藥廠取得專利無效判決，美國食品藥品監督管理局（USFDA）於另一學名藥廠申請上市時，不再啟動暫停核發許可證。臺灣專利有效性判斷則採雙軌制，雖然民事法院得自為判斷專利有效性，惟僅生個案拘束力；因此，專利連結在臺灣施行後，即使系爭專利曾經民事法院認定無效，只要未經舉發撤銷，臺灣衛生福利部食品藥物管理署（TFDA）在另一學名藥廠申請上市時仍於法定期間暫停核發許可證。由此可知，同樣的專利連結制度，適用臺灣專利法制後產生有別美國的法律效果，系爭專利將繼續啟動暫停核發許可證的法定效力，遞延第二、三家學名藥廠進入市場的時間，進而影響藥品價格與製藥產業發展。鑑於上述問題，本文研究美國修法歷程與韓國立法例，在臺灣公私法二元與雙軌制的結構下提出專利連結制度的規範配套建議，調和現行臺灣專利連結制度在專利有效性判斷雙軌制下可能形塑的市場壁壘。此外，臺灣有別美國，尚未允許學名藥廠主動提起確認系爭專利應撤銷或未侵權之訴，於訴訟啟動完全處於被動；甚至在專利連結下擬制侵權訴訟中對原開發藥廠訴訟理由有重大影響的專利資訊有疑義時，得否爭執亦未可知。本文建議臺灣未來在專利法增訂專利連結下擬制侵權態樣時，應確保配套規定學名藥廠得於原開發藥廠未於法定期間起訴時，提起確認專利未侵權之訴；並基於專利資訊為該擬制侵權的重要基礎，規定學名藥廠得於專利連結訴訟中提請法院審酌專利資訊適格與正確性，以平衡現行制度下學名藥廠的弱勢地位。
High-speed data-plane packet aggregation and disaggregation by P4 switches
(2019-09-15)
Wang, Shie-Yuan
;
Wu, Chia-Ming
;
Lin, Yi-Bing
;
Huang, Ching-Chun
;
資訊工程學系
In this paper, we propose novel approaches that utilize the header manipulations of the P4 (Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processor) switches to aggregate small IoT packets into a large one, transmit it over a network, and then disaggregate it back to the original small packets, all in the data plane of the hardware P4 switch to provide high throughputs. Packet aggregation and disaggregation provide many important benefits and have been proposed and performed in the past. However, most existing approaches perform packet aggregation and disaggregation in the control plane either by the switch CPU or by the server CPU, resulting in low throughputs. Our work is the first work that designs and implements packet aggregation and disaggregation purely in the pipelines of the switching ASIC. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of our approaches, their measured throughputs, and the insights that we have obtained from this pioneering work.
Effective hydrogenation of TiO2 photocatalysts with CH3OH for enhanced water splitting: A computational and X-ray study
(2019-09-15)
Wang, Tsai-Te
;
Raghunath, Putikam
;
Lin, Yu-Chang
;
Lin, Yan-Gu
;
Lin, Ming-Chan
We have investigated computationally and experimentally the efficacy of CH3OH treatment of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and compared the results obtained with H-2 as the hydrogenation source. The results indicate that TiO2 NPs heated at 300 degrees C in 120 Torr of CH3OH vapor is more effective than the samples heated under 800 Torr of H-2 at the same temperature. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were employed to study the optical property. The effect of temperature of hydrogenation has been systematically studied for NPs in the 200-450 degrees C range for both H-sources based on H-2 evolution, employing Xe lamp as the light source. The hydrogenated TiO2 NPs using H-2 and CH3OH have been analyzed by soft X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses with and without Xe lamp irradiation in situ. The result indicates that CH3OH hydrogenation can induce a much stronger Ti-O interaction along direction d(z)(2) and increase the unoccupied DOS of Ti t(2g) states. This is why the CH3OH treated TiO2 exhibits a greater photo-activity. The crucial role of the hydrogenation using CH3OH was also investigated systematically and confirmed by quantum-chemical calculations with complementary synchrotron-based X-ray techniques. The results are consistent with the predicted barriers for the formation of H atoms on the TiO2 surface, 4-9 kcal/mol, considerably lower than that in the H-2 case, 48 kcal/mol.
奈米的奇幻旅程—科學與藝術的跨領域學習
(2019-09-15)
陳俊太
;
國立交通大學應用化學系
評析臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例第93條之1修法與實務之若干議題
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2019-09-15)
吳盈德
;
Yen-Te Wu
臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例自1992年7月31日制定公布，同年9月18日施行以來，先後歷經16次修正。鑑於目前出現大陸資金未經主管機關許可來臺從事投資，影響我國資本市場秩序，本次修法將調高陸資未經許可來臺投資之罰鍰上限，並將陸資投資事業規避主管機關檢查納入裁罰對象，以遏止陸資違法投資或違規之行為，另考量實務上不乏小額投資違規態樣，宜由主管機關依違法情節輕重及比例原則進行裁處。此次修正條文第93條之1，將陸資未經許可來臺投資之罰鍰，由現行12萬元至60萬元，修正為12萬元至2,500萬元，主管機關可依違法情節輕重及比例原則，處以罰鍰。另依據行政罰法第18條，若違法來臺陸資所得之利益，超過法定罰鍰最高額2,500萬元，相關機關可再加以裁罰，不受法定罰鍰最高金額之限制。另外，此次修法也新增限期改正，否則可要求其撤資，並得連續處罰至改正為止，相信可適用於大部分的案件，未來特殊案件也可思考如何予以強化。
人工智慧創作品之著作權保護──從繪畫機器人談起
(交通大學科技法律學院（原名稱：交通大學科技法律研究所）, 2019-09-15)
毛舞雲
;
Wu-Yun Mao
本文首先透過繪畫機器人之介紹，使讀者理解機器人獨立自主從事創作之情境，並進而激發問題意識：當機器人已具備某種感知能力，能夠自行生成人類所無法預知內容的作品（AI-generated work，以下簡稱「人工智慧創作品」）時，著作權相關規範應如何調整以因應此種新興作品之保護？為回應此一議題，本文主要分為法律與政策兩方面探討：在法律方面，參考英國立法例，初步建議可於著作權相關規範中將人工智慧創作品納入保護，其具體內容考量法律安定性，則考慮透過擬制既有制度以填補目前法制空缺，經檢視現行著作權法規範中與人工智慧創作品之創作邏輯最為接近者，發現聘雇著作的法理與人工智慧創作品有一定相似性，其中又以職務著作最為接近，故似可以此作為人工智慧創作品擬制之依據；另在政策方面，為求人工智慧創作品之長期且全面性發展，初步建議可參考日本之相關討論，設立跨部會整合之專責機構加以統籌擘劃。本文結論強調，賦予此一新型態創作品法律位階的保護，且以人類為權利主體，始能達到創造誘因、激勵創新之目的，才更有機會建立一個正向循環的人工智慧經濟，並期待政策上將人工智慧創作品納入人工智慧產業之整體規劃，以使產業全面發展。
The Impact of Antidepressants on the Risk of Developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan
(2019-09-15)
Lin, Ching-En
;
Chung, Chi-Hsiang
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Chen, Li-Fen
;
Chien, Wu-Chien
;
Chou, Po-Han
Study Objectives: The association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported inconsistently, and the association between antidepressant use and the risk of developing OSA in patients with PTSD has not been previously studied. Therefore, we used the Longitudinal National Health Insurance Database (LHID) to investigate the impact of PTSD and antidepressant use on the risk of OSA development. Methods: Identified from the LHID, 2,316 individuals aged >= 18 years with PTSD, but with no history of OSA, and 23,160 control individuals matched forage, sex, obesity and index date were enrolled between 2000 and 2015 and followed up until the end of 2015 to identify the development of OSA. A two-tailed Bonferroni-corrected P < .00038 (.05/13) was considered statistically significant as we examined 13 antidepressants. Results: Individuals with PTSD had increased risk of developing OSA (adjusted hazard ratio 4.672, 95% confidence interval 2.246-9.787, P < .001) after adjusting for demographic data, medical comorbidities, and medication. Treatment with antidepressants was not significantly associated with an increased risk of developing OSA compared to no antidepressant treatment. Conclusions: Asian patients with PTSD had increased risk of developing OSA, and treatment with antidepressants did not play a key role in increasing the risk of OSA development. Further studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms of PTSD and the roles of antidepressants on the risk of developing OSA.
Power-to-methane via co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2: The effects of pressurized operation and internal methanation
(2019-09-15)
Wang, Ligang
;
Rao, Megha
;
Diethelm, Stefan
;
Lin, Tzu-En
;
Zhang, Hanfei
This paper presents a model-based investigation to handle the fundamental issues for the design of co-electrolysis based power-to-methane at the levels of both the stack and system: the role of CO2 in co-electrolysis, the benefits of employing pressurized stack operation and the conditions of promoting internal methanation. Results show that the electrochemical reaction of co-electrolysis is dominated by H2O splitting while CO2 is converted via reverse water-gas shift reaction. Increasing CO2 feed fraction mainly enlarges the concentration and cathode-activation overpotentials. Internal methanation in the stack can be effectively promoted by pressurized operation under high reactant utilization with low current density and large stack cooling. For the operation of a single stack, methane fraction of dry gas at the cathode outlet can reach as high as 30 vol.% (at 30 bar and high flowrate of sweep gas), which is, unfortunately, not preferred for enhancing system efficiency due to the penalty from the pressurization of sweep gas. The number drops down to 15 vol.% (at 15 bar) to achieve the highest system efficiency (at 0.27 A/cm(2)). The internal methanation can serve as an effective internal heat source to maintain stack temperature (thus enhancing electrochemistry), particularly at a small current density. This enables the co-electrolysis based power-to-methane to.achieve higher efficiency than the steam-electrolysis based (90% vs 86% on higher heating value, or 83% vs 79% on lower heating value without heat and converter losses).
A nano-molar fluorescent turn-on probe for copper(II) detection in living cells
(2019-09-15)
Wei, Ling-Fang
;
Chen, Chong-Yan
;
Lai, Chia-Kai
;
Thirumalaivasan, Natesan
;
Wu, Shu-Pao
The development of fluorescent probes to detect trace metal ions in biological samples has been in great need. Herein, a fluorescence turn-on sensor (PHC) was designed for highly selective detection of Cu2+ ions. The probe PHC shows weak fluorescence due to imine isomerization. With Cu2+, a significant blue emission due to Cu2+-induced oxidation of imine to a carboxylate group is observed. The turn-on process is observed with a 63-fold increase of fluorescence quantum yield (from 0.004 to 0.252). The emission intensity has a good linear relation at Cu2+ concentrations of 0-40 mu M. The detection limit is estimated as 8 nM (S/N = 3). The maximum emission change induced by Cu2+ is found in the pH range of 6.5-8.0. The probe PHC can be applied in detecting Cu2+ in living cells monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging.
國際商務仲裁模擬法庭教學的實踐與反思
(2019-09-16)
陳在方
;
國立交通大學科技法律學院
A model study on the mechanism and kinetics for reactions of the hydrated electron with H3O+ and NH4+ ions
(2019-09-16)
Le Huyen, Trinh
;
Pham, Tien, V
;
Minh Tho Nguyen
;
Lin, M. C.
;
交大名義發表
Mechanism and kinetics of the reactions of the hydrated electron (e(aq)(-)) with H3O+ and NH4+ cations were determined using quantum chemical computations with both density functional theory (B3LYP) and wavefunction (MP2 and CCSD(T)) methods and the 6-311 + + G(3df,2p) basis set, in conjunction with a PCM method for treating structures in solution. Although both reactions occur with a hydrogen atom transfer, their mechanisms differ from each other by kinetic results. While the reaction of e(aq)(-) and H3O+ in solution is diffusion-controlled, NH4+ reacts with e(aq)(-) via a transition structure with H-tunneling. The predicted rate constants agree well with available experimental results.
Structural, Photophysical, and Electronic Properties of CH3NH3PbCl3 Single Crystals
(2019-09-16)
Hsu, Hao-Ping
;
Li, Liang-Chen
;
Shellaiah, Muthaiah
;
Sun, Kien Wen
;
應用化學系
Methylammonium lead chloride (CH3NH3PbCl3 or MAPbCl(3)) single crystals were fabricated using the inverse temperature crystallization method, and their structural, photophysical, and electronic characteristics were studied using temperature dependent optical spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), current-voltage, and Hall measurements. The changes in absorption and photoluminescence properties accompanied with structural changes in crystal lattice were studied within a broad temperature range of 300-20 K. XRD investigations reveal that phase changes took placed around 180 K and 175 K. At a temperature below 170 K, two different crystallographic phases were found to co-exist in the photoluminescence spectra. An asymmetric line shape with broad and weak shoulders near the absorption edges was observed in all of the major PL peaks. The weak shoulders are attributed to the missing chloride atoms on the crystal surface. The photoluminescence intensity of the crystals was strongly influenced by the environment, thereby indicating that the carrier recombination is affected by the physical desorption/absorption of gas molecules at the crystal surface. Moreover, vibronic replicas in the photoluminescence spectra at low temperature were observed for the first time. The origins of these replicas are attributed to the coupling between the vibrational/librational motions of the organic cations and the photoexcited electrons. Finally, the Hall and current-voltage measurements confirm that the crystal is an n-type semiconductor with a carrier concentration of similar to 2.63 x 10(11) cm(-3), a mobility of 4.14 cm(2)/V.s, and a conductivity of 1.8 x 10(-8) Omega(-1 )cm(-1) under dark and room temperature conditions.
Signal Enhancement of Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Immunosensors by RNA Aptamer
(2019-09-17)
Vu, Cao-An
;
Hu, Wen-Pin
;
Yang, Yuh-Shyong
;
Chan, Hardy Wai-Hong
;
Chen, Wen-Yih
Silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) have been demonstrated as a highly sensitive platform for label-free detection of a variety of biological and chemical entities. However, detecting signal from immunoassays by nanoFETs is severely hindered by the distribution of different charged groups of targeted entities, their binding orientation, and distances to the surface of the FET. Aptamers have been widely applied as a recognition element for plentiful biosensors because of small molecular sizes and moderate to high specific binding affinity with different types of molecules. In this study, we propose an effective approach to enhance the electrical responses of both direct (6x-histidine) and sandwich (amyloid beta 1-42) immunoassays in SiNW-FETs with R18, a highly negative charged RNA aptamer against rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). Empirical results presented that the immunosensors targeted with R18 expressed a significantly stabilized and amplified signal compared to the ones without this aptamer. The research outcome provides applicability of the highly negative charged aptamer as a bioamplifier for immunoassays by FETs.
Theoretical Study for Exploring the Diglycoside Substituent Effect on the Antioxidative Capability of Isorhamnetin Extracted from Anoectochilus roxburghii
(2019-09-17)
Nguyen Minh Thong
;
Vo, Quan V.
;
Trinh Le Huyen
;
Mai Van Bay
;
Dinh Tuan
Radical-scavenging activity of isorhamnetin (1) and its diglycosides, named isorhamnetin-3,5'-O-beta-D-diglucoside (2) and isorhamnetin-3,7-O-beta-D-diglucoside (3) extracted from Anoectochilus roxburghii, has been studied through three main antioxidant pathways: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer, and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). All thermodynamic parameters related to these radical-scavenging mechanisms were computed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory both in the gas phase and in solution. The results suggest that HAT is the predominant mechanism in the gas phase, while SPLET is supported in an aqueous environment. In addition, the stability of radicals has also been explored by electron spin density and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The potential energy profiles and kinetic calculations for the reactions between the selected compounds and the CH3OO center dot radical were calculated at 298.15 K. Among all investigated, compound 2 has the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest Gibbs free energy (-4.05 kcal/mol) and the highest hydrogen atom transfer rate constant (3.61 x 10(6) M(-1)s(-1)). Substitution of the OH and OMe groups by two glucoses at the 3 and 5' sites of isorhamnetin has a significant impact on its antioxidant activity.
Stabilizing Ferroelectric Domain Switching of Hafnium Aluminum Oxide Using Metal Nitride Electrode Engineering
(2019-09-17)
Liu, Chien
;
Tung, Yi-Chun
;
Tseng, Chih-Yang
;
Wang, Wei-Chun
;
Chen, Hsuan-Han
In this work, we comprehensively investigated the metal-electrode stress engineering on HfAlO metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitor. According to experimental results, we confirm that high-nitrogen tantalum-nitride electrode with good chemical stability not only mitigates the anti-ferroelectric property and gate leakage current, but also improves the wake-up effect and endurance cycling characteristics, which shows the great potential for future applications of low-power ferroelectric memories. (c) 2019 The Electrochemical Society.
Effect of a-InGaZnO TFT Channel Thickness under Self-Heating Stress
(2019-09-18)
Tai, Mao-Chou
;
Chang, Po-Wen
;
Chang, Ting-Chang
;
Tsao, Yu-Ching
;
Tsai, Yu-Lin
In this work, indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin film transistors (IGZO-TFTs) with different channel thicknesses were compared after self-heating stress (SHS). Although TFTs with a thicker channel have higher current during stress conditions, less degradation is reported. This degradation, manifest as the threshold voltage shift in the transfer characteristics, is well described by the stretched-exponential equation. In addition, the average effective barrier height, Et, is extracted to compare the difference in degradation between both TFTs, and finds that the barrier height in the thick channel device is twice that of the thin channel device. Finally, a COMSOL simulation is performed to demonstrate the electrical difference at the gate insulator layer and confirm such phenomena. (C) 2019 The Electrochemical Society.