Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2010-11-01"

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具避障以及力感決策之互動式照護機器人
(2010-11-01)
柯春旭
;
楊谷洋
;
游勝雄
;
黃一哲
;
張慧藏
本發明提供一種具避障以及力感決策之互動式照護機器人，其主要係在架體上設置被動馬達控制輪子轉動，再以握力感測器偵測使用者手握持力，以及測距感測器偵測前方障礙物，被動馬達並可以反傳一反作用力值，透過反作用力值以及使用者手握持力之一控制訊號，可以推知使用者意圖，進一步控制機器人動作，且行進之間，可以利用測距感測器之一閃避訊號控制機器人避障；是以，確保使用者有自主性移動能力，藉機訓練其運動協調，此外，更以意圖感測之方式作動力補償機制，讓使用者可以輕鬆操作。
Statistical Simulation of Static Noise Margin Variability in Static Random Access Memory
(2010-11-01)
Li, Yiming
;
Cheng, Hui-Wen
;
Han, Ming-Hung
;
傳播研究所
;
電機工程學系
In this paper, we examine the impact of random-dopant-fluctuation (RDF), process-variation-effect (PVE), and workfunction-fluctuation (WKF), on 16-nm-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET) static random access memory (SRAM) cells. For planar MOSFETs with a threshold voltage (V(th)) of 140mV, the nominal static noise margin (SNM) of six-transistor (6T)-SRAM with unitary cell ratio (CR) is only 20mV; and the normalized SNM fluctuations (SNM) induced by RDF, PVE, and WKF are 80%, 31%, and 48%, respectively, which may damage SRAM's operation. Two improvement approaches are further implemented; first, eight-transistor (8T)-SRAM and 6T-SRAM with increased CR are examined. Compared with the conventional 6T-SRAM, under the same Vth, the SNM of 8T-SRAM is enlarged to 233 mV and the corresponding RDF, PVE, and WKF-induced SNM are reduced to 9.5%, 6.4%, and 7%, respectively, at a cost of 30% extra chip area. Without increasing chip area, device with raised Vth, doping profile engineering and using silicon-on-insulator fin-type field-effect transistors (SOI FinFETs) are further advanced. The 6T SOI FinFETs SRAM exhibits the smallest sigma SNM, with merely 5.3%, 1.2%, and 2.3%, resulting from RDF, PVE, and WKF, respectively, where the value of SNM is equal to 125 mV.
Scan-Cell Reordering for Minimizing Scan-Shift Power Based on Nonspecified Test Cubes
(2010-11-01)
Wu, Yu-Ze
;
Chao, Mango C. -T.
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
This article presents several scan-cell reordering techniques to reduce the signal transitions during the test mode while preserving the don't-care bits in the test patterns for a later optimization. Combined with a pattern-filling technique, the proposed scan-cell reordering techniques can utilize both high response correlations and pattern correlations to simultaneously minimize scan-out and scan-in transitions. Those scan-shift transitions can be further reduced by selectively using the inverse connections between scan cells. In addition, the trade-off between routing overhead and power consumption can also be controlled by the proposed scan-cell reordering techniques. A series of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of each of the proposed techniques individually.
The Impact of Layout-Dependent STI Stress and Effective Width on Low-Frequency Noise and High-Frequency Performance in Nanoscale nMOSFETs
(2010-11-01)
Yeh, Kuo-Liang
;
Guo, Jyh-Chyurn
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
The impact of channel width scaling on low-frequency noise (LFN) and high-frequency performance in multifinger MOSFETs is reported in this paper. The compressive stress from shallow trench isolation (STI) cannot explain the lower LFN in extremely narrow devices. STI top corner rounding (TCR)-induced Delta W is identified as an important factor that is responsible for the increase in transconductance G(m) and the reduction in LFN with width scaling to nanoscale regime. A semi-empirical model was derived to simulate the effective mobility (mu(eff)) degradation from STI stress and the increase in effective width (W(eff)) from Delta W due to STI TCR. The proposed model can accurately predict width scaling effect on G(m) based on a tradeoff between mu(eff) and W(eff). The enhanced STI stress may lead to an increase in interface traps density (N(it)), but the influence is relatively minor and can be compensated by the W(eff) effect. Unfortunately, the extremely narrow devices suffer f(T) degradation due to an increase in C(gg). The investigation of impact from width scaling on mu(eff), G(m), and LFN, as well as the tradeoff between LFN and high-frequency performance, provides an important layout guideline for analog and RF circuit design.
Synthesis and phase width of new quaternary selenides Pb(x)Sn(6-x)Bi(2)Se(9) (x=0-4.36)
(2010-11-01)
Chen, Kuei-Bo
;
Lee, Chi-Shen
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
Quaternary chalcogenides Pb(x)Sn(6-x)Bi(2)Se(9) (x=0-4.36) were synthesized with solid-state methods; their structures were determined from the X-ray diffraction of single crystals. Pb(x)Sn(6-x)Bi(2)Se(9) crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group Cmcm (No. 63); the structure features a three-dimensional framework containing slabs of NaCl-(3 1 1) type that exhibits identical layers containing seven octahedra units, which expand along the direction [0 1 0]. Each slab contains fused rectangular units that are connected to each other with M-Se contacts in a distorted octahedral environment. Calculations of the band structure, measurements of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity confirm that these compounds are n-type semiconductors with small band gaps and large electrical conductivities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fuzzy Modeling and Synchronization of Chaotic Quantum Cellular Neural Networks Nano System via a Novel Fuzzy Model and Its Implementation on Electronic Circuits
(2010-11-01)
Ge, Zheng-Ming
;
Li, Shih-Yu
;
機械工程學系
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
In this paper, a new fuzzy model is presented to simulate Quantum cellular neural networks nano system (called Quantum-CNN system). Through the new fuzzy model, the Quantum-CNN system is linearized to a simple form-linear coupling of two linear subsystems. Quantum-CNN system is a complicated nonlinear system. There are too more nonlinear terms in its dynamic equations, such as radical terms, square terms, sin and cos terms, etc. If the traditional T-S fuzzy model is used here, there would be 16 fuzzy rules and even 64 linear equations for modeling such a complex system. It is definitely an inefficient work. As a result, by using the new fuzzy model, the numbers of fuzzy rules can be reduced from 2(N) to 2 x N (where N is the number of nonlinear terms) and only two subsystems exist. Moreover, the LMI-based fuzzy synchronization of two fuzzy chaotic Q-CNN systems and its related theorem is proposed as well. Via using the new fuzzy model, only two feedback gains are needed in the fuzzy controllers. Finally, via using Taylor's expansion, the complicated nonlinear terms can be expanded to series form, and then the simplified Q-CNN system can be implemented on electronic circuits for secure communication. Simulation results in MATLAB and implementation of electronic circuits are given to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the new fuzzy model and the new approaches.
Mechanical bending effect on the photo leakage currents characteristic of amorphous silicon thin film transistors
(2010-11-01)
Wang, M. C.
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Tsao, S. W.
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Chang, T. C.
;
Lin, Y. P.
;
Liu, Po-Tsun
The photo leakage current (I(PLC)) characteristic of a-Si:H TFTs under different bending strains has been studied. The larger I(PLC) of a-Si:H TFTs under the outward bending strain is due to larger conductivity of a-Si:H, stemmed from the shift up of Fermi level (E(F)). Experimental results show the I(PLC) of a-Si:H TFTs under the outward bending strain is larger than that of flattened and inward bending a-Si:H TFTs in the density of states (DOS) limited region, stemmed from the lower recombination centers present in outward bending a-Si:H material. Furthermore, the extracted smaller activity energy (E(a)) of a-Si:H TFTs under the outward bending strain also confirmed the shift of E(F). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Subcooled flow boiling heat transfer and associated bubble characteristics of FC-72 on a heated micro-pin-finned silicon chip
(2010-11-01)
Chang, W. R.
;
Chen, C. A.
;
Ke, J. H.
;
Lin, T. F.
;
機械工程學系
Experiments are conducted here to investigate subcooled flow boiling heat transfer and associated bubble characteristics of FC-72 on a heated micro-pin-finned silicon chip flush-mounted on the bottom of a horizontal rectangular channel. In the experiments the mass flux is varied from 287 to 431 kg/m(2) s, coolant inlet subcooling from 2.3 to 4.3 degrees C, and imposed heat flux from 1 to 10 W/cm(2). Besides, the silicon chips contain three different geometries of micro-structures, namely, the smooth, pin-finned 200 and pin-finned 100 surfaces. The pin-finned 200 and 100 surfaces, respectively, contain micro-pin-fins of size 200 mu m x 200 mu m x 70 mu m (width x length x height) and 100 mu m x 100 mu m x 70 mu m. The measured data show that the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient is reduced at increasing inlet liquid subcooling but is little affected by the coolant mass flux. Besides, adding the micro-pin-fin structures to the chip surface can effectively raise the single-phase convection and flow boiling heat transfer coefficients. Moreover, the mean bubble departure diameter and active nucleation site density are reduced for rises in the FC-72 mass flux and inlet liquid subcooling. Increasing coolant mass flux or reducing inlet liquid subcooling results in a higher mean bubble departure frequency. Furthermore, larger bubble departure diameter, higher bubble departure frequency, and higher active nucleation site density are observed as the imposed heat flux is increased. Finally, empirical correlations for the present data for the heat transfer and bubble characteristics in the FC-72 subcooled flow boiling are proposed. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
精細頻寬調控的仲裁器及其仲裁方法
(2010-11-01)
黃俊達
;
林步青
;
李耿維
;
周景揚
一種精細頻寬調控的仲裁器及其仲裁方法，在複數個主控裝置提出匯流排使用要求時決定該匯流排的使用權，該些主控裝置具有即時及/或頻寬需求，且分別被預設一票數，該仲裁器包括一即時處理器、一頻寬調節器以及一加權隨機仲裁管理器。該即時處理器同意最緊急的匯流排使用要求，該頻寬調節器根據該些主控裝置的頻寬需求是否已滿足，並限制該些已滿足頻寬需求的主控裝置提出匯流排使用要求，該加權隨機仲裁管理器根據該些主控裝置的票數及該些主控裝置提出匯流排使用要求的情形，加權隨機地同意其中一匯流排使用要求。
Estimation of the simple correlation coefficient
(2010-11-01)
Shieh, Gwowen
;
管理科學系
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Department of Management Science
This article investigates some unfamiliar properties of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient for the estimation of simple correlation coefficient. Although Pearson's r is biased, except for limited situations, and the minimum variance unbiased estimator has been proposed in the literature, researchers routinely employ the sample correlation coefficient in their practical applications, because of its simplicity and popularity. In order to support such practice, this study examines the mean squared errors of r and several prominent formulas. The results reveal specific situations in which the sample correlation coefficient performs better than the unbiased and nearly unbiased estimators, facilitating recommendation of r as an effect size index for the strength of linear association between two variables. In addition, related issues of estimating the squared simple correlation coefficient are also considered.
Architecture Design of Belief Propagation for Real-Time Disparity Estimation
(2010-11-01)
Tseng, Yu-Cheng
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Chang, Tian-Sheuan
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
Belief propagation based algorithms perform best in disparity estimation but suffer from high computational complexity and storage, especially in message passing. This paper proposes an efficient architecture design with three techniques to solve the problems. For the memory storage, we propose the spinning-message and the sliding-bipartite node plane that can reduce memory cost to 1.2% for image-scale algorithms and 23.4% for block-scale algorithms, when compared to the traditional approach. For the logic complexity, we propose a buffer-free processing element architecture that has 3.6 times hardware efficiency of the previous work. The three proposed techniques could be applied to various belief propagation based algorithms to save significant hardware cost as well as approach real-time speed.
Silicon Rice-Straw Array Emitters and Their Superior Electron Field Emission
(2010-11-01)
Wu, Hung-Chi
;
Tsai, Hung-Yin
;
Chiu, Hsin-Tien
;
Lee, Chi-Young
;
應用化學系
Free standing and vertically aligned silicon rice-straw like array emitters were fabricated by modified electroless metal deposition (EMD), using HFH(2)C(2) as an erching solution to reduce the emitter density and to make the emitter end of the formed silicon rice-straw arrays shaper than those formed by conventional EMD. These silicon rice-straw array emitters can be turned on at E(0) = 4.7 V/mu m, yielding an EFE (electron field emission) current density of f(c) = 139 mu A/cm(2) in an applied field of 12.8 V/mu m. According to a simple simulation, the excellent EFE performance of the silicon rice-straw array emitters originates in not only the favorable distribution of emitter arrays, but also the shape of the emitter apexes. The modified-EMD method is easily scaled up without expensive equipment, so silicon rice-straw array emitters are a promising alternative to silicon-based field emitters.
Functional Fe(3)O(4)@ZnO magnetic nanoparticle-assisted enrichment and enzymatic digestion of phosphoproteins from saliva
(2010-11-01)
Chen, Wei-Yu
;
Chen, Yu-Chie
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
Saliva contains various proteins, particularly abundant are phosphoproteins, that may be related to disease occurrences and that play significant roles in a biological system. Thus, medical diagnostics will benefit tremendously if disease-related protein biomarkers are discovered from saliva. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an approach using functional zinc oxide coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)@ZnO MNPs) as affinity probes to selectively enrich phosphoproteins from complex saliva samples and as microwave absorbers to assist the enrichment and subsequent tryptic digestion of trapped proteins under microwave heating. The target species trapped by MNPs were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) combined with protein database search. Entire analysis time was shortened to less than 20 min. The detection limit of this approach for a monophosphopeptide was as low as 250 pM (10 mu L).
An integration of Word Net and fuzzy association rule mining for multi-label document clustering
(2010-11-01)
Chen, Chun-Ling
;
Tseng, Frank S. C.
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Liang, Tyne
;
資訊工程學系
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Department of Computer Science
With the rapid growth of text documents, document clustering has become one of the main techniques for organizing large amount of documents into a small number of meaningful clusters. However, there still exist several challenges for document clustering, such as high dimensionality, scalability, accuracy, meaningful cluster labels, overlapping clusters, and extracting semantics from texts. In order to improve the quality of document clustering results, we propose an effective Fuzzy-based Multi-label Document Clustering (FMDC) approach that integrates fuzzy association rule mining with an existing ontology WordNet to alleviate these problems. In our approach, the key terms will be extracted from the document set, and the initial representation of all documents is further enriched by using hypernyms of WordNet in order to exploit the semantic relations between terms. Then, a fuzzy association rule mining algorithm for texts is employed to discover a set of highly-related fuzzy frequent itemsets, which contain key terms to be regarded as the labels of the candidate clusters. Finally, each document is dispatched into more than one target cluster by referring to these candidate clusters, and then the highly similar target clusters are merged. We conducted experiments to evaluate the performance based on Classic, Re0, R8, and WebKB datasets. The experimental results proved that our approach outperforms the influential document clustering methods with higher accuracy. Therefore, our approach not only provides more general and meaningful labels for documents, but also effectively generates overlapping clusters. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A novel role of CPEB3 in regulating EGFR gene transcription via association with Stat5b in neurons
(2010-11-01)
Peng, Shu-Chun
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Lai, Yen-Ting
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Huang, Hsi-Yuan
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Huang, Hsien-Da
;
Huang, Yu-Shuian
CPEB3 is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein and represses translation of its target mRNAs in neurons. Here, we have identified a novel function of CPEB3 as to interact with Stat5b and inhibit its transcription activity in the nucleus without disrupting dimerization, DNA binding and nuclear localization of Stat5b. Moreover, CPEB3 is a nucleocytoplasm-shuttling protein with predominant residence in the cytoplasm; whereas activation of NMDA receptors accumulates CPEB3 in the nucleus. Using the knockdown approach, we have found the receptor tyrosine kinase, EGFR, is a target gene transcriptionally activated by Stat5b and downregulated by CPEB3 in neurons. The increased EGFR expression in CPEB3 knockdown neurons, when stimulated with EGF, alters the kinetics of downstream signaling. Taken together, CPEB3 has a novel function in the nucleus as to suppress Stat5b-dependent EGFR gene transcription. Consequently, EGFR signaling is negatively regulated by CPEB3 in neurons.
Implementation of delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter in LTPS process
(2010-11-01)
Tsai, Chia-Chi
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Wang, Tzu-Ming
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Ker, Ming-Dou
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電機學院
;
College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
An on-panel delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has been implemented and verified for 3-mu m low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) technology with two basic blocks: a delta-sigma modulator and a decimation filter. From the experimental results, the digital output from the delta-sigma modulator is correctly matched with the analog input voltage ratio such that the digital output can be converted into 8-bit digital code successfully under a supply voltage of 10 V from the decimation filter. The implemented on-panel delta-sigma ADC can be used for the application of temperature-to-digital converter on glass substrate.
Al-Cu Pattern Wafer Study on Metal Corrosion Due to Chloride Ion Contaminants
(2010-11-01)
Wu, Bi-Jun
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Bai, Hsunling
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Lin, I. -Kai
;
Liu, S. S.
;
環境工程研究所
Chloride ions (Cl(-)) in the cleanroom environment induce metal corrosion of integrated circuits, and cause wafer scrap events. In this paper, pattern wafers were designed to monitor critical Cl(-) concentration which leads to metal corrosion effects in a simulated airborne molecular contamination (AMC) environment. The simulated Cl(-) contamination environment was established by placing different numbers of preventive maintenance (PM) wipers in wafer pods and monitored simultaneously by ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) and impinger+ion chromatography (IC) instruments. The exposed Al-Cu pattern wafers were analyzed by the KLA surface scanner and the scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyzer. The results indicate that the IMS and the impinger+IC instruments provide consistent HCl monitoring data. Furthermore, they suggest that pattern wafer exposure tests can be an effective method to monitor metal corrosion. The PM wipers are a simple and effective method to establish simulated source of HCl for studying the AMC effect in ppbv levels. The critical HCl concentration where particles could be found on the wafer surface is around 2.0-3.5 ppbv, and the critical HCl concentration that results in metal corrosion defects is around 4.1-6.4 ppbv.
The investigation of charge loss mechanism in a two-bit wrapped-gate nitride storage nonvolatile memory
(2010-11-01)
Ho, Y. H.
;
Chung, Steve S.
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Chen, H. H.
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
The charge loss mechanism of a two-bit wrapped-gate nitride storage nonvolatile memory is investigated. From retention measurements, it was shown that both vertical and lateral charge loss coexist. As a result of the misalignment of carriers, the lateral charge loss was caused by the hole accumulation near the junction and migrating toward the channel. By using a scaling of the word-gate length or a substrate-transient hot hole erase scheme, the charge loss in the lateral direction can be suppressed. Also, from the retention test, the latter scheme, substrate-transient hot hole (STHH), has a window independent of the word-gate length, which is better for the device scaling. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3508956]
Non-Coherent Cell Identification Detection Methods and Statistical Analysis for OFDM Systems
(2010-11-01)
Chen, Chih-Liang
;
Chen, Sau-Gee
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
To achieve high-performance cell identification detection with low complexity for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, this work proposes an efficient non-coherent cell identification (ID) detection technique based on a new optimization metric. Furthermore, the metric is simplified to two lower-complexity metrics. As such, two more modified cell ID detection methods extended from the first one are also proposed. Experiments show that all the three new cell ID methods achieve better performances than the conventional methods in multipath Rayleigh fading channels. This work also conducts the statistical analysis to characterize the proposed techniques completely. It is shown that the results of the theoretical analysis are close to the simulation results. Among the new techniques, specifically, the third proposed method using the second simplified new metric has much lower complexity and higher performance than the conventional methods.
A hybrid dynamic forecast model for analyzing celebrity endorsement effects on consumer attitudes
(2010-11-01)
Sheu, Jiuh-Biing
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
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Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
This study investigates the time-varying effects of celebrity endorsements on consumer purchase attitudes toward promoted products using a novel dynamic hierarchical multi-attribute attitude forecast model. The induced direct and indirect effects via constructs of product attributes and net product value are then incorporated into the proposed conceptual model, which is formulated with a discrete-time nonlinear stochastic system. An empirical study of product categories of sport shoes and note book computers demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed methodology. The analytical results demonstrate the capability of the proposed model to forecast consumer attitudes toward a promoted product and reveal the potential heterogeneity in patterns of attitude changes characterized by product attributes, price, and endorser performance as perceived by consumers. Furthermore, we infer that celebrity endorsement can significantly influence consumer purchase attitudes via both direct and indirect effects through product-attribute construct. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.