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A 13.56 MHz 40 mW CMOS High-Efficiency Inductive Link Power Supply Utilizing On-Chip Delay-Compensated Voltage Doubler Rectifier and Multiple LDOs for Implantable Medical Devices
(2014-11-01)
Wu, Chung-Yu
;
Qian, Xin-Hong
;
Cheng, Ming-Seng
;
Liang, Yu-An
;
Chen, Wei-Ming
In this paper, a 13.56 MHz CMOS near-field inductive link power supply (ILPS) that can deliver 20 mA output current for implantable medical devices (IMDs) is proposed and fabricated. In the proposed ILPS, the pair of inductive link coils is constructed in the spiral shape with a ferrite core to save space and increase efficiency. Experimental results have shown that the near-field coils can transmit power at the resonant frequency of 13.56 MHz with the transmission efficiency up to 76.3%. The CMOS power regulator is composed of active voltage doubler rectifier (VD) and low-dropout regulators (LDOs). In the active VD with the comparator, the input offset voltage is adjustable for delay compensation and a start-up control circuit is added to achieve robust start-up mechanism. On-chip delay compensation control with SR-latches is proposed to prevent from error glitch switching on offset voltage control and achieve accurate delay compensation so that the reverse current conduction can be avoided and the efficiency can be increased. Three fully-integrated LDOs with rectifier output voltage of 2 V to 1.8 V are realized for analog (ALDO), digital (DLDO), and reference-voltage (RLDO) circuits. Thus the performance of individual LDO can be optimized. The measured output ripple voltage of the active VD is 10.4 mV. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 85% under 20 mA output current. The measured dropout voltage is 384 mV. As compared with other designs, the proposed ILPS has lower ripple voltages, lower dropout voltage, and higher PCE.
Biochemical sensing device
(2005-05-12)
Yang, Yuh-Shyong
;
Wu, Chung-Yu
;
Lu, Ude
;
Shih, Yu-Chuan
;
Hu, Ben C.-P.
The invention is a biochemical sensing device, including a photodiode capable of sensing the light generated by the reaction made by a specific compound, a specific enzyme, and a luminol as well as converting the optical signal into a current signal. Also, there is a current/voltage converting circuit capable of converting the current signal into an analog voltage signal. In turn, the analog voltage signal can be converted into a digital voltage signal through an analog/digital converter. Finally, by using an electronic device, the digital voltage signal can be received and analyzed, and through the analysis, the amount of the specific compound can be measured. The device of the invention can provide a simple real-time medical assay that can be performed in massive amount. For this reason, the drawbacks of a conventional spectrum analysis instrument of being bulky and expensive can be improved.
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
(2010-03-11)
Chen, Wei-Zen
;
Wu, Chung-Yu
;
Yu, Chi-Yao
A voltage-controlled oscillator comprises a variable inductor, a negative impedance circuit, an operating voltage source and a ground point. The variable inductor comprises a transformer and a transistor switch, the transformer comprising a primary side coil and a secondary side coil, the primary side coil comprising a first coil and a second coil, and the secondary side coil comprising a third coil and a fourth coil. The transistor switch is connected in parallel with the primary side coil to adjust an inductance value of the variable inductor based on a gate voltage. The negative impedance circuit is connected in parallel with the secondary side coil to compensate the power consumption of the voltage-controlled oscillator during oscillation. The operating voltage source is electrically connected between the third coil and the fourth coil, and the ground point is electrically connected between the first coil and the second coil.
Stability Analysis of Autonomous Ratio-Memory Cellular Nonlinear Networks for Pattern Recognition
(2010-08-01)
Tsai, Su-Yung
;
Wang, Chi-Hsu
;
Wu, Chung-Yu
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
The stability analysis via the Lyapunov theorem for Autonomous Ratio-Memory Cellular Nonlinear Networks (ARMCNNs) is proposed. A conservative domain of attraction (DOA) is found from the stability analysis through a graphical method without complicated numerical analysis. The stability analysis shows that ARMCNNs can tolerate large ratio weight variations. This paper also presents the ARMCNN with self-feedback (SARMCNN) to overcome the problem of isolated neurons due to low correlation between neighboring neurons. The SARMCNN recognition rate (RR) is compared with other CNN constructed via the singular value decomposition technique (SVD-CNN).
45-nm Planar Bulk-CMOS 23-GHz LNAs With High-Q Above-IC Inductors
(2010)
Wang, Wen-Chieh
;
Huang, Zue-Der
;
Carchon, Geert
;
Mercha, Abdelkarim
;
Decoutere, Stefaan
Two 23 GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) have been designed and implemented by 45 nm planar bulk-CMOS technology with high-Q above-IC inductors. In the designed LNAs, the structure of cascode amplifier with source inductive degeneration is used. All high-Q above-IC inductors have been implemented by thin-film wafer-level packaging (WLP) technology. The fabricated one-stage LNA has a good linearity where the input 1 dB compression point (IP(-1dB)) is -9.5 dBm and the input referred third-order intercept point (P(IIP3)) is +2.25 dBm. It is operated with a 1 V power supply drawing a current of only 3.6 mA. The fabricated one-stage LNA has demonstrated a 4 dB noise figure (NF) and a 7.1 dB gain at the peak gain frequency of 23 GHz. Moreover, the fabricated two-stage LNA has the IP(-1dB) of -16 dBm and the P(IIP3) of -4.2 dBm. It drains 9.3 mA from 1-V power supply. This two-stage LNA has demonstrated a 4.4 dB NF and a 11.6 dB gain at the peak gain frequency of 23.4 GHz. The fabricated one-stage LNA has the highest figure-of-merit (FOM). The experimental results have proved the suitability of 45 nm gate length planar bulk-CMOS devices for RF ICs above 20 GHz.
Evaluation of subcortical grey matter abnormalities in patients with MRI-negative cortical epilepsy determined through structural and tensor magnetic resonance imaging
(2014-05-14)
Peng, Syu-Jyun
;
Harnod, Tomor
;
Tsai, Jang-Zern
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
Chiou, Jun-Chern
Background: Although many studies have found abnormalities in subcortical grey matter (GM) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy or generalised epilepsies, few studies have examined subcortical GM in focal neocortical seizures. Using structural and tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we evaluated subcortical GM from patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy without visible lesion on MRI. Our aims were to determine whether there are structural abnormalities in these patients and to correlate the extent of any observed structural changes with clinical characteristics of disease in these patients. Methods: Twenty-four people with epilepsy and 29 age-matched normal subjects were imaged with high-resolution structural and diffusion tensor MR scans. The patients were characterised clinically by normal brain MRI scans and seizures that originated in the neocortex and evolved to secondarily generalised convulsions. We first used whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to detect density changes in subcortical GM. Volumetric data, values of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) for seven subcortical GM structures (hippocampus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus and amygdala) were obtained using a model-based segmentation and registration tool. Differences in the volumes and diffusion parameters between patients and controls and correlations with the early onset and progression of epilepsy were estimated. Results: Reduced volumes and altered diffusion parameters of subcortical GM were universally observed in patients in the subcortical regions studied. In the patient-control group comparison of VBM, the right putamen, bilateral nucleus accumbens and right caudate nucleus of epileptic patients exhibited a significantly decreased density Segregated volumetry and diffusion assessment of subcortical GM showed apparent atrophy of the left caudate nucleus, left amygdala and right putamen; reduced FA values for the bilateral nucleus accumbens; and elevated MD values for the left thalamus, right hippocampus and right globus pallidus A decreased volume of the nucleus accumbens consistently related to an early onset of disease. The duration of disease contributed to the shrinkage of the left thalamus. Conclusions: Patients with neocortical seizures and secondary generalisation had smaller volumes and microstructural anomalies in subcortical GM regions. Subcortical GM atrophy is relevant to the early onset and progression of epilepsy.
Demonstration of a broad band spectral head-mounted display with freeform mirrors
(2014-06-02)
Pan, Jui-Wen
;
Che-Wen, Chiang
;
Huang, Kuan-Da
;
Wu, Chung-Yu
;
光電系統研究所
It has been demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the retina can produce visual perception for blind patients suffering from macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. In order to let the retinal chip generate enough electrical stimulation, the near infrared ray source is added to enhance the stimulation current. However, it is a challenge to design a head-mounted display (HMD) that covers both visible and infrared rays. Since the HMD system covers such a broad spectral band, large color aberrations will be induced. In order to eliminate these large aberrations, a mirror system is adopted that will create a no color aberration system. We also use two freeform mirrors (FFMs) to reduce residual aberrations such as spherical aberrations and coma. The FFMs serve as the near-eye viewing optics that magnifies the image which is displayed through a microdisplay. Based on a 0.61 in. microdisplay, the HMD system demonstrates a diagonal field of view (FOV) of 30 degree and an f/# of 3.75, with an exit pupil diameter of 8 mm and eye clearance of 15mm. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Through Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Original Properties of Neural Pathways of Patients with Partial Seizures and Secondary Generalization by Individual Anatomic Reference Atlas
(2014)
Peng, Syu-Jyun
;
Harnod, Tomor
;
Tsai, Jang-Zern
;
Huang, Chien-Chun
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
To investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in neocortical epilepsy, we extract supratentorial WM parameters from raw tensor magnetic resonance images (MRI) with automated region-of-interest (ROI) registrations. Sixteen patients having neocortical seizures with secondarily generalised convulsions and 16 age-matched normal subjects were imaged with high-resolution and diffusion tensor MRIs. Automated demarcation of supratentorial fibers was accomplished with personalized fiber-labeled atlases. From the individual atlases, we observed significant elevation of mean diffusivity (MD) in fornix (cres)/stria terminalis (FX/ST) and sagittal stratum (SS) and a significant difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) among FX/ST, SS, posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR). For patients with early-onset epilepsy, the diffusivities of the SS and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule were significantly elevated, and the anisotropies of the FX/ST and SS were significantly decreased. In the drug-resistant subgroup, the MDs of SS and PTR and the FAs of SS and PLIC were significantly different. Onset age was positively correlated with increases in FAs of the genu of the corpus callosum. Patients with neocortical seizures and secondary generalisation had microstructural anomalies in WM. The changes in WM are relevant to early onset, progression, and severity of epilepsy.
A Fully Integrated 8-Channel Closed-Loop Neural-Prosthetic CMOS SoC for Real-Time Epileptic Seizure Control
(2014-01-01)
Chen, Wei-Ming
;
Chiueh, Herming
;
Chen, Tsan-Jieh
;
Ho, Chia-Lun
;
Jeng, Chi
An 8-channel closed-loop neural-prosthetic SoC is presented for real-time intracranial EEG (iEEG) acquisition, seizure detection, and electrical stimulation in order to suppress epileptic seizures. The SoC is composed of eight energy-efficient analog front-end amplifiers (AFEAs), a 10-b delta-modulated SAR ADC (DMSAR ADC), a configurable bio-signal processor (BSP), and an adaptive high-voltage-tolerant stimulator. A wire-less power-and-data transmission system is also embedded. By leveraging T-connected pseudo-resistors, the high-pass (low-pass) cutoff frequency of the AFEAs can be adjusted from 0.1 to 10 Hz (0.8 to 7 kHz). The noise-efficiency factor (NEF) of the AFEA is 1.77, and the DMSAR ADC achieves an ENOB of 9.57 bits. The BSP extracts the epileptic features from time-domain entropy and frequency spectrum for seizure detection. A constant 30-mu A stimulus current is delivered by closed-loop control. The acquired signals are transmitted with on-off keying (OOK) modulation at 4 Mbps over the MedRadio band for monitoring. A multi-LDO topology is adopted to mitigate the interferences across different power domains. The proposed SoC is fabricated in 0.18-mu m CMOS and occupies 13.47 mm(2). Verified on Long Evans rats, the proposed SoC dissipates 2.8 mW and achieves high detection accuracy 92% within 0.8 s.
A CMOS Power-Efficient Low-Noise Current-Mode Front-End Amplifier for Neural Signal Recording
(2013-04-01)
Wu, Chung-Yu
;
Chen, Wei-Ming
;
Kuo, Liang-Ting
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
生醫電子轉譯研究中心
In this paper, a new current-mode front-end amplifier (CMFEA) for neural signal recording systems is proposed. In the proposed CMFEA, a current-mode preamplifier with an active feedback loop operated at very low frequency is designed as the first gain stage to bypass any dc offset current generated by the electrode-tissue interface and to achieve a low high-pass cutoff frequency below 0.5 Hz. No reset signal or ultra-large pseudo resistor is required. The current-mode preamplifier has low dc operation current to enhance low-noise performance and decrease power consumption. A programmable current gain stage is adopted to provide adjustable gain for adaptive signal scaling. A following current-mode filter is designed to adjust the low-pass cutoff frequency for different neural signals. The proposed CMFEA is designed and fabricated in 0.18-mu m CMOS technology and the area of the core circuit is 0.076 mm(2). The measured high-pass cutoff frequency is as low as 0.3 Hz and the low-pass cutoff frequency is adjustable from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. The measured maximum current gain is 55.9 dB. The measured input-referred current noise density is 153fA/root Hz, and the power consumption is 13 mu W at 1-V power supply. The fabricated CMFEA has been successfully applied to the animal test for recording the seizure ECoG of Long-Evan rats.

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