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Physics of semiconductor devices
(1969)
Sze, S M
Synthesis of Aliphatic Amides through a Photoredox Catalyzed Radical Carbonylation Involving Organosilicates as Alkyl Radical Precursors
(1970-01-01)
Cartier, Alex
;
Levernier, Etienne
;
Dhimane, Anne-Lise
;
Fukuyama, Takahide
;
Ollivier, Cyril
Alkyl radicals, from primary to tertiary, formed by photocatalyzed oxidation of organosilicates, are involved efficiently in radical carbonylation with carbon monoxide (CO), in the presence of various amines and CCl4, leading to a variety of amides in moderate to good yields.
Rational Tuning of Molecular Interaction and Energy Level Alignment Enables High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics
(1970-01-01)
Wang, Rui
;
Yuan, Jun
;
Han, Guangchao
;
Huang, Tianyi
;
Huang, Wenchao
The performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has rapidly improved over the past years. Recent work in material design has primarily focused on developing near-infrared nonfullerene acceptors with broadening absorption that pair with commercialized donor polymers; in the meanwhile, the influence of the morphology of the blend film and the energy level alignment on the efficiency of charge separation needs to be synthetically considered. Herein, the selection rule of the donor/acceptor blend is demonstrated by rationally considering the molecular interaction and energy level alignment, and highly efficient OPV devices using both-fluorinated or both-nonfluorinated donor/acceptor blends are realized. With the enlarged absorption, ideal morphology, and efficient charge transfer, the devices based on the PBDB-T-F/Y1-4F blend and PBDB-T-F/Y6 exhibit champion power conversion efficiencies as high as 14.8% and 15.9%, respectively.
Transferring video to dynamic relief structures with water interaction
(1970-01-01)
Tseng, Yi-Chun
;
Wong, Sai-Keung
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
In this article, we present a framework which transfers video to dynamic relief-structures with water interaction. Our method enables the interaction between video content and waterflows. The key idea is that the dynamic 2.5D structures of the objects in video are constructed and then waterflows are simulated to interact with the 2.5D structures. We performed experiments for still images, and video in which objects had various motion styles. User interaction with our system was also demonstrated. The result of a user study indicated that our method could produce visually acceptable results.
From Dislocation to Nano-Precipitation: Evolution to Low Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance inn-Type PbTe
(1970-01-01)
Deng, Ping-Yuan
;
Wang, Kuang-Kuo
;
Du, Jia-Yu
;
Wu, Hsin-Jay
;
材料科學與工程學系
PbTe-based alloys have been widely used as mid-temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials since the 1960s. Years of endeavor spurred the tremendous advances in their TE performance. The breakthroughs forn-type PbTe have been somewhat less impressive, which limits the overall conversion efficiency of a PbTe-based TE device. In light of this obstacle, ann-type Ga-doped PbTe via an alternative thermodynamic route that relies on the equilibrium phase diagram and microstructural evolution is revisited. Herein, a plateau ofzT= 1.2 is achieved in the best-performing Ga0.02Pb0.98Te in the temperature range of 550-673 K. Notably, an extremely high averagezT(ave)= 1.01 is obtained within 300 - 673 K. The addition of gallium optimizes the carrier concentration and boosts the power factorPF = S-2 rho(-1). Meanwhile, the kappa(L)of Ga-PbTe reveals a significantly decreasing tendency owing to the defect evolution that changes from dislocation loop to nano-precipitation with increasing Ga content. The pathway for both the kappa(L)reduction and defect evolution can be probed by an equilibrium phase diagram, which opens up a new avenue for locating highzTTE materials.
Multifunctional Deep-Blue Emitter Comprising an Anthracene Core and Terminal Triphenylphosphine Oxide Groups
(1970-01-01)
Chien, Chen-Han
;
Chen, Ching-Kun
;
Hsu, Fang-Ming
;
Shu, Ching-Fong
;
Chou, Pi-Tai
"A highly efficient blue-light emitter, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis[4'-diphenyl-phosphoryl)phenyl]anthracene (POAn) is synthesized, and comprises electron-deficient triphenylphosphine oxide side groups appended to the 9- and 10-positions of a 2-tert-butylanthracene core. This sophisticated anthracene compound possesses a non-coplanar configuration that results in a decreased tendency to crystallize and weaker intermolecular interactions in the solid state, leading to its pronounced morphological stability and high quantum efficiency. In addition to serving as an electron-transporting blue-light-emitting material, POAn also facilitated electron injection from the Al cathode to itself. Consequently, simple double-layer devices incorporating POAn as the emitting, electron-transporting, and -injecting material produce bright deep-blue lights having Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.15,0.07). The peak electroluminescence performance was 4.3% (2.9 cd A(-1)). For a device lacking an electron-transport layer or alkali fluoride, this device displays the best performance of any such the deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes reported to date."
Modified processes capability assessment with dynamic mean shift
(1970-01-01)
Wu, Chia-Huang
;
工業工程與管理學系
;
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management
Rapid advancements in manufacturing technology have seen electronic products becoming lighter and thinner. This has led to production yield requirements of sawing processes in the semiconductor industry becoming increasingly strict. For sawing processes requiring a very low fraction of defective, the process capability index C-pk is widely applied for production yield measurement under the assumption of process stability. However, in practice, even when the typical control charts are implemented, dynamic and unobserved natures of the actual process mean shift may occur. Since the trial control limits are established with reference to random samples, the associated performances are also with uncertainty because of sampling error. In this paper, we investigate the effects of parameter estimation error on the development of the phase I control chart and further compare three methods with various estimators for the process standard deviation. Then, we tabulate the modified adjustment magnitudes for the dynamic C-pk under various subgroup sizes and sample sizes. On the basis of the simulation results, the proposed method can avoid overestimating the true process capability and make more trustworthy decisions. Finally, for demonstration purposes, an application of process capability measures for a sawing process is presented.
Deep learning and control algorithms of direct perception for autonomous driving
(1970-01-01)
Lee, Der-Hau
;
Chen, Kuan-Lin
;
Liou, Kuan-Han
;
Liu, Chang-Lun
;
Liu, Jinn-Liang
We propose an end-to-end machine learning model that integrates multi-task (MT) learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and control algorithms to achieve efficient inference and stable driving for self-driving cars. The CNN-MT model can simultaneously perform regression and classification tasks for estimating perception indicators and driving decisions, respectively, based on the direct perception paradigm of autonomous driving. The model can also be used to evaluate the inference efficiency and driving stability of different CNNs on the metrics of CNN's size, complexity, accuracy, processing speed, and collision number, respectively, in a dynamic traffic. We also propose new algorithms for controllers to drive a car using the indicators and its short-range sensory data to avoid collisions in real-time testing. We collect a set of images from a camera of The Open Racing Car Simulator in various driving scenarios, train the model using this dataset, test it in unseen traffics, and find that it outperforms earlier models in highway traffic. The stability of end-to-end learning and self driving depends crucially on the dynamic interplay between CNN and control algorithms. The source code and data of this work are available on our website, which can be used as a simulation platform to evaluate different learning models on equal footing and quantify collisions precisely for further studies on autonomous driving.
Competing for Audience's Time: Comparing Science News with Health News and Political News
(1970-01-01)
Li, Shu-Chu Sarrina
;
傳播研究所
;
Institute of Communication Studies
Science and health news are closely related to the public's science literacy, and political news is very popular in Taiwan. The existing literature does not include studies that examine how science, health, and political news satisfy individuals' various gratifications. This study adopted niche theory to compare science, health, and political news regarding each news type's capabilities to fulfill individuals' needs for four different types of gratifications. The study used two methods: the first involved conducting 23 intensive interviews, and the second utilized a nationwide telephone survey, from which this study obtained 949 valid questionnaires.
Advanced aircraft manufacturing and maintenance using three-dimensional printing
(1970-01-01)
Chen, Tin-Chih Toly
;
Choi, Seung-Kyum
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Moon, Seung Ki
;
Wang, Yu-Cheng
;
工業工程與管理學系
Statistical Prediction of Nanosized-Metal-Grain-Induced Threshold-Voltage Variability for 3D Vertically Stacked Silicon Gate-All-Around Nanowiren-MOSFETs
(1970-01-01)
Sung, Wen-Li
;
Li, Yiming
;
交大名義發表
;
電機工程學系
;
電信工程研究所
In this study, we present a statistically accurate model to predict the threshold-voltage variability (sigma V-th) efficiently for three-dimensional (3D) vertically stacked silicon (Si) gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW)n-MOSFETs with multi-channels. The statistical results indicate that the sigma V(th)decreases exponentially by increasing metal grain number (MGN), which is unitless. Additionally, the magnitude of sigma V(th)was calculated for various MGNs, which joins the normality test with Anderson-Darling test. Therefore, the model with MGN can be implemented by nonlinear regression with a regression coefficient of approximately one. From this model and the perspective of process, more 3D vertically stacked channels can reduce the value and sensitivity of sigma V-th. This study provides useful information from statistics to explain the experiment results for 3D vertically stacked Si GAA NWn-MOSFETs with multi-channels.
A side-by-side comparison of Daya Bay antineutrino detectors
(1970-01-01)
An, F. P.
;
An, Q.
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Bai, J. Z.
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Balantekin, A. B.
;
Band, H. R.
"The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is designed to determine precisely the neutrino mixing angle theta(13) with a sensitivity better than 0.01 in the parameter sin(2) 2 theta(13) at the 90% confidence level. To achieve this goal, the collaboration will build eight functionally identical antineutrino detectors. The first two detectors have been constructed, installed and commissioned in Experimental Hall 1, with steady data-taking beginning September 23, 2011. A comparison of the data collected over the subsequent three months indicates that the detectors are functionally identical, and that detector-related systematic uncertainties are smaller than requirements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."
Reallocating multiple inputs and outputs of units to improve overall performance
(1970-01-01)
Liu, Fuh-Hwa Franklin
;
Tsai, Ling-Chuan
;
工業工程與管理學系
;
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management
"All decision-making units (DMUs) in the private or public sector are provided with a set of inputs of different values by their governing decision maker (GDM), and are required to generate a set of outputs. The GDM is able to reallocate the inputs/outputs among the DMUs to estimate the maximum absolute decision making efficiency of the sector. Serial models are presented to manage the interaction between two decision-making levels, GDM and DMUs, to provide the reallocated targets of inputs/outputs for DMUs in the next operating period. The 25 branches of a commercial bank in Taiwan are used as an illustration. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved."
Reactive carbon fiber ionization-mass spectrometry for characterization of unsaturated hydrocarbons from plant aroma
(1970-01-01)
Wu, Yi-Cheng
;
Chen, Yu-Chie
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
Carbon fiber ionization (CFI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is an ambient technique that can be used to detect samples in gas, liquid, and solid forms simply by using a piece of carbon fiber as the ionization emitter. Reactive MS can be performed to selectively detect target analytes by conducting fast reactions during ionization. Most ambient ionization MS techniques used to monitor chemical reactions are limited to liquid-phase reactions. Herein, we develop reactive CFI-MS to be a suitable tool for monitoring of reaction products derived from volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons in the gas phase. Hydroamination is a fast reaction that can form a carbon-nitrogen bond through the addition of an amine to unsaturated hydrocarbons. In this study, reactive CFI-MS was used to selectively characterize aroma molecules, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons derived from plants, through hydroamination. A piece of carbon fiber was placed close (similar to 1 mm) to the inlet of the mass spectrometer and deposited with dried methylamine. The sample in either liquid or solid form was placed underneath the carbon fiber. The volatiles derived from the sample reacted with amine on the carbon fiber were simultaneously determined once the mass spectrometer was switched on. For proof of concept, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, which has double bonds and is highly volatile, was initially selected as the model sample to demonstrate the feasibility of using reactive CFI-MS to detect its hydroamination derivative. Banana, garlic, and ginger, which possess aroma molecules with unsaturated hydrocarbons, were selected as real-world samples.
Unexpected Giant Microwave Conductivity in a Nominally Silent BiFeO3 Domain Wall
(1970-01-01)
Huang, Yen-Lin
;
Zheng, Lu
;
Chen, Peng
;
Cheng, Xiaoxing
;
Hsu, Shang-Lin
Nanoelectronic devices based on ferroelectric domain walls (DWs), such as memories, transistors, and rectifiers, have been demonstrated in recent years. Practical high-speed electronics, on the other hand, usually demand operation frequencies in the gigahertz (GHz) regime, where the effect of dipolar oscillation is important. Herein, an unexpected giant GHz conductivity on the order of 10(3) S m(-1) is observed in certain BiFeO3 DWs, which is about 100 000 times greater than the carrier-induced direct current (dc) conductivity of the same walls. Surprisingly, the nominal configuration of the DWs precludes the alternating current (ac) conduction under an excitation electric field perpendicular to the surface. Theoretical analysis shows that the inclined DWs are stressed asymmetrically near the film surface, whereas the vertical walls in a control sample are not. The resultant imbalanced polarization profile can then couple to the out-of-plane microwave fields and induce power dissipation, which is confirmed by the phase-field modeling. Since the contributions from mobile-carrier conduction and bound-charge oscillation to the ac conductivity are equivalent in a microwave circuit, the research on local structural dynamics may open a new avenue to implement DW nano-devices for radio-frequency applications.
Design and implementation of smart manufacturing execution system in solar industry
(1970-01-01)
Qu, Wen
;
Cao, Wenliang
;
Su, Y. -C.
;
交大名義發表
;
National Chiao Tung University
The manufacturing industry, automatic production has been a crucial resource that cannot be replaced by labors. However, with the moving-abroad of manufactures and under the pressure of continuously reduce production cost, the core of production management in the manufacturing industry has lain in to increase the yield rate, lower unnecessary waste in production, and achieve excellent quality control. Smart Manufacturing Execution Systems (SMES) is now playing the role of integration. The major MESs in the present market all place the emphasis on semi-conductor, LCD panel, and modular assembling industries. The lack of identification numbers in the process of production disables the present solar cell industry to provide support and operate, and thus an MES for solar cell industry is in need.This research adopts the MES with LCD View, as the system model base. Based on the framework of prototyping constituted by information system, we proposed an SMES for solar cell industry, which is integrated with the present solar cell operation model and designed according to the framework of LCD View system.The solar cell SMES developed in this study can raise the personnel working efficiency in production and process analysis. The contribution of this study can real time analysis on quality abnormality, together with information on management, such as real time report on machine status, analysis on raw material, and production indices, the solar cell MES can facilitate production managers to make strategic decisions regarding production and improve the production as well as yield rate of products.
Invasiveness and surgical timing evaluation by clinical features of ground-glass opacity nodules in lung cancers
(1970-01-01)
Chen, Pai-Hsi
;
Chang, Kuo-Ming
;
Tseng, Wei-Chi
;
Chen, Chien-Hung
;
Chao, Jui-I
Background The early stages of lung cancer with ground-glass opacity (GGO) pattern are detectable. However, it remains a challenge for physicians how best to treat GGO nodules as invasive tumors are occasionally found, even in pure GGO nodules. This study identified the invasiveness by the clinical features of the GGO nodules. Methods A retrospective review of patients with resected GGO nodules from August 2015 to February 2019 was performed. A total of 92 patients were enrolled and gender, age, tumor location, operation times, tumor size, histopathologic and radiological findings were analyzed. Results In this study, the sequential of GGO nodules invasiveness was significantly related to the tumor size and solid component. After regrouping the population into preinvasive and invasive groups, the invasiveness was significantly related to tumor size, solid component, tumor volume and maximal computed tomography (CT) value. Conclusions The invasiveness is difficult to evaluate according to the CT features only when the GGO nodules are less than 2 cm and consolidation/tumor ratio (C/T ratio) are less than 0.25. Tumor size and solid component are significant factors for predicting invasiveness. Part-solid GGO nodules with a diameter greater than 1 cm require surgical consideration due to their high risk of invasiveness.
Phase Stress Partition in Gray Cast Iron UsingIn SituNeutron Diffraction Measurements
(1970-01-01)
Tu-Ngoc Lam
;
Wu, Szu-Chien
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Chae, Hobyung
;
Chen, Shi-Wei
;
Jain, Jayant
Gray cast iron comprises alpha-Fe, Fe3C and graphite with their different anisotropies in terms of structure and mechanical behavior. We perform two different deformation paths as tension-compression and compression-tension on bulk gray iron to capture the stress partitioning. Usingin situneutron diffraction, the composite-like deformation behaviors of alpha-Fe and Fe3C are revealed simultaneously. Within the elastic deformation stage, both deformation paths do not cause load transfer. However, when the applied compressive stress exceeds 300 MPa, there is a clear load sharing in both paths. From microscopic examinations, the debonding between matrix and graphite is clarified.
High-reliability gate driver on array using noise sharing of precharging node for thin film transistor-liquid crystal display application
(1970-01-01)
Zheng, Guang-Ting
;
Liu, Po-Tsun
;
Du, Chia-Heng
;
Wang, Teng-Yu
;
顯示科技研究所
A hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) gate driver with negative bias stress on precharging node for noise sharing with high-reliability 10.7-in. automotive display has been proposed. The proposed circuit is composed of precharging block, pull-up and pull-down block, and noise-free block. The precharging block not only starts up the gate driver but also reduces noise with 33% duty cycle. Duplicate output signals are responsible for turning on next stage to decrease the loading of output of gate line. Moreover, negative bias voltage recovering of TFTs could be created by setting another lower voltage source to lower the threshold voltage degradation of TFTs. According to lifetime test results, the proposed gate driver of 708 stages passes the extreme temperature range test (90 degrees C and -40 degrees C) for simulation and -40 degrees C for measurement and remains stable over 800 h at 90 degrees C test. Finally, this design is successfully demonstrated in a 10.7-in. HD (1280 x RGB x 720) TFT-LCD panel.
Atomic-Scale Fabrication of In-Plane Heterojunctions of Few-Layer MoS2 via In Situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
(1970-01-01)
Tai, Kuo-Lun
;
Huang, Chun-Wei
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Cai, Ren-Fong
;
Huang, Guan-Min
;
Tseng, Yi-Tang
Layered MoS2 is a prospective candidate for use in energy harvesting, valleytronics, and nanoelectronics. Its properties strongly related to its stacking configuration and the number of layers. Due to its atomically thin nature, understanding the atomic-level and structural modifications of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides is still underdeveloped, particularly the spatial control and selective precision. Therefore, the development of nanofabrication techniques is essential. Here, an atomic-scale approach used to sculpt 2D few-layer MoS2 into lateral heterojunctions via in situ scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM/TEM) is developed. The dynamic evolution is tracked using ultrafast and high-resolution filming equipment. The assembly behaviors inherent to few-layer 2D-materials are observed during the process and included the following: scrolling, folding, etching, and restructuring. Atomic resolution STEM is employed to identify the layer variation and stacking sequence for this new 2D-architecture. Subsequent energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses are performed to corroborate the elemental distribution. This sculpting technique that is established allows for the formation of sub-10 nm features, produces diverse nanostructures, and preserves the crystallinity of the material. The lateral heterointerfaces created in this study also pave the way for the design of quantum-relevant geometries, flexible optoelectronics, and energy storage devices.