道路邊坡高效能監測系統研發與崩塌預警基準制訂

Abstract

台灣多丘陵與山地，鐵公路系統大多位於山區。然而，台灣山區平均年降雨量高，每每大雨過後有很多路段都出現嚴重坍方或路基流失而造成阻斷，因此，山區道路邊坡的不穩定，直接影響道路使用者之安全。關於邊坡之整治，過去幾年之研究已提供許多重要之政策研擬參考方向，目前仍有許多重要之研究案正進行中或準備進行。然而，許多重要路段，或一再發生邊坡崩塌災害、或已有災害發生之潛能或徵兆、或因其重要性而有必要長期監控邊坡安全，均已設置或有必要設置邊坡安全監測系統，透過實測加以分析、研判並提供作為道路管理者之重要參考。本研究計畫第一年完成的工作項目包括：（1）文獻蒐集與整理；（2）傳統感測系統監測能量評估與彙整；（3）實驗室光纖監測與TDR監測技術與系統之研發與量測研究；（4）初步現地安裝與量測試驗研究；（5）崩塌預警基準制訂。第二年將延續第一年之研究成果，持續完成下列工作項目，包括：（1）監測技術之改善與研發；（2）監測技術評估；（3）現地監測與量測；（4）崩塌預警基準制訂範例；（5）先進科技於邊坡崩塌監測之推廣講習會。本計畫已研發成功光纖光柵彎曲變形監測管可以做地層移動監測之用，一系列使用TDR技術之監測系統包括地層錯動，水位監測，線性伸張以及雨量計等監測儀器也已研發完成，在未來將持續投入研究，以達研究計畫之目的。

A significant part of Taiwan is covered by mountains, most of the roadway systems are located in hilly areas. At the same time, Taiwan is rich in precipitation, serious landslides or loss of foundation materials often occur after rainfalls. The instability of the roadway slopes directly affects the safety of the highway users. There have been research efforts to establish policies for handling the safety of roadway slopes and some of the research works are underway. Many important sections of roadways have been monitored and analyzed either due to previous failure or signs of potential failure. The results of instrumentation have been used as a basis for the management of these roadways. The objectives of this two-year research project are to: (1) advance our capabilities in slope stability monitoring; (2) assure that the instrumentation data substantially reflect the actual conditions of the slope; (3) improve cost effectiveness of monitoring system; and (4) establish guidelines in developing a warning system that incorporates the instrumentation system. The execution of the first-year project major tasks include: (1) literature collection and organization; (2) evaluation of conventional slope stability monitoring systems; (3) laboratory developments of fiber optic and TDR sensors; (4) preliminary field implementation of fiber optic and TDR sensor systems, and (5) development of guidelines for the establishment of warning systems. A ground movement monitoring system based on fiber optic gratings has been developed. A series of TDR technology based sensor devices which include a ground disruption movement sensor, an extensometer, a ground water level sensor, and a rainfall metering device have also been developed. The warning system development which included classification of landslides types, case histories on the use of a warning system, methodology of establishing a warning system have been completed.