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Transesterification and cyclization of polycarbonate-epoxy blends cured with anhydride
(1996-08-01)
Li, MS
;
Su, YF
;
Ma, CCM
;
Chen, JL
;
Lu, MS
Infrared spectra have been investigated to study the curing mechanisms of polycarbonate-epoxy blends using anhydride as a hardener catalysed by tertiary amine. Due to a significant difference in the reaction, curing reactions of the system can be considered as two sequential stages: (1) an anionic alternating copolymerization of cyclic anhydride and epoxy resin, and (2) a homopolymerization of oxirane initiated by a quaternary ammonium salt zwitter ion. The transesterification/cyclization of carbonate groups proceeds in the later stage if the oxirane is still available. Degrees of transesterification/cyclization and homopolymerization are higher when a higher epoxy/anhydride ratio is used. This study positively confirms the mechanism of transesterification/cyclization proceeding through a zwitter ion. The zwitter ion is formed from epoxide and tertiary amine, which attacks the carbonate group. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
The interaction between a single vortex and a columnar defect in the superconducting multilayers
(1996-10-01)
Chen, JL
;
Tseng, TY
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
The interaction energy per unit length U-int(r) between a single vortex and a columnar defect with radius a in the superconducting multilayers is calculated with the help of London theory. We assume that these superconducting layers are coupled by the magnetic field and the interlayer Josephson coupling can be neglected. We obtain a general expression of U-int(r) for any t, where t is half of the spacing between the layers. For t --> infinity, our theory can be reduced to the result of a thin film. But when r becomes smaller, U-int(r) would tend to exhibit the behavior of 3D superconducting bulk.
Chinese handwritten character segmentation in form documents
(1999)
Chen, JL
;
Wu, CH
;
Lee, HJ
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
This paper presents a projection based method for segmenting handwritten Chinese characters in form documents with known structures. In the preprocessing phase, a noise removal method is proposed that preserves stroke connections and character edge points. In the character segmentation phase, the projection profile analysis method is used to segment a text line image into projection blocks. In addition, projection blocks are classified into one of four types: mark, half-word, single-word, and two-word. Large blocks are then split and small blocks are merged. In addition, an OCR system is adopted to eliminate errors resulting from the inappropriate merging of Chinese numerical characters with other characters. As for 1319 Chinese characters are tested during our experiments, the correct segmentation rates of 92.34% and 91.76% are obtained with and without the OCR module.
Bearing contact analysis of the involute spur planetary gear train
(2001)
Chen, JL
;
Tseng, CH
;
Tsay, CB
;
機械工程學系
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The goal of this study is to determine the dimensions and orientations of instant contact ellipses of gear surfaces in the meshing of the planetary gear train in order to recommend the proper amount of the crowning radii. The mathematical model for the surface profiles of the simple planetary gear train with the crowned planet gear is developed to simulate gear-meshing conditions and obtain the contact points. Principal curvatures and directions of the planetary gear train are derived and investigated based on the theory of gearing. The dimensions and orientations of the contact ellipses of the planetary gear train due to the assembly errors of different kinds of axial misalignments in different crowning radii can further be developed from the principal curvatures and directions of gear surfaces. Examples are presented to illustrate the above-mentioned investigations.
Fuzzy perceptron learning and its application to classifiers with numerical data and linguistic knowledge
(1995)
Chen, JL
;
Chang, JY
;
電控工程研究所
;
Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering
Slicing object-oriented programs
(1997)
Chen, JL
;
Wang, FJ
;
Chen, YL
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
Program slicing has various applications in the fields of software engineering. The Object-Oriented (OO) paradigm introduces the features of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism to programs, but is not considered current program slicing techniques. In this paper, we define two types of program slices, state and behavior slices, by taking the dependencies of OO features into consideration. A state slice for an object is a set of messages and control statements that might affect the state of the object, while a behavior slice is a set of attributes and methods defined in related classes that might affect the behavior of the object. These slices may facilitate programmers to debug and understand OO software. The algorithms that developed based on an Object-oriented Dependency Graph to compute these slices can get more precise result by exploring the internal dependencies of complex objects.
Field-data grouping for form document processing using a gravitation-based algorithm
(1998)
Chen, JL
;
Lee, HJ
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
This paper presents a novel approach tc, grouping Chinese handwritten field-data of form documents using a gravitation-based algorithm. We develop an algorithm to extract handwritten field data which may be written out of the fields. We first extract and remove form lines for input form images. Next, we detect connected-components from remaining data, and compute the gravitation for each connected-component by using the black pixel counts as their mass. Then, we move connected-components to their field center according to their gravitation, since filled-in data have the locality property, that is, data of the same field are usually written in a local area consecutively. After moving these connected-components for a certain times, we can assign most components to the fields they should be. Thus, we can determine which connected-components should be extracted for a particular field. Experimental results show that this proposed method can group field-data effectively.
Fuzzy-logic-based modified single-layer perceptron segmentation network
(1998)
Chang, JY
;
Chen, JL
;
電控工程研究所
;
Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering
In this paper, we propose a modified singlelayer perceptron (MSLP) segmentation network for object extraction. We select a sigmoid gray level transfer function from the histogram of the input image and map the input gray levels into the interval [0, 1]. Then we adopt the linear index of fuzziness of the output nodes as the error function of the image segmentation system to incorporate the learning capability of a neural network. Our scheme can successfully extract multiple objects with different gray levels. To further enhance the capability of the segmentation system, the proposed network is incorporated with fuzzy if-then rules to adaptively adjust the threshold of the activation function of the output neuron for best matching the local characteristics of the image. Fuzzy if-then rules involving the edge intensities and vertical positions of pixels are reasoned to determine the threshold adaptively. From the result of segmenting the forward looking infrared (FLIR) image, a better segmentation image has been obtained by incorporating fuzzy if-then rules with the MSLP segmentation technique.
An object-oriented dependency graph for program slicing
(1998)
Chen, JL
;
Wang, FJ
;
Chen, YL
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
Program dependency graphs (PDG's) of a program facilitate program analysis and related applications such as program slicing, a method to identify the relevant entities of the program according to data and control dependencies. In the past, PDG's and program slicing were most developed for (conventional) imperative programs. Recently, the object-oriented (OO) paradigm gained momentum and popularity. The OO paradigm introduces the features of object abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism to programs, but is not considered in PDG's and program slicing. In this paper, we present an Object-Oriented Dependency Graph (ODG) to represent the structure of OO programs. The ODG is defined based on a property multi-digraph that is extended from a directed graph by augmenting multiple edge types, vertex properties, and property relations. With the extension, the ODG cart avoid the specious dependencies due to object encapsulation. Based on the ODC, a program slicing method for OO software is developed. Besides data and control dependencies, dependencies caused by OO features are taken into consideration in our slicing method. Through the ODG, the slicing method might be applied to facilitate understanding debugging, and maintaining OO software as well as traditional program slicing methods do.
Design considerations for assembly in planetary gear trains
(2000)
Chen, JL
;
Tseng, CH
;
機械工程學系
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Relative phase angles between planetary gears in the multi-stage planetary gear trains are the important design consideration for assembling. Different gear sizes require different relative phase angles. This study investigated the design considerations for planetary gear trains for assembling, especially for planetary gear sets. Two methods for determining the relative phase angles for single-stage and multiple-stage planetary gear trains with evenly spaced planetary gears are proposed. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate these methods.

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