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    Enabling High-Performance Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Balancing the Front and Rear Subcells
    (1970-01-01)
    Cheng, Pei
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    Wang, Hao-Cheng
    ;
    Zheng, Ran
    ;
    Zhu, Yuan
    ;
    Dai, Shuixing
    In tandem organic photovoltaics, the front subcell is based on large-bandgap materials, whereas the case of the rear subcell is more complicated. The rear subcell is generally composed of a narrow-bandgap acceptor for infrared absorption but a large-bandgap donor to realize a high open-circuit voltage. Unfortunately, most of the ultraviolet-visible part of the photons are absorbed by the front subcell; as a result, in the rear subcell, the number of excitons generated on large-bandgap donors will be reduced significantly. This reduces the (photo) conductivity and finally limits the hole-transporting property of the rear subcell. In this work, a simple and effective way is proposed to resolve this critical issue. To ensure sufficient photogenerated holes in the rear subcell, a small amount of an infrared-absorbing polymer donor as a third component is introduced, which provides a second hole-generation and transporting mechanism to minimize the aforementioned detrimental effects. Finally, the short-circuit current density of the two-terminal tandem organic photovoltaic is significantly enhanced from 10.3 to 11.7 mA cm(-2)(while retaining the open-circuit voltage and fill factor) to result in an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.1%.
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    Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cell with Large Active Area of 216 cm(2) and High Power Conversion Efficiency of 7.7%
    (2019-08-01)
    Huang, Kuan-Min
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    Lin, Chih-Ming
    ;
    Chen, Szu-Han
    ;
    Li, Cheng-Sian
    ;
    Hu, Chen-Hsuan
    A polymer solar cell involving a nonfullerene acceptor is made by blade coating. In the ternary bulk-heterojunction layer, the donor is poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)- 5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T) and the acceptor is a mixture of 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene) (ITIC) and [6,6]-phenyl C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The device structure is an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate/PEDOT:PSS/ternary active layer/interfacial layer/Al. For a small active area of 0.04 cm(2), the best power conversion efficiency is 9.8% with the LiF interfacial layer. For a large active area of 216 cm(2), the best efficiency is 7.7% with the ZrOx interfacial layer. After annealing at 85 degrees C for 30 days, the large-area device keeps 75% of the initial efficiency. The efficiency of 4.9% is achieved for a large-area semi-transparent device.
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    Realizing Efficient Charge/Energy Transfer and Charge Extraction in Fullerene-Free Organic Photovoltaics via a Versatile Third Component
    (2019-08-01)
    Cheng, Hao-Wen
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    Zhang, Huotian
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    Lin, Yu-Che
    ;
    She, Nian-Zu
    ;
    Wang, Rui
    Solution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on bulk-heterojunctions have gained significant attention to alleviate the increasing demend of fossil fuel in the past two decades. OPVs combined of a wide bandgap polymer donor and a narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptor show potential to achieve high performance. However, there are still two reasons to limit the OPVs performance. One, although this combination can expand from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region, the overall external quantum efficiency of the device suffers low values. The other one is the low open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of devices resulting from the relatively downshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the narrow bandgap. Herein, the approach to select and incorporate a versatile third component into the active layer is reported. A third component with a bandgap larger than that of the acceptor, and absorption spectra and LUMO levels lying within that of the donor and acceptor, is demonstrated to be effective to conquer these issues. As a result, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are enhanced by the elevated short-circuit current and V-OC; the champion PCEs are 11.1% and 13.1% for PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F based and PBDB-T:Y1 based solar cells, respectively.
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    Haptacyclic Carbazole-Based Ladder-Type Nonfullerene Acceptor with Side-Chain Optimization for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics
    (2017-12-06)
    Hsiao, Yu-Tang
    ;
    Li, Chia-Hua
    ;
    Chang, Shao-Ling
    ;
    Heo, Soowon
    ;
    Tajima, Keisuke
    In this research, a haptacyclic carbazole-based dithienocyclopentacarbazole (DTCC) ladder-type structure was formylated to couple with two 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) moieties, forming a new nonfullerene acceptor DTCCIC-C17 using a bulky branched 1-octylnonayl side chain at the nitrogen of the embedded carbazole and four 4-octylphenyl groups at the sp(3)-carbon bridges. The rigid and coplanar main-chain backbone of the DTCC core provides a broad light-absorbing window and a higher-lying LUMO energy level, whereas the bulky flanked side chains reduce intermolecular interactions, making DTCCIC-C17 amorphous with excellent solution processability. The DTCCIC-C17 as an acceptor is combined with a medium band gap polymer poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-y1)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-bldithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thieny1-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) as the donor in the active layer to obtain suitable highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy alignments and complimentary absorption. The devices with an inverted configuration (ITO/ZnO/active layer/MoO3/Ag) without using an aqueous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate layer were fabricated for better device stability. When the diiodooctane-treated PBDB-T:DTCCIC-C17 active layer was thermally annealed at 50 degrees C for 10 min, the device achieved the highest efficiency of 9.48% with a high V-oc of 0.98 V, a J(sc) of 14.27 mA cm(-2), and an FF of 0.68.