Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2002-09-15"

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Modeling self-consistent multi-class dynamic traffic flow
(2002-09-15)
Cho, HJ
;
Lo, SC
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
In this study, we present a systematic self-consistent multiclass multilane traffic model derived from the vehicular Boltzmann equation and the traffic dispersion model. The multilane domain is considered as a two-dimensional space and the interaction among vehicles in the domain is described by a dispersion model. The reason we consider a multilane domain as a two-dimensional space is that the driving behavior of road users may not be restricted by lanes, especially motorcyclists. The dispersion model, which is a nonlinear Poisson equation, is derived from the car-following theory and the equilibrium assumption. Under the concept that all kinds of users share the finite section, the density is distributed on a road by the dispersion model. In addition, the dynamic evolution of the traffic flow is determined by the systematic gas-kinetic model derived from the Boltzmann equation. Multiplying Boltzmann equation by the zeroth, first- and second-order moment functions, integrating both side of the equation and using chain rules, we can derive continuity, motion and variance equation, respectively. However, the second-order moment function, which is the square of the individual velocity, is employed by previous researches does not have physical meaning in traffic flow. Although the second-order expansion results in the velocity variance equation, additional terms may be generated. The velocity variance equation we propose is derived from multiplying Boltzmann equation by the individual velocity variance. It modifies the previous model and presents a new gas-kinetic traffic flow model. By coupling the gas-kinetic model and the dispersion model, a self-consistent system is presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A simple algorithm to find the steps of double-loop networks
(2002-09-15)
Chan, RCF
;
Chen, CY
;
Hong, ZX
;
應用數學系
;
Department of Applied Mathematics
Double-loop networks have been widely studied as architecture for local area networks and it is well-known that the minimum distance diagram of a double-loop network yields an L-shape. Given an N, it is desirable to find a double-loop network DL(N;s(1),s(2)) with its diameter being the minimum among all double-loop networks with N stations. Since the diameter can be easily computed from an L-shape, one method is to start with a desirable L-shape and then asks whether there exist s(1) and s(2) (also called the steps of the double-loop network) to realize it. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient algorithm to find s(1) and s(2), which is based on the Smith normalization method of Aguilo, Esque and Fiol. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A photonic device compatible process in fabricating tunable Fabry-Perot filter
(2002-09-15)
Lin, WT
;
Chiou, JC
;
Chou, BCS
;
電控工程研究所
;
Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering
A photonic device compatible low temperature process that is suitable for fabricating tunable Fabry-Perot filter is proposed in this paper [1]. The advantages of the presented process consist of (1) materials used in this process are compatible with existing optical or IC process; (2) process and detected spectra are not limited by different substrates. Experimental results of the manufactured tunable Fabry-Perot filter indicated that the full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) is closed to 1.3 nm and the measurement of reflectance of distributed Bragg reflectors is up to 99%. Note that within the 10 nm experimental tuning range, the FWHM is kept close to 1.3 nm with tuning voltage from 0 to 30 V. The experimental results showed that the presented process has potential to apply to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) specifications of optical telecommunication. In particular, the process would also be integrated to fabricate tunable VCSEL processes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
中秋夜來大安公園曬月亮
(2002-09-17)
蔡惠萍
Comparison of poly-Si films deposited by UHVCVD and LPCVD and its application for thin film transistors
(2002-09-26)
Peng, DZ
;
Zan, HW
;
Shih, PS
;
Chang, TC
;
Lin, CW
The ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD) system can deposit poly-Si film without any laser or furnace annealing. The uniformity of threshold voltage and mobility is superior to that deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) system. However, due to the deposition in polycrystalline phase for UHVCVD, the film surface is rough and results in low field effect mobility compared to that obtained by LPCVD using disilane (Si2H6) in amorphous phase followed by solid phase crystallization (SPC). The on-off current ratio for UHVCVD deposited poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) is approximately one order smaller, however, the leakage current for LPCVD SPC TFTs is higher. In this experiment, NH3 was introduced to both of the two samples to improve the device performance. It can be shown that improvements on device characteristics are more significant for UHVCVD deposited poly-Si TFTs, e.g. threshold voltage decreased dramatically and the on-off current ratio improved by two orders of magnitude. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A W-spacer GOLD TFT with high performance and high reliability
(2002-09-26)
Zan, HW
;
Peng, DZ
;
Shih, PS
;
Chang, TC
;
Liu, PT
In this paper, we successfully fabricated Gate-Overlapped Lightly-doped Drain (GOLD) polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) with selectively deposited spacers. Under appropriate deposition conditions, tungsten (W) films can be selectively deposited on poly-Si gate electrodes to form spacers without any additional etching process. Compared to the conventional poly-Si TFTs without LDD structures, our devices effectively suppress the kink effect and the punch-through phenomenon in short-channel devices. The hot-carrier reliability of our devices is also improved due to the reduced electric field on the drain side. In addition, the transconductance of our devices is compatible to that of conventional devices. This is because the W-spacer acts as a part of gate electrode to induce channel when the device is operated under ON state. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A note on the ultimate categorical matching in a graph
(2002-09-28)
Hsu, LH
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
Let m(G) denote the number of vertices covered by a maximum matching in a graph G. The ultimate categorical matching m*(G) is defined as m*(G) = lim(n-->infinity)m(G(n))(1/n) where the categorical graph product is used. In (Discrete Math. 232 (2001) 1), Albert et al. ask that "Is there a graph G, with at least one edge, such that for all graphs H, m* (G x H) = m * (G)m * (H)?". Actually, m*(G x H) = m*(G)m*(H) holds for any graphs G and H with the previous result of Hsu et al. (Discrete Math. 65 (1987) 53). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Fault-tolerant hamiltonian laceability of hypercubes
(2002-09-30)
Tsai, CH
;
Tan, JJM
;
Liang, TN
;
Hsu, LH
;
資訊工程學系
It is known that every hypercube Q(n) is a bipartite graph. Assume that n greater than or equal to 2 and F is a subset of edges with F less than or equal to n - 2. We prove that there exists a hamiltonian path in Q(n) - F between any two vertices of different partite sets. Moreover, there exists a path of length 2(n) - 2 between any two vertices of the same partite set. Assume that n greater than or equal to 3 and F is a subset of edges with F less than or equal to n - 3. We prove that there exists a hamiltonian path in Q(n) - {v} - F between any two vertices in the partite set without v. Furthermore, all bounds are tight. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Analysis of low-frequency noise in boron-doped polycrystalline silicon-germanium resistors
(2002-09-30)
Chen, KM
;
Huang, GW
;
Chiu, DY
;
Huang, HJ
;
Chang, CY
Low-frequency noise in boron-doped polycrystalline silicon-germanium (poly-Si1-xGex) resistors at various temperatures is studied. The poly-Si1-xGex films with 0%similar to36% Ge content were grown using ultrahigh vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy system. We find that the low-frequency noise in poly-Si1-xGex decreases with increasing Ge content, due to the lower potential barrier height of grain boundaries in higher Ge content samples. Moreover, the low-frequency noise decreases with increasing temperature. These results are well explained by the carrier mobility fluctuation model. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
Novel electro-optic sampling system with an optoelectronic phase-locked phase shifter as a delay-time controller
(2002-10-01)
Lin, GR
;
Chang, YC
;
光電工程學系
;
Department of Photonics
An inherently delay-time-tunable pulsed laser diode controlled by a voltage-adjusted optoelectronic phase shifter is employed to realize a novel electro-optic sampling system without use of a conventional opto-mechanic delay line. The maximum scanning speed, time, responsivity. and resolution of the optoelectronic delay line are 100 points/s, 3.6ns (1.8 periods), 0.54ns/V, and 0.2ps. respectively. The waveform-sampling of a sinusoidal signal at 500MHz and an electrical pulse with 91.5-ps full-width at half-maximum generated from a microwave oscillator and comb generator. respectively, are reported with measurement error of less than 5%.
Adaptive order tracking technique using recursive least-square algorithm
(2002-10-01)
Bai, MSR
;
Jeng, J
;
Chen, CY
;
機械工程學系
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Order tracking technique is one of the important tools for diagnosis of rotating machinery Conventional methods of order tracking are primarily based on Fourier analysis with reference to shaft speed. Resampling is generally required in the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based methods to compromise between time and frequency resolution for varying shaft speeds. Conventional methods suffer from a number of shortcomings. In particular smearing problems arise when closely spaced orders or crossing orders are present. Conventional methods also are ineffective for the applications involving multiple independent shaft speeds. This paper presents an adaptive order tracking technique based on the Recursive Least-Squares (RLS) algorithm to overcome the problems encountered in conventional methods. In the proposed method, the problem is treated as the tracking of frequency-varying bandpass signals. Order amplitudes can be calculated with high resolution by using the proposed method in real-time fashion. The RLS order tracking technique is applicable whether it is a single-axle or multi-axle system.
Low-power adaptive pseudo noise code acquisition for spread-spectrum systems
(2002-10-01)
Wu, ML
;
Wen, KA
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
A novel pseudo noise code acquisition combined with the newly proposed adaptive sampling rate and threshold control (ASTC) algorithm is derived for low-power spread-spectrum systems with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor implementations. Low-power performance can be achieved by reducing the sampling rate of the proposed system while maintaining the system performance. The sampling rate is dynamically updated due to the change of the channel noise level. Under the assumptions that the channel is additive white Gaussian noise slow-fading channel, up to 74.3% reduction in power consumption compared to the conventional fixed-sampling rate and fixed-threshold architecture is demonstrated with insignificant increase of system complexity. The proposed architecture can be applied to the design of low-power and controllable-performance spread-spectrum communication systems.
Trimethylchlorosilane treatment of ultralow dielectric constant material after photoresist removal processing
(2002-10-01)
Chang, TC
;
Mor, YS
;
Liu, PT
;
Tsai, TM
;
Chen, CW
The dielectric properties of organic-porous silica films deteriorate after photoresist removal processing. O-2 plasma ashing has been commonly used to remove photoresist. Nevertheless, the O-2 plasma will destroy the functional groups and induce moisture uptake in porous silica films. In this study, trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) is used to repair the damage to porous silica caused by the O-2 plasma ashing process. The leakage current and dielectric constant will decrease significantly after the TMCS treatment is applied to damaged porous silica. These experimental results show that the TMCS treatment is a promising technique to repair the damage to porous silica during photoresist removal processing. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
Effect of microstructure on the electron-phonon interaction in the disordered metals Pd60Ag40
(2002-10-01)
Zhong, YL
;
Lin, JJ
;
Kao, LY
;
物理研究所
;
Institute of Physics
Using the weak-localization method, we have measured the electron-phonon scattering times tau(ep) in Pd60Ag40 thick films prepared by dc- and rf-sputtering deposition techniques. In both series of samples, we find an anomalous 1/tau(ep)proportional toT(2)l temperature and disorder dependence, where l is the electron elastic mean free path. This anomalous behavior cannot be explained in terms of the current concepts for the electron-phonon interaction in impure conductors. Our result also reveals that the strength of the electron-phonon coupling is much stronger in the dc- than rf-sputtered films, suggesting that the electron-phonon interaction is not only sensitive to the total level of disorder, but is also sensitive to the microscopic quality of the disorder.
Generating learning sequences for decision makers through data mining and competence set expansion
(2002-10-01)
Hu, YC
;
Chen, RS
;
Tzeng, GH
;
科技管理研究所
;
資訊管理與財務金融系註：原資管所+財金所
For each decision problem, there is a competence set, proposed by Yu, consisting of ideas, knowledge, information, and skills required for solving the problem. Thus, it is reasonable that we view a set of useful patterns discovered from a relational database by data mining techniques as a needed competence set for solving one problem. Significantly, when decision makers have not acquired the competence set, they may lack confidence in making decisions. In order to effectively acquire a needed competence set to cope with the corresponding problem, it is necessary to find appropriate learning sequences of acquiring those useful patterns, the so-called competence set expansion. This paper thus proposes an effective method consisting of two phases to generate learning sequences. The first phase finds a competence set consisting of useful patterns by using a proposed data mining technique. The other phase expands that competence set with minimum learning cost by the minimum spanning table method proposed by Feng and Yu. From a numerical example, we can see that it is possible to help decision makers to solve the decision problems by use of the data mining technique and the competence set expansion, enabling them to make better decisions.
QoS-guaranteed fuzzy transmission controller for dynamic TDMA protocol in multimedia communication systems
(2002-10-01)
Ren, FC
;
Chang, CJ
;
Cheng, RG
;
電信工程研究所
;
Institute of Communications Engineering
The paper proposes a QoS-guaranteed fuzzy transmission controller (FTC) for the dynamic TDMA protocol in multimedia communication systems. The dynamic TDMA protocol adopts a mini-slot technique for reducing contention cost, and the mini-slots are further partitioned into multiple MAC regions that users can access with their respective quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. The FTC mainly contains a Sugeno self-tuning fuzzy MAC threshold controller and a fuzzy access controller. The former applies a position-gradient-type reasoning method to properly determine the MAC regions; the latter employs max-min inference fuzzy logic to determine the access probabilities of users for enhancing dynamic TDMA efficiency under the QoS constraint. Simulation results show that the dynamic TDMA protocol with FTC can always guarantee the QoS requirement of real-time packet loss probability, regardless of the non-real-time traffic loads. Furthermore, it achieves higher system utilisation and less non-real-time packet delay compared to previously proposed PRMA, IPRMA and FRMA protocols.
On the applicability of the longest-match rule in lexical analysis
(2002-10-01)
Yang, W
;
Tsay, CW
;
Chan, JT
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
The lexical analyzer of a compiler usually adopts the longest-match rule to resolve ambiguities when deciding the next token in the input stream. However, that rule may not be applicable in all situations. Because the longest-match rule is widely used, a language designer or a compiler implementor frequently overlooks the subtle implications of the rule. The consequence is either a flawed language design or a deficient implementation. We propose a method that automatically checks the applicability of the longest-match rule and identifies precisely the situations in which that rule is not applicable. The method is useful to both language designers and compiler implementors. In particular, the method is indispensable to automatic generators of language translation systems since, without the method, the generated lexical analyzers can only blindly apply the longest-match rule and this results in erroneous behaviors. The crux of the method consists of two algorithms: one is to compute the regular set of the sequences of tokens produced by a nondeterministic Mealy automaton when the automaton processes elements of an input regular set. The other is to determine whether a regular set and a context-free language have nontrivial intersection with a set of equations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Secret image sharing
(2002-10-01)
Thien, CC
;
Lin, JC
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
Molecular alignment and field-induced reorientation in a twisted nematic liquid crystal pi-cell
(2002-10-01)
Shih, WT
;
Huang, JY
;
光電工程學系
;
Department of Photonics
A twisted nematic pi-cell has been studied by optical transmission measurement, polarized Fourier-transform infrared (pFTIR) absorption spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our pFTIR results suggest that the LC molecules undergo a restricted rotation about the molecular long axis. The rise and decay times of the optical response were found to be 6 ms and 1.6 ms, respectively. The switching dynamics of the twisted pi-cell was also studied using time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. A normal mode associated with the C-H out-of-plane wag on the LC core was found to be enhanced after the electric field was switched off. Our data show that LC molecules in the twisted pi-cell do not rotate like a rigid molecule during the field-induced reorientation process. The methods employed in this study have yielded valuable information about LC alignment and field-induced reorientation with respect to functional group specificity.
New applications of an old theory - The Rouse theory - in polymer dynamics and viscoelasticity
(2002-10-01)
Lin, YH
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
As recently shown by a close agreement between the calculated and measured viscoelastic spectra of a binary blend solution over a wide frequency range, the quantitative validity of the Rouse theory is discussed, pointing out why the traditional way of testing by a single parameter - the viscosity - is misleading. A "bird's-eye" view of the Rouse theory in relation to various aspects of polymer dynamics and viscoelasticity is shown. This represents a fresh way of looking at some of interrelations between fundamental problems in chain dynamics. This paper illustrates the application potential of the Rouse theory by reviewing the research schemes that make use of the well-tested theory to elucidate two fundamental problems : (1) onset of entanglement and (2) the motions associated with a single Rouse segment. It is shown that through careful designs of research, analyses in terms of the Rouse theory can provide vitally important and informing results.