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A raster-based C program for siting a landfill with optimal compactness
(1996-10-01)
Kao, JJ
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
Landfill siting requires performing spatial analyses for various factors to evaluate site suitability. A geographical information system, although capable of effectively manipulating spatial data, lacks the capability to locate an optimal site when compactness and other factors are considered simultaneously. In our previous work, a mixed-integer compactness model was proposed to overcome this difficulty. However, computational time with a conventional mixed-integer programming package for solving the model is time consuming and impractical. Therefore, in this work, a C program is developed, based on a proposed raster-based branch-and-bound algorithm. The program can implement multi-factor analyses for compactness and other siting factors with weights prespecified by the user. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the program. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Network geographic information system for landfill siting
(1997-06-01)
Kao, JJ
;
Lin, HY
;
Chen, WY
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
A prototype network geographic information system (GIS) was developed to: (i) improve the effectiveness of a complex municipal solid waste landfill siting procedure; (ii) make siting-related information available to the general public; (iii) assist local environmental protection agencies in maintaining a GIS; and (iv) facilitate the central environmental protection agency in managing, instructing and evaluating the progress of a local siting. Siting analysis is performed with computerized mapping analysis to save time and effort of data processing. A multimedia network interface is provided for 24-hour local or remote access to the system from anywhere on the Internet. This networking capability allows a user without tools to utilize the system and to avoid the cost of system installation and training appropriate personnel to manage the system. Moreover, a case study for Miaoli is described. Environmental, social, economic and engineering feasibility issues are evaluated for the suitability of a candidate landfill site. (C) 1997 ISWA.
Neural net for determining DEM-based model drainage pattern
(1996-03-01)
Kao, JJ
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
Manually determining drainage patterns from topographical maps for a grid-based model is time consuming and occasionally subjective. Eight methods including neural network are developed in this study to automatically determine the pattern from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, These methods are tested for a subwatershed located on Chin-Mel Creek, Taipei County, Taiwan, R.O.C. Results obtained using the neural network method are superior to those obtained using the drainage network method, which has performed the best among the other seven methods excluding the neural network method. The neural network method has a self-learning capability that could likely replace human assessment involved in the conventional approach. The implementation of the drainage network and neural network methods is described. Performances of the two methods are compared on the basis of their differences from the manually determined result.
Network expert geographic information system for landfill siting
(1996-10-01)
Kao, JJ
;
Chen, WY
;
Lin, HY
;
Guo, SJ
;
環境工程研究所
A prototypical network expert geographic information system (GIS) is developed to facilitate municipal solid waste landfill siting. A forward chaining knowledge base consisting of related siting rules extracted from various literature is used to establish an expert system. Siting analysis is performed by a GIS and evaluated by rules triggered from the expert system. The expert system and GIS are integrated into an expert GIS to combine the advantages of both systems. Also, a multimedia network interface is designed for local or remote access to the system from anywhere on the Internet. With the interface, a general user does not require previous knowledge of the expert system and GIS to use the system. This networking capability not only significantly reduces the cost of distributing tools to each user, but also avoids the difficulty that each user may encounter in installing and managing tools on the computer. Finally, a case study is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed system in facilitating landfill-siting analysis. The system can be directly accessed via Internet from the home page http://ev004.ev.nctu.edu.tw/ENGLISH/wsite/index.html.
Postscript routines for display of watershed data
(1996-07-01)
Kao, JJ
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
NPS model parameter uncertainty analysis for an off-stream reservoir
(1996-10-01)
Kao, JJ
;
Hong, HJ
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
Parameter uncertainties exert a significant effect on nonpoint source pollution (NPS) modeling results. A decision made on the basis of such results may thereby be inappropriate. In this work, the parameter uncertainty is analyzed to explore an improved modeling procedure. Drainage patterns generated from digital elevation data and rainfall are the major parameters examined. A case study for the watershed of the Posan off-stream reservoir is implemented. A significant spatial variation of NPS distribution simulated with a drainage pattern generated from varied methods is observed. The effects of rainfall randomness on the spatial loading distribution are assessed and computed based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed procedure is capable of improving the quality of modeling results and the decision for an appropriate control strategy.
Dynamic spatial modeling approach for estimation of internal phosphorus load
(1998-01-01)
Kao, JJ
;
Lin, WL
;
Tsai, CH
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
The effect of the pollution load generated internally from a reservoir on the effectiveness of an eutrophication control plan is significant and has gained increasing attention recently. Accurate estimation of the internal load is difficult because of its spatial and temporal variation. A procedure using a dynamic spatial modeling approach is proposed to improve the estimation. A case study of Posan off-stream reservoir is described to demonstrate the implementation of the procedure for data collection and model preparation, field sampling planning and investigation, laboratory analysis for phosphorus releasing rates, model integration of AGNPS and WASP, calibration and verification of the integrated model, and the internal load estimation. The procedure is expected to provide appropriate temporal and spatial phosphorus internal load estimation for an off-stream reservoir. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of seasonal variation in precipitation on estimation of non-point source pollution
(2003)
Lin, YC
;
Kao, JJ
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
The extent of nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) generated from upstream catchment areas of a reservoir is normally estimated based on a design rainfall. However, rainfall generally varies in different seasons. This seasonal change may significantly influence the estimation of runoff volume and associated NPSP arising within a reservoir watershed. The NPSP management, reservoir operation, and water treatment operation strategies developed based on the estimation will also be altered. This study analyzes the effects of monthly and seasonal variation in precipitation on the estimation of pollution levels from nonpoint sources in a reservoir watershed. The area studied is the Derchi reservoir watershed located in central Taiwan. This watershed is subdivided into twenty-six sub-watersheds, and the Thiessen method is used. to determine the rainfall intensity in each sub-watershed. Runoff pattern and NPSP contributions for each sub-watershed are estimated using the AGNPS model. Results show significant seasonal variation in precipitation; estimated NPSP loads likewise vary significantly over time. Seven- to one hundred-fold differences among monthly and seasonal estimations of phosphorus and sediment loads are observed.
A multiobjective model for non-point source pollution control for an off-stream reservoir catchment
(2003)
Kao, JJ
;
Chen, WJ
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
Phosphorus loads from agricultural non-point source pollution (NPSP) significantly degrade reservoir water quality, making adequate control of agricultural NPSP necessary for improving the water quality. Controlling NPSP is generally accomplished using various Best Management Practices (BMPs). The present study applies the Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model to simulate NPSP loading and BMP efficiencies and establishes an enhanced multiobjective mixed-integer programming model for NPSP control strategy analyses based on these results. Cost, phosphorus load, sediment load and equity are the four major objectives considered. A case study for the Posan reservoir is presented. Four commonly proposed and applicable BMPs are chosen. Non-inferior solutions obtained using the constraint method and trade-off relationships among different control objectives are described and discussed. Compared with a previously proposed fertilizer control model, results show that the model established herein is more cost-effective and achieves better phosphorus and sediment loading reduction and equity goals. Furthermore, the current model is expected to facilitate decision-making analysis for development of an appropriate cost-sharing program to encourage adoption of appropriate BMPs by farmers.
Fuzzy GIS assisted landfill siting analysis
(1996)
Lin, HY
;
Kao, JJ
;
Li, KC
;
Hwang, HY
;
交大名義發表
This paper presents a prototypical fuzzy geographical information system (GIS) developed to facilitate landfill siting analysis. Landfill siting requires extensive effort to process massive spatial information, to evaluate various factors, and to review numerous criteria and regulations. A computerized GIS, although capable of effectively manipulating spatial information, generally lacks the ability to evaluate the suitability levers of candidate sites based on factors/criteria with some degree of imprecision and/or uncertainty. Because of their imprecision/uncertainty, many siting factors/criteria are not appropriate to be evaluated with a binary assessment, e.g., yes/no. Fuzzy set algorithms are therefore applied to overcome this difficulty. With proper membership functions assigned to imprecise/uncertain factors/criteria, the suitability score of a candidate site can be determined by a series of fuzzy calculations. The algorithms are incorporated into a previously developed landfill siting GIS to assist an engineer in improving siting decisions. This article, in addition to the description of the prototype, presents a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed Fuzzy GIS.

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