公理設計方法於產品設計決策之實證研究：以警報圖像設計為例

Abstract

產品的成功與否取決於其開發流程中之決策制定。而產品人機介面中圖像設計的決策問題特性在於圖像設計的決策目標沒有明確與有效的衡量方法以及可能的備選方案數量太多。因此，本研究嘗試以使用者對於圖像元件之偏好程度爲基礎，結合公理設計方法，以程序控制系統中之警報圖像設計爲例，對圖像設計的決策問題提出新的決策方法，使其能明確與有效的衡量決策目標，並能控制備選方案的數量，使決策者能根據此方法所預測的後果選取最好的方案。除了說明此方法的決策過程與步驟之外，再以一實驗驗證其預測後果之準確性。此實驗先透過問卷調查80位化學工程系的大學生對於警報圖像元件之偏好程度，再以此爲基礎產生六組警報圖像設計之備選方案，並應用公理設計方法對此六組方案進行篩選與排序，最後以另外96位化學工程系大學生爲實驗的受測者，依六組圖像設計之備選方案分爲六組，即每一組有16位受測者，以電腦測驗方式紀錄受測者對於備選方案圖像辨識的正確率與答題時間，再以統計分析方式得到實驗結果。實驗發現在考慮圖像辨認正確率與答題時間下，實驗結果與以公理設計方法所得到的結果一致。因此，公理設計方法應能有效地應用於程序控制系統之警報圖像設計決策問題。最後討論有關此方法之精鍊與應用範圍之擴展的可能未來研究方向。

The success of a product depends on decision makings in its development process. The characteristics of the decision problem about icon designs in human machine interfaces are no effective tools for explicitly measuring decision objectives and too many possible alternatives. Thus, a new approach was proposed to solve these problems. A case study on alarm icon design for process control systems was used to demonstrate how the axiomatic design method with users' preferences on icon elements as inputs works for measuring the decision objectives, eliminating undesired alternatives, and suggesting the optimal alternative. Finally, this approach was verified by an experiment. Six set of icon designs were generated based on the preferences on icon elements from 80 undergraduate students majoring in chemical engineering, then the priority of these six sets was suggested by applying the axiomatic design method. An experiment with other 96 chemical engineering undergraduate students as subjects in six groups was conducted to verify the method. It was found that the experiment result was consistent with the outcome from the axiomatic design method in terms of the correctness rate of icon identification and the time spent for judgment. Therefore, the axiomatic design method was concluded to be useful as a decision tool for designing alarm icons in process control systems. The refinement of the method and the extension of its applications were discussed as further research directions.