資料包絡分析中雙重角色變數之前瞻研究—理論與應用

Abstract

在服務系統的多個重點應用領域中，有兩個重要的決策問題—績效評估與資源分配， 其決策的關鍵在於了解資源投入與產出間的轉換關係，但是受限於服務系統的特性，往 往無法應用傳統生產製造系統中由下而上(bottom-up)的工程手法。生產經濟學 (production economics)與資料包絡分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)的巨觀「投入- 產出模型」分析，是一個可行且有效的方法。然而在實務上仍存在有一個未解的挑戰— 雙重角色變數(dual-role factors)，即某些變數既是投入，也同時是產出的問題。 為回應來自服務系統績效評估與資源分配決策實務案例應用的挑戰，本研究之終極 目標在於探討「投入-產出模型」中的雙重角色變數問題，以使績效評估與資源分配決 策能更完整、有效。本研究計畫將分三大主題在三年內依序完成，第一年的預定目標是 建立一能包含雙重角色變數的生產技術(production technology)，和估計生產技術的理論 分析架構；並搭配傳統技術效率(technical efficiency)的概念，以推導DEA 績效評估模型 的正確性和理解模型背後所隱含的假設和管理意涵。延續第一年的成果，第二年將建構 一能納入社會福祉的考量的全面性產業間(inter-industry)競爭力指標，以進行完整 的產業績效評估，使政府在決定重點扶植產業與國家資源配置時能有一適當的參 考依據。第三年將探究衛生署住院醫師員額管控分配決策，希望提出一有效的住 院醫師員額分配機制使各專科的供給與需求能做合理的調配，研究結果可做為衛 生署員額管控決策參考。本研究的成果除在學理上是新的突破外，對國家政策、產業 實務也將有所貢獻。

In various service systems, there are two important decisions—performance evaluation and resource allocation. Proper understanding of the input-output transformation process in service systems is critical to maintain decision quality. Conventional bottom-up engineering approaches, commonly used in production and manufacturing systems, do not work effectively for service systems due to their characteristics. Production economics and data envelopment (DEA), taking from a macro viewpoint, utilize input-output analysis to resolve the challenge. In some cases, however, some factors can be both inputs and outputs simultaneously, and are termed dual-role factors. For example, research funding can be an input that strengthens a university’s academic performance and the actual funds can be an output. There is limited literature studying dual-role factors. Therefore, the proposed research will investigate the dual-role factors in input-output analysis and the associated applications, such as government and health systems. Three major topics will be studied over a three-year time frame. In topic ONE, rather than proposing an ad hoc evaluation model directly, this study will propose a joint technology by summarizing the intuitive thinking. The efficiency evaluation models, based on variant assumptions, thus can be axiomatically derived, validated and extended. In topic TWO, inter- industry performance evaluation, considering both welfare and productivity, will be investigated. Labor is a dual-role factor under this circumstance. An overall performance index, compositing the needs for both business owners and citizens, thus should and will be developed and studied. Topic THREE studies the resource allocation in Taiwan health systems, particularly the resident allocation, which is a serious problem nowadays. A centralized decision model for allocating residents to hospitals is presented as a decision aid to the health care authority. If concluded successfully, new knowledge will contribute to academia, and the empirical study will provide decision aids to national policies.