Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-11-21"

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An efficient and stable photoelectrochemical system with 9% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency via InGaP/GaAs double junction
(2019-11-21)
Varadhan, Purushothaman
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Fu, Hui-Chun
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Kao, Yu-Cheng
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Horng, Ray-Hua
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He, Jr-Hau
Despite III-V semiconductors demonstrating extraordinary solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies, high cost and poor stability greatly impede their practical implementation in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting applications. Here, we present a simple and efficient strategy for III-V-based photoelectrodes that functionally and spatially decouples the light harvesting component of the device from the electrolysis part that eliminates parasitic light absorption, reduces the cost, and enhances the stability without any compromise in efficiency. The monolithically integrated PEC cell was fabricated by an epitaxial lift-off and transfer of inversely grown InGaP/GaAs to a robust Ni-substrate and the resultant photoanode exhibits an STH efficiency of similar to 9% with stability similar to 150 h. Moreover, with the ability to access both sides of the device, we constructed a fully-integrated, unassisted-wireless "artificial leaf" system with an STH efficiency of similar to 6%. The excellent efficiency and stability achieved herein are attributed to the light harvesting/catalysis decoupling scheme, which concurrently improves the optical, electrical, and electrocatalytic characteristics.
砸千萬拯救浪貓——音樂家林心儀
(2019-11-24)
陳姝芸
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
她，放棄身為音樂家優渥的生活，散盡千萬積蓄甚至負債，三十餘年來無怨無悔，拯救數百隻流浪毛孩。
教育現場──特殊選才到底在特殊什麼？
(2019-11-24)
石恩亞
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
考試不再是唯一的方式！「特殊選才」於107學年度起納入正式入學管道，目的是招收具有特殊才能或不同教育資歷學生，隨著試辦順利，各大學也爭相釋出名額。特殊選才對於招生方式和入學後安排，都由各大學自行籌劃，再經教育部審核即可，因此各校的特色皆不同，同時也會遇到不少困難。
一篇沒有營養卻有智慧的專訪
(2019-11-24)
林怡恩
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
「一本正經地講幹話」是沒有營養的生活智慧王的特色，他近期在臉書爆紅，教導觀眾如何在日常生活中發揮智慧。
總編輯的話
(2019-11-24)
施詞萱
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
本期別為喀報325期，共計10篇文章，包含四篇社會議題、五篇人物特寫、一篇文化現象。本篇頭題為黃心姵的〈性別友善住宿　你願意入住嗎？〉，文章以性別友善宿舍為題，分析並探討台灣的性別平等教育現象。
淺談「成功」與「失敗」這枚硬幣
(2019-11-24)
李金福
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
越來越多的人隨著創業的潮流，認可創業的精神，並且往往會把成功創業的人士，當做人生「勝利組」，也經常把「失敗」設在「成功」的對立面，人生難道就只能在兩個坑裡來回選擇嗎？
性別友善住宿　你願意入住嗎？
(2019-11-24)
黃心姵
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
台灣國立師範大學設立全台第一間「男女性同層、不同房」的性別友善宿舍。設立目的是為了讓學生在「性平教育」方面有更多的學習，然而宿舍的設立卻引起安全議題與性平教育的兩難。
「青銀共居」大齡與青年共處的新世代
(2019-11-24)
李旻珊
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
孤獨老人有陪伴需求、年輕人有住房需求，社會上急需解決的兩個問題，就這樣一手給「青銀共居」包辦了。
外送進校園　方便還是隨便？
(2019-11-24)
沈品妤
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
吃膩營養午餐或學餐了嗎？中式西式外送任你點！許多新聞平台紛紛針對位於雙北市的高中在用餐時間時，外送員雲集的景象做出報導；清華大學校方更祭出限制外送時段的做法，但遭到師生反對。究竟外送平台進入校園是帶給學生更多選擇？還是衍生出更多問題？本篇將針對此議題深入探討。
自由潛水如何自由？
(2019-11-24)
曾冠霖
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
【屏息之間的自由】專題

抽離繁忙的日常，在蔚藍之中，找尋生命起源的自由奔放。
用3000幅畫說我愛你　太太先生—馬修
(2019-11-24)
馬鈺絜
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
馬修用實際行動來證明對太太的愛，不管再忙碌、再疲勞，每天都抽空畫下與妻子的生活點滴。以貼近日常生活的情節、詼諧的插畫風格博得大眾喜愛，這段刻骨銘心的感情讓他堅決地說：「我會畫到不能再畫為止。」
連上班也在創作？TP田珮的多重生活
(2019-11-24)
曾弘碩
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Department of Communication and Technology
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傳播與科技學系
有一種頭銜叫做斜槓青年，普遍出現在現今社會當中。TP田珮除了上班之外，她的多重身分為生活增添不少樂趣。
Seeing pressure in color based on integration o highly sensitive pressure sensor and emission tunable light emitting diode
(2019-11-25)
Shen, Tien-Lin
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Chen, Chien-Tung
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Liao, Yu-Kuang
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Su, Teng-Yu
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Liu, Che-Yu
We demonstrate a highly sensitive, low-cost, environmental-friendly pressure sensor derived from a wool-based pressure sensor with wide pressure sensing range using wool bricks embedded with a Ag nano-wires. The easy fabrication and light weight allow portable and wearable device applications. Wth the integration of a light-emitting diode possessing multi-wavelength emission, we illustrate a hybrid multi-functional LED-integrated pressure sensor that is able to convert different applied pressures to light emission with different wavelengths. Due to the high sensitivity of the pressure sensor, the demonstration of acoustic signal detection has also been presented using sound of a metronome and a speaker playing a song. This multi-functional pressure sensor can be implemented to technologies such as smart lighting, health care, visible light communication (VLC), and other internet of things (IoT) applications. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Optical servo with high design freedom using spherical-wave Bragg degeneracy in a volume holographic optical element
(2019-11-25)
Yu, Yeh-Wei
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Shu, Chung-Mou
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Sun, Ching-Cherng
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Hsieh, Po-Kai
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Yang, Tsung-Hsun
A novel optical sensor is proposed and demonstrated with the use of spherical-wave Bragg degeneracy of a volume holographic optical element. Bragg degeneracy can be performed perfectly for a volume hologram written by two plane waves or spherical waves. But only spherical reference light is useful to perform severe shifting selectivity in one direction and Bragg degeneracy in another direction. The experiment corresponding to theoretical simulation was demonstrated in a volume holographic optical element, which was an optical servo for a collinear volume holographic disc. Through clever design, the displacement response of the tracking beam was observed for a magnification magnitude of 980% to the displacement of the probe beam so that the resolution requirement of the photosensor can be reduced. Besides, a high linearity of the displacement response was observed. To discover the design freedom, a theoretical study of the displacement response was done for the servo by two spherical waves. The linearity, the magnification magnitude, and the diffraction efficiency were examined and the property of the Bragg degeneracy was figured out. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Comparison of Properties of Thin Film AlGaInP LEDs with Composite Metal and Si Substrates
(2019-11-25)
Sinha, ShreeKant
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Feng, Hsiang-An
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Chung, Cheng-Yu
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Tu, Chia-Wei
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Horng, Ray-Hua
N-side up thin-AlGaInP epilayers based on vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs) (light emitting area: 44 mil x 44 mil) with Si and composite metal (copper/Invar/copper; CIC) substrates were obtained by wafer bonding and epilayer transferring technologies. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the Si and CIC substrates were about 2.6 x 10(-6) /K and 6.1 x 10(-6) /K respectively. The coefficient of thermal expansion of CIC was matched to the GaAs substrate and AlGaInP epilayer. After the epilayer transferred to the CIC substrate, a small amount of bending occurred. The performance of the packaged LEDs/CIC was almost the same with that of LEDs/Si. The redshift phenomenon was from 623 to 643 nm for the CIC/LEDs while that of the LEDs/Si chip was from 625 to 643 nm with an injected current from 100 mA to 1 A and high output power (251 mW at 1 A) as compared to packaged LEDs/Si (299.5 mW at 1 A). The variation in light-emitting wavelengths of the LEDs/CIC was the same with that of the LEDs/Si. The distribution of the temperature of the LEDs on the CIC substrate was less than the LEDs on Si throughout the surface. The obtained data suggested that CIC could be extended instead of a Si substrate for high-power thin film LEDs applications. (c) The Author(s) 2019. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of intelligent feedback on online learners? engagement and cognitive load: the case of research ethics education
(2019-11-26)
Sun, Jerry Chih-Yuan
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Yu, Shih-Jou
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Chao, Chih-Hsuan
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教育研究所
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Institute of Education
The current study developed an intelligent learning environment for online education of research ethics and investigated how encouragement and warning intelligent feedback influenced learners? engagement (behavioural, emotional, and cognitive) and cognitive load (mental load and mental effort). Participants included 191 graduate students in Taiwan who were randomly assigned into four groups: a non-feedback group, a warning feedback group, an encouragement feedback group, and an encouragement plus warning feedback group. The intelligent feedback was established on the basis of learning analytics from a database of prior learners? online learning of off- or on-task behaviours. The system detected students? sequential behavioural patterns and provided instant intelligent feedback. The results showed that encouragement plus warning feedback caused higher emotional and cognitive engagement, whereas warning feedback led to higher mental load. The study suggests that when designing intelligent learning environments, encouragement, and warning intelligent feedback should be used jointly to enhance the appeal of the learning journey and to boost emotional engagement, thereby increasing students? willingness to learn. It is important to avoid using only warning feedback to reduce interference in learning.
Electrostatically Driven Guest Binding in Self-Assembled Molecular Network of Hexagonal Pyridine Macrocycle at the Liquid/Solid Interface: Symmetry Breaking Induced by Coadsorbed Solvent Molecules
(2019-11-26)
Iritani, Kohei
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Takeda, Hiroshi
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Kather, Michael
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Yokoi, Masahiko
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Moeglen, Magali
We present here the construction of a self-assembled two-dimensional network at the liquid/solid interface using a hexagonal pyridine macrocycle which binds an organic cation in its intrinsic porous space by electrostatic interactions. For this purpose, a hexagonal pyridinylene-butadiynylene macrocycle (PyBM) having six octyloxymethyl groups, PyBM-C8, was synthesized. As guests, tropylium (Tr) tetrafluoroborate and trioxatriangulenium (TOTA) hexafluorophosphate were used. In this study, we focused on (i) the network patterns of PyBM-C8 which change in response to its concentration and (ii) the position of the guest immobilized in the porous space of the macrocycle. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations at the interface of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) revealed that PyBM-C8 formed four different polymorphs, oblique, loose hexagonal, linear, and rectangular, depending on the solute concentration and annealing treatment. Solvent TCB molecules are likely coadsorbed to not only the intrinsically porous space of PyBM-C8 (internal TCB) but also the space outside of the macrocycle between its alkyl chains (external TCB) in most of the cases. Upon adding the guest cation, whereas small Tr was not visualized in the pore due to size mismatching, larger TOTA was clearly observed in each pore. In addition, based on high-resolution STM images of the rhombus packing pattern of PyBM-C8, we revealed experimentally that TOTA was placed at an off center position of the deformed hexagonal macrocyclic core in the rhombus pattern. On the basis of the molecular mechanics calculations, we hypothesize that the off-center location of TOTA is due to deformation of the hexagonal macrocycle through interaction with two external TCB molecules located at opposite edges of the macrocyclic core. Symmetry breaking of the macrocyclic host framework induced by coadsorbed surrounding solvent molecules thus plays a significant role in host-guest complexation at the liquid/solid interface.
A collective tracking method for preliminary sperm analysis
(2019-11-27)
Wei, Sung-Yang
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Chao, Hsuan-Hao
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Huang, Han-Ping
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Hsu, Chang Francis
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Li, Sheng-Hsiang
Background Total motile sperm count (TMSC) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) are two important parameters in preliminary semen analysis for male infertility. Traditionally, both parameters are evaluated manually by embryologists or automatically using an expensive computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) instrument. The latter applies a point-tracking method using an image processing technique to detect, recognize and classify each of the target objects, individually, which is complicated. However, as semen is dense, manual counting is exhausting while CASA suffers from severe overlapping and heavy computation. Methods We proposed a simple frame-differencing method that tracks motile sperms collectively and treats their overlapping with a statistical occupation probability without heavy computation. The proposed method leads to an overall image of all of the differential footprint trajectories (DFTs) of all motile sperms and thus the overall area of the DFTs in a real-time manner. Accordingly, a theoretical DFT model was also developed to formulate the overall DFT area of a group of moving beads as a function of time as well as the total number and average speed of the beads. Then, using the least square fitting method, we obtained the optimal values of the TMSC and the average VCL that yielded the best fit for the theoretical DFT area to the measured DFT area. Results The proposed method was used to evaluate the TMSC and the VCL of 20 semen samples. The maximum TMSC evaluated using the method is more than 980 sperms per video frame. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between the two series of TMSC obtained using the method and the CASA instrument is 0.946. The PCC between the two series of VCL obtained using the method and CASA is 0.771. As a consequence, the proposed method is as accurate as the CASA method in TMSC and VCL evaluations. Conclusion In comparison with the individual point-tracking techniques, the collective DFT tracking method is relatively simple in computation without complicated image processing. Therefore, incorporating the proposed method into a cell phone equipped with a microscopic lens can facilitate the design of a simple sperm analyzer for clinical or household use without advance dilution.
Metronidazole versus lactic acid for treating bacterial vaginosis (VITA): protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of topical lactic acid gel for treating second and subsequent episodes of bacterial vaginosis
(2019-11-27)
Armstrong-Buisseret, Lindsay
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Brittain, Clare
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David, Miruna
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Dean, Gillian
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Griffiths, Frances
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects 30-50% of women at some time in their lives and is an embarrassing and distressing condition which can be associated with potentially serious comorbidities. Current antibiotic treatments such as metronidazole are effective but can result in side effects, and recurrence is common. This trial aims to investigate whether lactic acid gel is clinically effective and cost effective in the treatment of recurrent BV compared with metronidazole. Methods VITA is an open-label, multicentre, parallel group randomised controlled trial for women with a clinical diagnosis of BV and at least one previous BV episode in the past 2 years. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to intravaginal lactic acid gel 5 ml once daily for 7 days or oral metronidazole tablets 400 mg twice daily for 7 days. All participants will be followed up for 6 months to assess health status and healthcare costs. A subgroup will be interviewed to further explore adherence, tolerability and acceptability of treatment. The estimated sample size is 1900 participants to detect a 6% absolute increase in response rate to 86% in those receiving lactic acid gel. The primary outcome is participant-reported resolution of BV at Week 2. Discussion Results from this trial will help inform UK treatment guidelines for BV and may provide an alternative effective treatment for recurrent episodes of this condition which avoids repeated exposure to antibiotics.
Intra-substance steroid injection for full-thickness supraspinatus tendon rupture
(2019-11-27)
Liu, Chung-Ting
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Yang, Ten-Fang
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交大名義發表
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生物科技學院
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National Chiao Tung University
Background The use of steroid injection for treatment of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this treatment method. Methods Twelve patients in Group 1 received an intra-substance injection into rupture area of supraspinatus tendon with Diprospan 1 cc (betamethasone disodium phosphate 2 mg and betamethasone dipropionate 5 mg) and 1% xylocaine 1 cc. Twelve patients in Group 2 received an injection with normal saline 1 cc and 1% xylocaine 1 cc. The rupture size was measured by sonography before the injection, 3 months after the injection, and 6 months after the injection. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) score and Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were measured and compared between the two groups before the injection, 1 week after the injection, 3 months after the injection, and 6 months after the injection. Results Pain and function improved more in Group 1 than in Group 2. The therapeutic effect lasted for at least 6 months in both groups. The size of the supraspinatus tendon rupture was not increased after injection in either group. Conclusions Intra-substance injection into rupture area of supraspinatus tendon with steroid and xylocaine is effective to reduce pain and improve function in patients with full-thickness supraspinatus tendon rupture without increasing the size of the rupture.