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Transparent Flexible Heteroepitaxy of NiO Coated AZO Nanorods Arrays on Muscovites for Enhanced Energy Storage Application
(1970-01-01)
Van-Qui Le
;
Phuoc-Anh Le
;
Wu, Shu-Chi
;
Lai, Yu-Hong
;
Lin, Yan-Gu
Transparent flexible energy storage devices are considered as important chains in the next-generation, which are able to store and supply energy for electronic devices. Here, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanorods (NRs) and nickel oxide (NiO)-coated AZO NRs on muscovites are fabricated by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition method. Interestingly, AZO NRs and AZO/NiO NRs are excellent electrodes for energy storage application with high optical transparency, high conductivity, large surface area, stability under compressive and tensile strain down to a bending radius of 5 mm with 1000 bending cycles. The obtained symmetric solid-state supercapacitors based on these electrodes exhibit good performance with a large areal specific capacitance of 3.4 mF cm(-2), long cycle life 1000 times, robust mechanical properties, and high chemical stability. Furthermore, an AZO/NiO//Zn battery based on these electrodes is demonstrated, yielding a discharge capacity of 195 mAh g(-1) at a current rate of 8 A g(-1) and a discharge capacity of over 1000 cycles with coulombic efficiency to 92%. These results deliver a concept of opening a new opportunity for future applications in transparent flexible energy storage.
The Photothermal Stability Study of Quantum Dots Embedded in Sodium Chlorides
(2020-01-01)
Huang, Yu-Ming
;
Hsu, Shun-Chieh
;
Li, Ning
;
Yu, Chung-Ping
;
Ke, Li-Ann
An efficient and useful method for the incorporation of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into ionic matrices is demonstrated. We prepared three different synthesis methods, which are traditional saturated-salt water, methanol-assisted, and ethanol-assisted methods. The continuous thermal and photonic stress tests indicate that the high temperature, instead of photonic excitation stress, is more detrimental to the illumination capability of the quantum dots. While the traditional saturated-salt water synthesis and methanol-assisted method are quite effective in low temperature and low photon excitation intensity, the quantum dots sealed by the ethanol-assisted method cannot hold under all conditions. An over-1000-h aging test can provide crucial information for the longevity of these quantum dots, and more than 10,000 h of lifetime can be expected.
Tunable nitrogen-doped graphene sheets produced with in situ electrochemical cathodic plasma at room temperature for lithium-ion batteries
(2019-06-01)
Yen, Po-Jen
;
Ilango, P. Robert
;
Chiang, Ya-Chi
;
Wu, Chia-Wei
;
Hsu, Yung-Chi
This paper describes a facile and tunable method, performed at room temperature and amenable to mass-production, for the preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets using in situ electrochemical cathodic plasma exfoliation of a graphite/melamine composite. The plasma generated at the submerged surface of the graphite/melamine composite electrode not only exfoliated the graphite granules into graphene sheets but also induced the doping of nitrogen atoms. The sizes and morphologies of the graphene sheets, comprising four to five layers of graphene, were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tuning the concentration of melamine in the graphite/melamine composites led to different levels of nitrogen-doping in the graphene sheets; the stability of the nitrogen-doped graphene sheets was investigated in various harsh environments. Furthermore, the use of the 4.63 at% nitrogen-doped graphene sheets as anode materials resulted in lithium-ion batteries displaying excellent performance, with a capacity of 488 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) after 100 cycles that was better than that of the device incorporating pristine graphene sheets (344 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) after 100 cycles). This method is a new and tunable approach for producing massive amounts of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets from graphite powder at room temperature. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Seeing pressure in color based on integration o highly sensitive pressure sensor and emission tunable light emitting diode
(2019-11-25)
Shen, Tien-Lin
;
Chen, Chien-Tung
;
Liao, Yu-Kuang
;
Su, Teng-Yu
;
Liu, Che-Yu
We demonstrate a highly sensitive, low-cost, environmental-friendly pressure sensor derived from a wool-based pressure sensor with wide pressure sensing range using wool bricks embedded with a Ag nano-wires. The easy fabrication and light weight allow portable and wearable device applications. Wth the integration of a light-emitting diode possessing multi-wavelength emission, we illustrate a hybrid multi-functional LED-integrated pressure sensor that is able to convert different applied pressures to light emission with different wavelengths. Due to the high sensitivity of the pressure sensor, the demonstration of acoustic signal detection has also been presented using sound of a metronome and a speaker playing a song. This multi-functional pressure sensor can be implemented to technologies such as smart lighting, health care, visible light communication (VLC), and other internet of things (IoT) applications. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
A critical review on two-dimensional quantum dots (2D QDs): From synthesis toward applications in energy and optoelectronics
(2019-11-01)
Manikandan, Arumugam
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Chen, Yu-Ze
;
Shen, Chih-Chiang
;
Sher, Chin-Wei
;
Kuo, Hao-Chung
Recent advances in the development of quantum dots (QDs) have offered new possibilities for the exploration of sensors, bio imaging, batteries, electrochemical water splitting and optoelectronic applications because of their intriguing optical, electrical, catalytic and electrochemical properties. Among QDs, atomically thin two-dimensional quantum dots (2D QDs) derived from graphene sheets, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers and phosphorene have been of considerable interest for the past few years. There have been several intensive studies of carbon QDs, but TMD QDs and heterostructures based on 2D QDs are rapidly advancing. Herein, the synthesis and properties of 2D QDs, particularly carbon and TMD QDs, are reviewed for the recent progress in their application toward electrochemical water splitting, photocatalytic wastewater treatment, supercapacitors, batteries and photodetectors. Moreover, the assembly of such 2D QDs to achieve industrial-scale production and boost their performance in widespread applications is emphasized.
Electrochemically active novel amorphous carbon (a-C)/Cu3P peapod nanowires by low-temperature chemical vapor phosphorization reaction as high efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
(2019-09-20)
Manikandan, Arumugam
;
Sriram, Pavithra
;
Hsu, Kun-Chieh
;
Wang, Yi-Chung
;
Chen, Chia-Wei
Toward finding low-cost electrocatalysts with high catalytic properties to replace noble metals as high efficient electrocatalysts in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of total water splitting plays a vital role to approach the green and sustainable energy supply. Here, we demonstrate the direct growth of novel copper phosphide coated with amorphous carbon, namely heterostructured a-C/Cu3P peapod nanowires from chemically synthesized copper nanowires (Cu NWs) followed by a chemical vapor phosphorization reaction (CVPR) process at a low temperature of 400 degrees C. The heterostructured a-C/Cu3P peapod nanowires exhibit a superior electrocatalytic activity by a lower overpotential of 287 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) with a low Tafel slope of 72 mV dec(-1) and excellent stability over 1000 cycles. The superior electrocatalytic performance can be explained by the superior contact of the electrolyte with active sites on the heterostructured a-C/Cu3P due to the high surface area of peapod nanowire structure covered by defective edges of graphene with the encapsulated amorphous carbon layer, which can tremendously enhance electrical conductivity at the surface. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
An indoor light-activated 3D cone-shaped MoS2 bilayer-based NO gas sensor with PPb-level detection at room-temperature
(2019-06-07)
Chen, Yu-Ze
;
Wang, Sheng-Wen
;
Yang, Chun-Chuan
;
Chung, Chieh-Han
;
Wang, Yi-Chung
Utilization of light to boost the performance of gas sensors allows us to operate sensor devices at room temperature. Here, we, for the first time, demonstrated an indoor light-activated 3D cone-shaped MoS2 bilayer-based NO gas sensor with ppb-level detection operated at room-temperature. Large-area coneshaped (CS)-MoS2 bilayers were grown by depositing 2 nm-thick MoO3 layers on a 2'' three-dimensional (3D) cone-patterned sapphire substrate (CPSS) followed by a sulfurization process via chemical vapor deposition. Because the exposed area of MoS2 bilayers is increased by 30%, the CS-MoS2 gas sensor (GS) demonstrated excellent performance with a response of 470% and a fast response time of 25 s after exposure to 1 ppm of NO gas illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) light with a wavelength of 365 nm. Such extraordinary performance at room temperature is attributed to the enhanced light absorption because of the light scattering effect caused by the 3D configuration and photo-desorption induced by UV illumination. For NO concentrations ranging from 2 ppm down to 0.06 ppm, the CS-MoS2 GS demonstrated a stable sensing behavior with a high response and fast response time (470% and 25 s at 2 ppm NO) because of the light absorption enhanced by the 3D structure and photo-desorption under constant UV illumination. The CS-MoS2 GS exhibits a high sensitivity (189.2 R% ppm-1), allowing the detection of NO gas at 0.06 ppm in 130 s. In addition, the 3D cone-shaped structure prolonged the presence of sulfur vapor around MoO3, allowing MoO3 to react with sulfur completely. Furthermore, the CS-MoS2 GS using an indoor lighting to detect NO gas at room temperature was demonstrated for the first time where the CS-MoS2 GS exhibits a stable cycling behavior with a high response (165% at 1 ppm NO) in 50 s; for concentration as low as 0.06 ppm, the response of 75% in 150 s can be achieved.
Design of novel TiO2-SiO2 core-shell helical nanostructured anti-reflective coatings on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency
(2019-05-14)
Chen, Chia-Wei
;
Tsai, Hung-Wei
;
Wang, Yi-Chung
;
Su, Teng-Yu
;
Yang, Chen-Hua
Introducing an anti-reflective coating (ARC) is the last step of fabricating Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells with enhanced photo-generated current by reducing the reflectance of visible light. The use of nanostructures in ARC has been intensively investigated because this can prolong the optical path length by a scattering effect or by the formation of a refractive index gradient. Herein, we proposed the use of TiO2 helical nanostructures using glancing angle deposition (GLAD), and then synthesized SiO2 surrounding the helical nanostructures to further decrease the reflectance by producing a refractive index gradient. The optimized values of TiO2 and SiO2 thicknesses are 150 nm and 3 nm determined by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells. The suppression of reflectance led to enhanced light absorption across a broad wavelength range, and boosted the J(SC) from 20.66 to 22.51 mA cm(-2), resulting in improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.32 to 7.00% after applying the TiO2-SiO2 core-shell nanostructures as the ARC. This 10.75% PCE enhancement suggests that the novel TiO2-SiO2 core-shell nanostructures have great potential as ARC for Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells, and it would be beneficial for development in the photovoltaic field in both research and applications.
New Simultaneous Exfoliation and Doping Process for Generating MX2 Nanosheets for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
(2019-04-24)
Van-Truong Nguyen
;
Yang, Tzu-Yi
;
Phuoc Anh Le
;
Yen, Po-Jen
;
Chueh, Yu-Lun
Doping nonmetal atoms into layered transition metal dichalcogenide MX2 structures has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing their catalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction. In this study, we developed a new and efficient one-step approach that involves simultaneous plasma-induced doping and exfoliating of MX2 bulk into nanosheets-such as MoSe2, WSe2, MoS2, and WS2 nano sheets-within a short time and at a low temperature (ca. 80 degrees C). Specifically, by utilizing active plasma that is generated with an asymmetric electrical field during the electrochemical reaction at the surface of the submerged cathode tip, we are able to achieve doping of nitrogen atoms, from the electrolytes, into the semiconducting 2H-MX2 structures during their exfoliation process from the bulk states, forming N-doped MX2. We selected N-doped MoS2 nanosheets for demonstrating their catalytic hydrogen evolution potential. We modulated the electronic and transport properties of the MoS2 structure with the synergy of nitrogen doping and exfoliating for enhancing their catalytic activity. We found that the nitrogen concentration of 5.2 atom % at N-doped MoS2 nanosheets have an excellent catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, where a low overpotential of 164 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and a small Tafel slope of 71 dec mV(-1)-much lower than those of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets (207 mV, 82 dec mV(-1)) and bulk MoS2 (602 mV, 198 dec mV(-1))-as well as an extraordinary long-term stability of >25 h in 0.5 M H2SO4 can be achieved.
In-Situ Probing Plasmonic Energy Transfer in Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 Solar Cells by Ultrabroadband Femtosecond Pump-Probe Spectroscopy
(2015-12-18)
Chen, Shih-Chen
;
Wu, Kaung-Hsiung
;
Li, Jia-Xing
;
Yabushita, Atsushi
;
Tang, Shih-Han
In this work, we demonstrated a viable experimental scheme for in-situ probing the effects of Au nanoparticles (NPs) incorporation on plasmonic energy transfer in Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar cells by elaborately analyzing the lifetimes and zero moment for hot carrier relaxation with ultrabroadband femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. The signals of enhanced photobleach (PB) and waned photoinduced absorption (PIA) attributable to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au NPs were in-situ probed in transient differential absorption spectra. The results suggested that substantial carriers can be excited from ground state to lower excitation energy levels, which can reach thermalization much faster with the existence of SPR. Thus, direct electron transfer (DET) could be implemented to enhance the photocurrent of CIGS solar cells. Furthermore, based on the extracted hot carrier lifetimes, it was confirmed that the improved electrical transport might have been resulted primarily from the reduction in the surface recombination of photoinduced carriers through enhanced local electromagnetic field (LEMF). Finally, theoretical calculation for resonant energy transfer (RET)-induced enhancement in the probability of exciting electron-hole pairs was conducted and the results agreed well with the enhanced PB peak of transient differential absorption in plasmonic CIGS film. These results indicate that plasmonic energy transfer is a viable approach to boost high-efficiency CIGS solar cells.

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