Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-01-01"

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Low-Complexity High-Resolution Parameter Estimation for Automotive MIMO Radars
(2020-01-01)
Lin, Yu-Chien
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Lee, Ta-Sung
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Pan, Yun-Han
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Lin, Kuan-Hen
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交大名義發表
In this paper, we propose a parameter estimation method for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) automotive radars that consists of two stages. The first stage is a low-complexity three-dimensional (3D) constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection technique that exploits spatial filtering to extend radar coverage, and it performs low-complexity peak detection. The second stage is an ESPRIT-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation technique that adopts time & x2013;frequency resource division to generate high-quality snapshots and it performs DOA estimation of targets without the knowledge of the target number. Computer simulations reveal that the proposed method achieves the performance of the two-dimensional ordered statistic CFAR (2D OS-CFAR) while having much lower computational complexity, and it offers the higher resolution DOA estimation compared to the conventional MIMO radars.
Design and Initial Evaluation of a VR based Immersive and Interactive Architectural Design Discussion System
(2020-01-01)
Hsu, Ting-Wei
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Tsai, Ming-Han
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Babu, Sabarish, V
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Hsu, Pei-Hsien
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Chang, Hsuan-Ming
Design discussion is a very important course in architecture education. In this paper, we developed a VR based architecture design discussion system that allows members to visualize and discuss the architectural models and to modify the models during discussion. Since the system is designed to work on top of Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, the object database is updated right after the object modification. Members communicate via voice, object manipulations, and mid-air sketching as well as on-surface sketching in the virtual environment. Several tools have been designed to enhance the sense of presence and to make the discussion more effective. We also developed a rollback mechanism to help users intuitively and quickly revert to a previous state of discussion to make some changes or to start a new direction of discussion. To evaluate the system, we conducted an initial user study with 14 participants to assess the user experience, user impression and effectiveness of the system. The feedback from participants were positive and suggested that the system could be effective and useful for supporting architecture design discussion.
An Expected Win Rate-Based Real Time Bidding Strategy for Branding Campaign by the Model-Free Reinforcement Learning Model
(2020-01-01)
Shih, Wen-Yueh
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Lu, Yi-Shu
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Tsai, Hsiao-Ping
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Huang, Jiun-Long
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資訊工程學系
The bidding strategy plays the most important role to help the Demand Side Platforms (DSPs) making bidding decisions on a large number of bid requests in Real Time Bidding (RTB) to satisfy the different objectives of campaigns under the lifetime and budget constraints. In this paper, we focus on branding campaign whose objective is to obtain as many impressions as possible under the lifetime and budget constraints. To achieve the objectives of branding campaigns, we propose a novel expected win rate-based bidding strategy for branding campaign under the lifetime and budget constraints by utilizing a model-free reinforcement learning model. Specifically, to prevent missing good opportunities resulting from submitting extremely low bid prices, the concept of the base winning price is introduced to determine the lower bound of expected winning price. In addition, to obtain more impressions, the concept of the DSP-specified budget spending plan is proposed to determine the proper winning prices. The base expected win rate is then calculated based on the base winning price and the winning price determined by the DSP-specified budget spending plan. Since RTB is a dynamic environment, we propose a novel expected win rate-based bidding strategy named EWDQN which utilizes Deep Q Network (DQN) to dynamically determine the expected win rate according to the base expected win rate and the current status of the RTB market, and then determines the bid price according to the expected win rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research applying the reinforcement learning technique on the bidding strategies for branding campaign. To measure the performance of EWDQN, several experiments are conducted on two real datasets. Experimental results show that EWDQN outperforms the-state-of-the-art bidding strategies for branding campaign in terms of the number of obtained impressions and CPM (cost per thousand impressions).
Using Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Predict Wound Prognosis in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
(2020-01-01)
Lin, Bor-Shyh
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Chang, Chang-Cheng
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Tseng, Yuan-Hsi
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Li, Jhe-Ruei
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Peng, Yun-Shing
OBJECTIVE: To use wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the effect of Buerger exercises on diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing. METHODS: Study authors enrolled 50 consecutive patients in a 1-year prospective observational study of DFUs. The patients were divided into groups by their arterial statuses: group A (no peripheral arterial disease [PAD]), group B (PAD without angioplasty), and group C (PAD with angioplasty). Tissue perfusion was assessed through wireless wearable NIRS to determine the effects of Buerger exercises on wound healing. MAIN RESULTS: The patients in group C were older, were more likely to have had an amputation, and had more severe wounds than did the patients in other groups. The requirements of insulin injection for diabetes mellitus control differed significantly (P=.024) among the three groups. At the end of the survey, 19 patients (38%) had unhealed DFUs. The NIRS revealed that most nonhealed patients in groups B and C shared higher resting hemoglobin levels and tissue blood volume and lower tissue oxygen concentration, which indicated inflammation accompanied by higher blood flow and oxygen consumption. Notably, the nonhealed patients in group C showed paradoxically reduced hemoglobin and tissue blood volume after the exercises. CONCLUSIONS: Although DFUs remain a challenge to treat, NIRS may prove valuable in predicting wound healing by identifying risk factors for poor wound prognosis, such as reduced hemoglobin and tissue blood volume after exercise.
Neurosurgical brain tumor detection based on intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging technique: A case report of glioblastoma
(2020-01-01)
Liu, Xin-Rui
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Hsiao, Tien-Yu
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Li, Yun-Qian
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Chiu, Kai-Shih
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Huang, Chun-Jung
The delineation of brain tumor margins has been a challenging objective in neurosurgery for decades. Despite the development of various preoperative imaging techniques, the current methodology is still insufficient for clinical practice. We present an intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging system for brain tumor surgery and establish a data processing procedure model to localize tumors. From the experimental result of a glioblastoma patient, we observe a relative small oscillation of Delta HbD in tumor region and speculate that vessels in tumor region have poor ability to provide oxygen. We applied the same data processing procedure on the second time data and proclaimed a successful surgery. Figure: Merged Delta HbD image captured prior and posterior to tumor removal.
Microscopic Traffic Monitoring and Data Collection Cloud Platform Based on Aerial Video
(2020-01-01)
Chen, Guan-Wen
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Yeh, Tzu-Chuan
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Liu, Ching-Yu
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Ik, Tsi-Ui
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資訊工程學系
Real-time traffic video streaming, such as roadside surveillance and aerial video, has been widely used in traffic monitoring nowadays. However, most of the traditional traffic data collection methods lack mobility that can only collect macroscopic data. In this paper, an intelligent traffic monitoring system based on an open source cooperative platform called SAGE2 was developed. Based on the integrated big screen TV wall of SAGE2, a map-based aerial traffic video streaming management interface was designed. In the image pre-processing section, it provides functions such as lens distortion removal, top view projection transforms, and video stabilization; simulate video streaming to provide instant and long-term micro-flow data collection. Micro-traffic flow data provides high-resolution information both in time and space which can be used to analyze the driving behavior of individuals and the public. Combined with the lane level map, it can provide a variety of visual vehicle flow presentations, such as intersection traffic distribution that can also be used to develop an innovative application in the future.
CSP-LEDs Combined With Light Guide Without Reflective Matrix for Antiglare Design
(2020-01-01)
Ye, Zhi Ting
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Ruan, Moujay
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Kuo, Hao-Chung
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光電工程學系
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光電工程研究所
This study proposed a model with different luminous intensity profiles without reflective matrix bar for light fixtures that used asymmetric luminous intensity(ALI) CSP-LEDs (Chip Scale Package-Light emitting diode) combined with light guide as light source module, and analyzed illumination uniformity and unified glare rating (UGR) performance by using a classroom as an example. The study constructed a model of light fixture use in classrooms. Four important parameters affect the comfort of human eye that include UGR, illumination, uniformity of spatial and light distribution of light fixture, in particular, light distribution of light fixture was major affect factor for direct glare. Therefore, light fixture designers previously used many diverse structures to prevent glare, but which will result in a loss of light fixture efficiency about 25%-35% that caused by material absorption and ray loss. This study proposed used ALI CSP-LEDs combined with light guide as light source to optimize different light distribution angles without attached reflective matrix bar or second optical lens on light fixture to simulate a light fixture in a classroom and to evaluate UGR, illumination and uniformity values. We also consider the light fixture tilt angle caused effect of UGR and uniformity. On the basis of the simulation and experimental results, ALI CSP-LEDs beam angle relative to vertical and horizontal axes were 150 degrees and 120 degrees, respectively, the light distribution profile for a beam angle 90 degrees provided the highest illumination uniformity and a UGR of less than 19. Thus, light fixtures with a light distribution angle of beam angle 90 degrees supply human-friendly for anti-glare lighting.
專案融資運用於武器研製之研究－系統動態觀點
(國立交通大學經營管理研究所, 2020-01-01)
劉代洋
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汪家淦
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方崇懿
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劉培林
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Day-Yang Liu
國防主要武器裝備（Major Defense Equipment, MDE）自製包含自主研發、生產與構成武器產業鏈等三方面，藉由發展國防亦可同步提升國家的產業競爭力。MDE自製以軍用目的為導向，具複雜度高、整合度強、資本投資大、技術門檻高與回收期長等特性，除了政府整體規劃與政策的推動外，也需要民間廠商參與，然而民間廠商普遍存在財力條件不足之情況，常需藉由專案融資（Project Financing）取得所需資金。專案融資需具備高度專業及評估能力，而國內銀行長期缺乏專案建造、營運技術等評估能力與經驗，將影響融資風險控管，專案融資亦可能遭到廠商挪用，最後將會影響軍購的履約。因此，專案融資在MDE自製中扮演重要角色，強化MDE自製專案融資的治理工作及系統管理是重要議題。MDE自製與專案融資需考量因素很多，各種因素彼此相互影響、互為因果、環環相扣，利害關係人包含政府、民間廠商與銀行之間互動關係動態複雜，必須以整體與結構性的系統觀點來思考，較能瞭解問題的全貌，進而提出適切的政策。然少有文獻以系統觀點探討MDE自製與專案融資的研究，因此本研究採用系統動態學方法論，以系統思考建構臺灣MDE自製與專案融資質性系統動態分析模式，從政府、民間廠商與銀行三個利害關係人的角度，闡述MDE自製與專案融資因素之因果互動關係，提出改善系統結構之建議，提供決策者政策制訂之參考。
Efficiency of Life Insurance Companies: An Empirical Study in Mainland China and Taiwan
(2020-01-01)
Shieh, Hwai-Shuh
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Ang, Yong-Ze
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交大名義發表
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National Chiao Tung University
The study employs metafrontier and four-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the overall and individual efficiency of life insurance companies in mainland China and Taiwan, after applying the slack-based measure (SBM)-DEA model to adjust the differences in the operating environment across production units. The empirical findings show the following: (a) The environmental factors significantly affected the efficiency of all life insurance companies. After the adjustments, the efficiency score of life insurance companies in mainland China and Taiwan drops for 14.01% and 26.64% in regional frontier, and 38.31% and 12.22% in metafrontier frontier. (b) Before 2008, the life insurance companies in Taiwan are more efficient than those in mainland China.
Kuo Pao Kun and his theatre
(Routledge, 2020)
S. R. Quah
Shaping and positioning of topological defects in nematic liquid crystal cells equipped with patterned electrodes
(2020-01-01)
Tsung, Jieh-Wen
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Chen, Bo-Yao
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Wang, Ya-Zi
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電子物理學系
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Department of Electrophysics
Generation of topological defect that has a particular type (topological charge) and specific shape (radial, spiral, or circular) on a designed position is a crucial step in producing q plates and defect-mediated self-assembled micro structures. Shaping and positioning of topological defects can be achieved by applying delicately designed electric field on nematic liquid crystal (NLC). The guidelines for the electrode design are provided in this paper. The following are the three frequently asked questions: 1) What kinds of defects can exist in NLC? Points, lines, or walls? 2) How to generate a defect with a particular topological charge by setting proper boundary condition? 3) How to control the orientation of liquid crystal to have a defect with desired vorticity? The three questions can be answered by the three theories in physics: 1) Symmetry breaking in ordered material, 2) Euler characteristic and vectors in closed confinement, and 3) Minimization of free energy of NLC in electric field. Topological defects in spherical and toroidal confinements were generated in NLC cell and examined under polarized microscope. Radial and circular hedgehog defects were successfully created by fishbone- and coil-shaped patterned electrodes, respectively. By applying the three physical theories in NLC cell design, topological defects were successfully arranged in square and hexagonal arrays. They are large, stable, and re-configurable, and the applications in optics are demonstrated.
Experimental and Numerical Study Upon Uniformity of Impingement Cooling With Pin-Fin Heat Sink
(2020-01-01)
Chu, Wen-Xiao
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Chiou, Po-Hsiang
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Wang, Chi-Chuan
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機械工程學系
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
In this paper, the impingement cooling performance on pin-fin heat sinks is experimentally and numerically investigated with different outlet arrangements and pin-fin layouts. Compared with one-way opening arrangement, results show that the two-way opening arrangement can offer a much lower pressure loss (Delta p) due to shorter flow distance of airflow from outer jets. Meanwhile, it is surprising that the two-way opening arrangement still offers appreciable improvements on effective heat transfer coefficient (h(eff)). This is because the fountain may shift toward the outer jets more rapidly with one-way opening arrangement. Yet the implementation of staggered pin-fin layout has minor improvement on h(eff) . However, Delta p can be obviously reduced by 11.1% due to the more effective spreading of impinging airflow in radial direction. The h(eff) value can be further increased by 8.8% when a smaller jet-to-target distance is applied. With priority consideration of hot spots in electronic cooling, the nonuniformity of local Nusselt number (S) is further studied through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. S approaches 18.5% when the airflow directly impinges on a flat surface with optimized jet array. Implementing pin-fin heat sinks can reduce the nonuniformity of Nusselt number distribution to fall below 8.0%. The nonuniformity of local Nusselt number can be further reduced to 1.8% by applying four-way opening arrangement and larger central jet at the same time.
反思「數位資本主義」的機會與隱憂：2019台灣資訊社會研究學會年會紀要
(國立交通大學傳播與科技學系, 2020-01)
陳延昇
;
Yen-Shen Chen
Artificial Neural-Network-Based Pre-Distortion for High Loss-Budget 60-km Long-Reach Passive Optical Network
(2020-01-01)
Nguyen, Hong-Minh
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Huang, Szu-Chi
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Wei, Chia-Chien
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Chuang, Chun-Yen
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Chen, Jason Jyehong
High launch optical power can compensate for severe fading and power loss in long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs); however, it also aggravates nonlinear degradation, which necessitates the use of complex DSP-based nonlinear compensation techniques at optical network users (ONUs). DSP-related techniques also necessitate the use of additional hardware/software components by the receiver, which can greatly increase implementation costs and energy consumption, particularly when dealing with large-scale ONU deployment. This is the first study to propose artificial neural network (ANN)-based pre-distortion to eliminate the need for complex DSP at ONUs in a high-launch-power LR-PON, thereby permitting the use of a simplified architecture at the user end. In the first phase of the study, the proposed ANN-based pre-distortion scheme was implemented in a single-channel IMDD OFDM LR-PON, which achieved a data rate of >55 Gbps over 60-km transmission with a loss budget of 30 dB without the need for optical inline- or pre-amplification. In the second phase of experiments, the same scheme was applied to a 4-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) OFDM LR-PON. Here, the proposed scheme achieved data rates of >200 Gbps using launch power of 18 dBm per lane, resulting in a loss budget of roughly 29 dB over 60-km single mode fiber transmission.
Drawing from Grotowski and beyond: Kuo Pao Kun’s discourse on audiences in Singapore in the 1980s
(Routledge, 2020)
H. W. Ng
An Inkjet Printing Technique for Scalable Microfabrication of Graphene-Based Sensor Components
(2020-01-01)
Fu, Yu-Min
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Chou, Meng-Chuin
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Kang, Che-Hao
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Cheng, Yu-Ting
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Wu, Pu-Wei
This paper presents a versatile and precise graphene patterning technique using the combined process of masking and inkjet printing. A graphene-based structure is fabricated by first defining the structural pattern and position using a masking mold, which can be either electroplated copper or deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) silicon shadow mask, followed by inkjet deposition of graphene ink and lift-off. The hybrid technique can realize high-fidelity, high-resolution graphene-based microstructures including free-standing and cantilever beams, four-point resistive measurement structures, and piezoresistive sensing elements with a minimum line width of similar to 20 mu m. Moreover, this method can facilitate the micropatterning of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and SiO2/Si for selective cell culturing applications. Owing to the characteristics of low chemical usage, low process temperature and complexity, and high fiexibility and fault tolerance of inkjet printing, this technique demonstrates compelling potential for a variety of biomedical applications.
Google Trends-based non-English language query data and epidemic diseases: a cross-sectional study of the popular search behaviour in Taiwan
(2020-01-01)
Chang, Yu-Wei
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Chiang, Wei-Lun
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Wang, Wen-Hung
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Lin, Chun-Yu
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Hung, Ling-Chien
Objective This study developed a surveillance system suitable for monitoring epidemic outbreaks and assessing public opinion in non-English-speaking countries. We evaluated whether social media reflects social uneasiness and fear during epidemic outbreaks and natural catastrophes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Freely available epidemic data in Taiwan. Main outcome measure We used weekly epidemic incidence data obtained from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and online search query data obtained from Google Trends between 4 October 2015 and 2 April 2016. To validate whether non-English query keywords were useful surveillance tools, we estimated the correlation between online query data and epidemic incidence in Taiwan. Results With our approach, we noted that keywords (sic)& x5192; ('common cold'), & x767c;& x71d2; ('fever') and & x54b3;& x55fd; ('cough') exhibited good to excellent correlation between Google Trends query data and influenza incidence (r=0.898, p<0.001; r=0.773, p<0.001; r=0.796, p<0.001, respectively). They also displayed high correlation with influenza-like illness emergencies (r=0.900, p<0.001; r=0.802, p<0.001; r=0.886, p<0.001, respectively) and outpatient visits (r=0.889, p<0.001; r=0.791, p<0.001; r=0.870, p<0.001, respectively). We noted that the query & x8178;(sic)& x6bd2; ('enterovirus') exhibited excellent correlation with the number of enterovirus-infected patients in emergency departments (r=0.914, p<0.001). Conclusions These results suggested that Google Trends can be a good surveillance tool for epidemic outbreaks, even in Taiwan, the non-English-speaking country. Online search activity indicates that people are concerned about epidemic diseases, even if they do not visit hospitals. This prompted us to develop useful tools to monitor social media during an epidemic because such media usage reflects infectious disease trends more quickly than does traditional reporting.
Tone-induced split in stop category mapping by Korean learners of Mandarin Chinese
(2020-01-01)
Lee-Kim, Sang-Im
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外國語文學系
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Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures
The present study reports a novel case where a simple one-to-one category mapping may develop into a systematic one-to-two mapping over the course of second language acquisition. We examined the split in category mapping of the Mandarin unaspirated stops conditioned by tone by Korean-speaking learners of Mandarin Chinese (e.g. Mandarin /ta(35)/ to Korean lenis [ta] vs. Mandarin /ta(55)/ to Korean fortis [t'a]). Korean L2 learners and naive listeners participated in identification tasks in which f0 contours of Mandarin words containing unaspirated stops with short-lag VOTs were digitally manipulated. In word-initial position, learners showed a near-categorical perception from lenis to fortis as f0 increased, while most stimuli were identified as fortis by naive listeners. The effect of f0 was much smaller in word-medial position, but the group difference remained the same, confirming the two groups' differential use of phonetic cues for stop identification. Taken together, a substantial reorganization of perceptual cues, namely the promotion of f0 concurrent with significant underweighting of VOT cues, seems to have taken place during L2 acquisition. The findings were discussed with reference to PAM-L2 whereby the knowledge of the L2 phonological system along with particular phonetic properties of the L2 sounds may have driven a perceptual regrouping of the L2 stop categories.
A Novel Mutual Fractional Grey Bernoulli Model With Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Application in Education Investment Forecasting in China
(2020-01-01)
Xie, Wanli
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Pu, Bin
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Pei, Chunying
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Lee, Shin-Jye
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Kang, Yan
Nowadays, the nonlinear grey Bernoulli model [NGBM(1,1)] has been successfully applied to various fields. Its main advantage is that the power exponent can better reflect the non-linear characteristics of the original data. However, the parameters of the model (i.e., the order of accumulation, coefficient of background value, and power index) must be optimized to fit the development law of the system. In this study, a fractional non-linear grey Bernoulli model [MFNGBM (1,1)] is proposed to reduce the perturbation limit of the classical NGBM and further improve the accuracy of the model, which uses mutual fractional operators and a new optimization scheme with a differential evolution (DE) algorithm for forecasting education investment. In the scheme, the power exponent of the Bernoulli differential equation, coefficient of background, and cumulative order of the original sequence are taken as decision variables, and their optimal parameters obtained by iteratively adjusting fitness functions. The experimental evaluation is conducted on two types of open-source data, and the results show that the proposed method can be very competitive with the popular baselines. Finally, MFNGBM(1,1) is used to predict China & x2019;s education investment in 2020 & x2013;2025.
Politics of youth survival in times of crisis
(Routledge, 2020)
A. R. Beta