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Mode-switching phenomena in periodic InGaN-based hexagon microcavity array
(2018-01-01)
Huang, Chia-Yen
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Dai, Tzu-Ying
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Lin, Jing-Jie
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Chang, Tsu-Chi
;
Liu, Che-Yu
The lasing behavior of InGaN-based microcavity array was strongly relevant to the excitation area. The stronger rod-to-rod optical interaction between the fundamental axial mode resulted its dominance in the collective lasing behavior.
Comparing PI3K/Akt Inhibitors Used in Ovarian Cancer Treatment
(2020-03-03)
Wu, Yi-Hui
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Huang, Yu-Fang
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Chen, Chien-Chin
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Huang, Chia-Yen
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Chou, Cheng-Yang
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Herein, we sought to determine the efficacy of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibition using three AZD compounds in a NOD-SCID xenograft mouse model and Akt regulation in a panel of eight ovarian cancer cell lines. Elevated Akt phosphorylation on Ser473 but not on Thr308 in cancerous tissues correlated with short progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and death. AZD8835 and AZD8186 inhibited Akt phosphorylation while AZD5363 augmented its phosphorylation on Ser473. To add, all compounds inhibited the Akt downstream effectors 4E-BP1 and p70S6 kinase. AZD8835 and AZD5363 sensitized chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment. Only AZD5363 could inhibit COL11A1 mRNA and promoter activity, which are important factors in Akt regulation and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. By using a mouse xenograft model, AZD8835 and AZD5363, but not AZD8186, caused a significant reduction in tumor formation. AZD compounds did not change the mRNA expression of BRCA1/BRCA in ovarian cancer cells, but AZD8835 inhibited BRCA1/BRCA2 mRNA expression and p-ERK protein expression in OVCAR-8 cells with the KRAS mutation. This study highlights the importance of PI3K/Akt in ovarian tumor progression and chemoresistance and the potential application of AZD compounds, especially AZD8835 and AZD5363, as therapeutic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Pilot Study to Establish a Novel Five-Gene Biomarker Panel for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Early Stage Endometrial Cancer
(2020-01-21)
Huang, Chia-Yen
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Liao, Kuang-Wen
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Chou, Chih-Hung
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Shrestha, Sirjana
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Yang, Chi-Dung
Introduction: In the United States and Europe, endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the key determinant of the prognosis and treatment of EEC. A biomarker that predicts LNM in patients with EEC would be beneficial, enabling individualized treatment. Current preoperative assessment of LNM in EEC is not sufficiently accurate to predict LNM and prevent overtreatment. This pilot study established a biomarker signature for the prediction of LNM in early stage EEC. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing in 24 clinically early stage (T1) EEC tumors (lymph nodes positive and negative in 6 and 18, respectively) from Cathay General Hospital and analyzed the RNA sequencing data of 289 patients with EEC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (lymph node positive and negative in 33 and 256, respectively). We analyzed clinical data including tumor grade, depth of tumor invasion, and age to construct a sequencing-based prediction model using machine learning. For validation, we used another independent cohort of early stage EEC samples (n = 72) and performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, a PCR-based prediction model and risk score formula were established. Results: Eight genes (ASRGL1, ESR1, EYA2, MSX1, RHEX, SCGB2A1, SOX17, and STX18) plus one clinical parameter (depth of myometrial invasion) were identified for use in a sequencing-based prediction model. After qRT-PCR validation, five genes (ASRGL1, RHEX, SCGB2A1, SOX17, and STX18) were identified as predictive biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that these five genes can predict LNM. Combined use of these five genes resulted in higher diagnostic accuracy than use of any single gene, with an area under the curve of 0.898, sensitivity of 88.9%, and specificity of 84.1%. The accuracy, negative, and positive predictive values were 84.7, 98.1, and 44.4%, respectively. Conclusion: We developed a five-gene biomarker panel associated with LNM in early stage EEC. These five genes may represent novel targets for further mechanistic study. Our results, after corroboration by a prospective study, may have useful clinical implications and prevent unnecessary elective lymph node dissection while not adversely affecting the outcome of treatment for early stage EEC.
Yolk sac tumor of endometrium: A case report and literature review
(2019-11-01)
Lin, Shih-Wen
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Hsieh, Shu-Wei
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Huang, Shih-Hung
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Liang, Hung-Shuo
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Huang, Chia-Yen
Objective: To report a rare case of endometrial yolk sac tumor (YST) and review published cases of YST of the endometrium. Case report: A 68-year-old female presented with intermittent vaginal spotting for nine months. An endometrial biopsy showed adenocarcinoma. Complete surgical staging operation was performed and the final pathology revealed stage II endometrial yolk sac tumor. The post-operative a-fetoprotein (AFP) level was 133.4 ng/mL. Post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) regimen was prescribed for 6 cycles. AFP levels were normal before the fourth cycle of chemotherapy. She is disease free 6 months after completion of therapy. Conclusion: Primary YSTs arising in the endometrium is an extremely rare disease especially in postmenopausal women. Complete surgical staging operation with adjuvant chemotherapy will lead to good outcome in this disease. (C) 2019 Taiwan Association of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.
Suppression of "volcano" morphology and parasitic defect luminescence in AlGaN-based deep-UV light-emitting diode epitaxy
(2019-06-01)
Huang, Chia-Yen
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Liu, Tsung-Yen
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Huang, Shih-Ming
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Chang, Kai-Hsiang
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Tai, Tsu-Ying
In this study we overcame several critical growth issues related to epitaxy in AlGaN deep-ultraviolet lightemitting diodes. Irregular-shaped pits with dislocation clusters were observed in micron-thick layers of AlGaN on AlN. The strain-induced morphology and defects were suppressed after the insertion of superlattice transition layers between the AlGaN and AlN layers. The defect luminescence in the active region was governed by radiative recombination through the oxygen shallow donors and deep acceptors related to III-vacancies. After optimization of the growth conditions and a decrease in growth interruption, the intensity of the parasitic blueband emission was suppressed by up to 95%. Energy dispersive spectroscopy suggests that the desorption of gallium from the surface is the major source of the III-vacancies.
Polypoid endometriosis - A rare entity of endometriosis mimicking ovarian cancer
(2019-05-01)
Tsai, Cleo
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Huang, Shih-Hung
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Huang, Chia-Yen
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生物科技學系
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Department of Biological Science and Technology
Objective: To report a rare case of polypoid endometriosis with initial impression of ovarian cancer and review the published literature about this disease. Case report: A 23-year-old female presented with sudden onset of acute lower abdominal pain. Image studies revealed an irregular shaped, heterogeneous mass at the cul-de-sac, but without ascites or enlargement of pelvic or paraaortic lymph nodes. Blood tests showed an elevated CA-125 value (1317 U/ ml). Resection of the mass was performed by laparotomy and the frozen section and final pathology both revealed polypoid endometriosis. Post-operative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was given for 6 months followed by oral contraceptives. She remained disease free 3 years after operation. Conclusion: Polypoid endometriosis is an uncommon and distinctive variant of endometriosis. Gynecologists should be aware of this rare form of a commonly benign disease to avoid excessive resection in younger patients of childbearing age. (C) 2019 Taiwan Association of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.
Analysis of Quality Factor Enhancement in the Monolithic InGaN/GaN Nanorod Array
(2019-04-01)
Huang, Chia-Yen
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Tai, Tzu-Ying
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Hong, Kuo-Bin
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Kuo, Hao-Chung
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Lu, Tien-Chang
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasers and resonators are key building blocks for photonic integrated circuits. The quality factor and resonant wavelength are strong functions of the cavity size. Nanoscale WGM cavities suffer from a low-quality factor due to prominent scattering loss. However, the quality factor could be enhanced by forming an optically-coupled rod array or photonic molecules. Through simulations, we revealed how rod-to-rod optical coupling influenced the threshold pumping level and dominant mode selection, where the trend showed good agreement with the experimental observation. According to the simulation, the quality factor could be enhanced by up to eight times by forming a six-rod photonic molecule. The quality factor and effective mode were both superior to the single rods with the same wafer device footprint.
Vaginal microbiome variances in sample groups categorized by clinical criteria of bacterial vaginosis
(2018-12-31)
Chen, Hui-Mei
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Chang, Tzu-Hao
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Lin, Feng-Mao
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Liang, Chao
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Chiu, Chih-Min
BackgroundOne of the most common and recurrent vaginal infections is bacterial vaginosis (BV). The diagnosis is based on changes to the normal vaginal microbiome; however, the normal microbiome appears to differ according to reproductive status and ethnicity, and even among individuals within these groups. The Amsel criteria and Nugent score test are widely used for diagnosing BV; however, these tests are based on different criteria, and so may indicate distinct changes in the vaginal microbial community. Nevertheless, few studies have compared the results of these test against metagenomics analysis.MethodsVaginal flora samples from 77 participants were classified according to the Amsel criteria and Nugent score test. The microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S ribosome RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and multivariate statistical analysis were used to evaluate the microbial diversity and function.ResultsOnly 3 % of the participants diagnosed BV negative using the Amsel criteria (A-) were BV-positive according to the Nugent score test (N+), while over half of the BV-positive patients using the Amsel criteria (A+) were BV-negative according to the Nugent score test (N-). Thirteen genera showed significant differences in distribution among BV status defined by BV tests (e.g., A-N-, A+N- and A+N+). Variations in the four most abundant taxa, Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Escherichia, were responsible for most of this dissimilarity. Furthermore, vaginal microbial diversity differed significantly among the three groups classified by the Nugent score test (N-, N+, and intermediate flora), but not between the Amsel criteria groups. Numerous predictive microbial functions, such as bacterial chemotaxis and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, differed significantly among multiple BV test, but not between the A- and A+ groups.ConclusionsMetagenomics analysis can greatly expand our current understanding of vaginal microbial diversity in health and disease. Metagenomics profiling may also provide more reliable diagnostic criteria for BV testing.
Mode-Hopping Phenomena in the InGaN-Based Core-Shell Nanorod Array Collective Lasing
(2018-07-01)
Huang, Chia-Yen
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Tai, Tzu-Ying
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Lin, Jing-Jie
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Chang, Tsu-Chi
;
Liu, Che-Yu
A two-dimensional monolithic InGaN-based core-shell it array was excited under a varying temperature. We observed an abrupt dominant mode hopping from 3.29 to 141 eV in the collective lasing as the temperature decreased from T = 240 to 225 K, Photoluminescence under a near-threshold pumping density revealed the splitting of spontaneous emission. between the core and the shell with a decreasing temperature. The bandgap evolution of GaN and InGaN showed opposite trends due to the interaction of temperature effects and bandgap renormalization effects. Theoretical simulation revealed the differences of gain spectra evolution between room lire and to temperature due to the difference the carrier dynamics, In the optically coupled nanorod array, the dominant lasing;mode was not only determined by it structure, but also strongly influenced by external operating conditions. Rattier than singular microcavity lasers the coupled nanorod array demonstrated a broader parameter space for on-chip wavelength manipulation.
CDC42 Negatively Regulates Testis-Specific SEPT12 Polymerization
(2018-09-01)
Huang, Chia-Yen
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Wang, Ya-Yun
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Chen, Ying-Liang
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Chen, Mei-Feng
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Chiang, Han-Sun
Septin (SEPT) genes encode well-preserved polymerizing GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins. The cellular functions of SEPTs consist of mitosis, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell polarity, and vesicle trafficking through interactions with various types of cytoskeletons. We discovered that mutated SEPTIN12 in different codons resulted in teratozoospermia or oligozoospermia. In mouse models with a defective Septin12 allele, sperm morphology was abnormal, sperm count decreased, and sperms were immotile. However, the regulators of SEPT12 are completely unknown. Some studies have indicated that CDC42 negatively regulates the polymerization of SEPT2/ 6/ 7 complexes in mammalian cell lines. In this study, we investigated whether CDC42 modulates SEPT12 polymerization and is involved in the terminal differentiation of male germ cells. First, through scanning electron microscopy analysis, we determined that the loss of Septin12 caused defective sperm heads. This indicated that Septin12 is critical for the formation of sperm heads. Second, CDC42 and SEPT12 were similarly localized in the perinuclear regions of the manchette at the head of elongating spermatids, neck region of elongated spermatids, and midpiece of mature spermatozoa. Third, wild-type CDC42 and CDC42Q61L (a constitutive-acting-mutant) substantially repressed SEPT12 polymerization, but CDC42T17N (a dominant-negative-acting mutant) did not, as evident through ectopic expression analysis. We concluded that CDC42 negatively regulates SEPT12 polymerization and is involved in terminal structure formation of sperm heads.

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