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A Single-Inductor Triple-Source Quad-Mode Energy-Harvesting Interface With Automatic Source Selection and Reversely Polarized Energy Recycling
(2019-10-01)
Chen, Po-Hung
;
Cheng, Hao-Chung
;
Lo, Chih-Lun
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
This paper presents a single-inductor triple-source quad-mode (SITSQM) energy-harvesting interface in a 0.18-mu m CMOS process. The proposed reversely polarized energy recycling (RPER) technique improves not only the conversion efficiency at low input voltage but also the system's output power range. The interface employs the buck-boost topology to convert energy from photovoltaic (PV) cells and a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to a regulated 1.2-V output. The proposed converter features four different operating modes, namely, harvesting, recycling, storing, and backup. The operating mode is automatically selected according to the input and load conditions using the automatic source selection mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate 25.3% efficiency improvement and 10x output power range extension from the proposed RPER technique. The proposed SITSQM converter automatically manages three harvesting sources with 82.1% peak conversion efficiency.
Dual-Source Energy-Harvesting Interface With Cycle-by-Cycle Source Tracking and Adaptive Peak-Inductor-Current Control
(2018-10-01)
Liu, Chi-Wei
;
Lee, Hui-Hsuan
;
Liao, Pei-Chun
;
Chen, Yi-Lun
;
Chung, Ming-Jie
In this paper, we present a single-inductor triple-input-triple-output (SITITO) buck-boost converter in a 0.18-mu m CMOS process for dual-source energy harvesting. The converter operates in the single-source mode, dual-source mode (DSM), and backup mode automatically by detecting the input and output conditions. Converter operation in the proposed DSM enables extraction of power from both a photovoltaic cell and a thermoelectric generator in one switching cycle for efficient power extraction. The cycle-by-cycle source-tracking approach selects the appropriate input source according to the maximum power point of the energy transducers. The adaptive on-time circuit with the proposed adaptive peak-inductor-current (APIC) control adjusts the on-time of power transistors to obtain high conversion efficiency under different input voltages. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SITITO converter has a peak efficiency of 84.4%. When compared with the conventional constant peak-inductor-current control, an efficiency improvement of 11% is obtained via the proposed APIC control.
Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit With Capacitive Bootstrapping Technique for Energy-Efficient IoT Devices
(2018-10-01)
Chen, Po-Hung
;
Su, Tze-Yun
;
Fan, Philex Ming-Yan
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
This paper presents a low-input-voltage (100 mV), low-output-voltage (500-600 mV) thermoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit for near-threshold energy-efficient Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The capacitive bootstrapping technique is used to generate a positive and negative bias pair for alleviating the significant conduction losses of power MOSFETs in a near-threshold operation. Internal bias voltages are automatically boosted to different levels as per the loading conditions to extend the output power range. The deployment of constant on-time digital pulse skip modulation with digital zero current detection (ZCD) achieves an ultralight load operation, and precluding a reverse current. The digital ZCD is capable of dynamically adjusting the off-time (TOFF) of the power transistors, which vary according to the input and output voltage levels. The proposed step-up dc-dc power converter implemented using a 180 nm CMOS technology demonstrates a maximum conversion efficiency of 76.4% over a 1 mu W-500 mu W load range, significantly evaluating the feasibility of the near-threshold interface circuit architecture for energy-efficient IoT devices.
A Single-Inductor Triple-Input-Triple-Output (SITITO) Energy Harvesting Interface with Cycle-by-Cycle Source Tracking and Adaptive Peak-Inductor-Current Control
(2017-01-01)
Liu, Chi-Wei
;
Chung, Ming-Jie
;
Lee, Hui-Hsuan
;
Liao, Pei-Chun
;
Chen, Po-Hung
In this paper, a single-inductor triple-input-triple-output (SITITO) buck-boost converter with cycle-by-cycle source tracking (CCST) is developed for multi-source energy harvesting. The proposed CCST is capable of harvesting power from the PV and TEG simultaneously, and automatically selects the appropriate source according to the maximum power point (MPP) of the transducers in each switching cycle. The converter provides two regulated outputs for the analog (V-OUT1 = 1.2 V) and the digital (V-OUT2 = 0.4-0.6 V) circuits, while storing the excess energy in a storage capacitor (C-OUT3). An adaptive on-time (AOT) circuit with an adaptive peak-inductor-current (APIC) control is developed for dynamically adjusting the on-time based on the input voltage (V-IN) to obtain high conversion efficiency under different V-IN. The proposed converter achieves a peak efficiency of 84.4% with an available input voltage of 0.05 V to 0.8 V. Compared to the conventional constant peak-inductor-current (CPIC) control, the proposed APIC improves 11 % efficiency at low V-IN.
A Single-Inductor Dual-Input Dual-Output (SIDIDO) Power Management with Sequential Pulse-Skip Modulation for Battery/PV Hybrid Systems
(2016-01-01)
Lee, Hui-Hsuan
;
Chen, Po-Hung
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
In this paper, a single-inductor dual-input dual output (SIDIDO) power converter with sequential pulse-skip modulation (SPSM) is proposed for IoT applications. It manages power from a 1.4-V zinc-air battery and a 0.55-V to 0.7-V photovoltaic (PV) module to prolong the battery life. The proposed converter employs buck-boost mode and buck mode for PV module and the battery, respectively, to produce two different output voltages. The input sources are automatically selected by mode detection circuit which monitors both PV voltage and the output voltage to minimize the battery usage. The proposed SPSM along with a constant voltage maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method controls output voltages with low cross regulation while extracting the maximum power from a PV module. The measurement results demonstrate a peak efficiency of 89 % with an available input voltage of 0.55 V to 1.4 V.
An 83.4% Peak Efficiency Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Based Adaptive Gate Biasing DC-DC Converter for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
(2015-02-01)
Chen, Po-Hung
;
Fan, Philex Ming-Yan
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
生醫電子轉譯研究中心
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
This paper presents a 100 mV input, 500 mV output single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) based step-up dc-dc converter with adaptive gate biasing (AGB) technique implemented in 0.18 mu m CMOS technology for thermoelectric energy harvesting. The proposed AGB technique and near-threshold voltage (near-V-TH) energy redistribution control (ERC) ensure high conversion efficiency over a wide range of load currents. The proposed method automatically reduces conduction and switching losses of power MOSFETs without the need for auxiliary power converters or additional off-chip inductors. The AGB technique reduces conduction and switching losses under heavy-load and light-load conditions, respectively. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the proposed converter is enhanced by 25.5% and 18% at output load currents of 1500 mu A and 50 mu A, respectively. The proposed step-up dc-dc converter achieves the lowest output voltage and provides the highest conversion efficiency of 83.4% to date in standard CMOS process for thermoelectric energy harvesting.

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