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EEG-based Measures of Auditory Saliency in a Complex Context
(2019-01-01)
Huang, Xun-Yi
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Cherng, Fu-Yin
;
King, Jung-Tai
;
Lin, Wen-Chieh
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資訊工程學系
Auditory saliency is an important mechanism that helps humans extract relevant information from environments. Audio notifications of mobile devices with high saliency can increase users' receptivity, yet overly high saliency could cause annoyance. Accurately measuring auditory saliency of a notification is critical for evaluating its usability. Previous studies adopted behavioral methods. However, their results may not accurately reflect auditory saliency as humans' perception of auditory saliency often involves complicated cognitive processes. Thus, we propose an electroencephalography (EEG)-based approach that can complement behavioral studies to provide a more nuanced analysis of auditory saliency. We evaluated our method by conducting an EEG experiment that measured the mismatch negativity and P3a of the sounds in realistic scenarios. We also conducted a behavioral experiment to link the EEG-based method with the behavioral method. The results suggested that EEG can provide detailed information about how human perceive auditory saliency and complement the behavioral measures.
How Does Gender Stereotype Affect the Memory of Advertisements? A Behavioral and Electroencephalography Study
(2020-07-14)
Lo, Shih-Yu
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King, Jung-Tai
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Lin, Chin-Teng
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傳播研究所
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通識教育中心
Previous studies have shown equivocal results about whether atypical or unusual events, compared with typical ones, facilitate or inhibit memory. We suspect that the indefinite findings could be partly due to the recall task used in these studies, as the participants might have used inference instead of recall in their responses. In the present study, we tested the recognition memory for real (Experiment 1) and fabricated (Experiment 2) advertisements, which could be congruent or incongruent with gender stereotypes. In congruent advertisements, a female endorser presented a traditionally considered feminine product or a male endorser presented a traditionally considered masculine product, whereas the gender-product type matching reversed in incongruent advertisements. The results of both behavioral experiments revealed that the participants' memory performance for stereotype-incongruent advertisements was higher than for congruent ones. In the event-related potential (ERP) recordings in Experiment 3, larger positive amplitudes were found for stereotype-incongruent advertisements than for congruent advertisements on the left parietal sites, suggesting a deeper encoding process for stereotype-incongruent information than for stereotype-congruent information.
Augmented Wire-Embedded Silicon-Based Dry-Contact Sensors for Electroencephalography Signal Measurements
(2020-04-01)
Lin, Chin-Teng
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Yu, Yi-Hsin
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King, Jung-Tai
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Liu, Chi-Hsien
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Liao, Lun-De
The aim of this study was to develop a novel dry electroencePhalography (EEG) sensor with a soft, pliable pad that conforms to the contours of the skin and skull providing a suitable surface contact area for collecting elec: trical potential signals and ensuring a reliable connection. In this study, based on our experience in developing flexible silver/silicon-based dry-contact sensors (SBDSs) for biognal measurements, we proposed a new, augmented weirle-embedded silicon-based dry-contact sensor (WSBDS) with a long lifespan and better performance in EEG measurements. The following two augmentation concepts were proposed in this design and implemented in fabrication: 1) the addition of a metal stud and 2) the embedding of copper wires into the fingers of an acicular SBDS. The forehead sensor is suitable for forehead EEG measurements, and the acicular sensor is designed for application to hair-covered sites, where it can overcome hair interference to achieve satisfactory scalp contact while maintaining low impedance at the skin-electrode interface. Finally, thisi faugm!nted WSBDS performed well in human EEG recording in a designed brain-computer interface (BCI) experiment and is easiblefor practical applications.
Exploring the Brain Responses to Driving Fatigue Through Simultaneous EEG and fNIRS Measurements
(2020-01-01)
Lin, Chin-Teng
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King, Jung-Tai
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Chuang, Chun-Hsiang
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Ding, Weiping
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Chuang, Wei-Yu
Fatigue is one problem with driving as it can lead to difficulties with sustaining attention, behavioral lapses, and a tendency to ignore vital information or operations. In this research, we explore multimodal physiological phenomena in response to driving fatigue through simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with the aim of investigating the relationships between hemodynamic and electrical features and driving performance. Sixteen subjects participated in an event-related lane-deviation driving task while measuring their brain dynamics through fNIRS and EEGs. Three performance groups, classified as Optimal, Suboptimal, and Poor, were defined for comparison. From our analysis, we find that tonic variations occur before a deviation, and phasic variations occur afterward. The tonic results show an increased concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO(2)) and power changes in the EEG theta, alpha, and beta bands. Both dynamics are significantly correlated with deteriorated driving performance. The phasic EEG results demonstrate event-related desynchronization associated with the onset of steering vehicle in all power bands. The concentration of phasic HbO(2) decreased as performance worsened. Further, the negative correlations between tonic EEG delta and alpha power and HbO(2) oscillations suggest that activations in HbO(2) are related to mental fatigue. In summary, combined hemodynamic and electrodynamic activities can provide complete knowledge of the brain's responses as evidence of state changes during fatigue driving.
Extraction of SSVEPs-Based Inherent Fuzzy Entropy Using a Wearable Headband EEG in Migraine Patients
(2020-01-01)
Cao, Zehong
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Lin, Chin-Teng
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Lai, Kuan-Lin
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Ko, Li-Wei
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King, Jung-Tai
Inherent fuzzy entropy is an objective measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) complexity reflecting the robustness of brain systems. In this study, we present a novel application of multiscale relative inherent fuzzy entropy using repetitive steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) to investigate EEG complexity change between two migraine phases, i.e., interictal (baseline) and preictal (before migraine attacks) phases. We used a wearable headband EEG device with O1, Oz, O2, and Fpz electrodes to collect EEG signals from 80 participants [40 migraine patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs)] under the following two conditions: During resting state and SSVEPs with five 15-Hz photic stimuli. We found a significant enhancement in occipital EEG entropy with increasing stimulus times in both HCs and patients in the interictal phase, but a reverse trend in patients in the preictal phase. In the 1st SSVEP, occipital EEG entropy of the HCs was significantly lower than that of patents in the preictal phase (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). Regarding the transitional variance of EEG entropy between the 1st and 5th SSVEPs, patients in the preictal phase exhibited significantly lower values than patients in the interictal phase (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the classification model, the AdaBoost ensemble learning showed an accuracy of 81 $ \pm $ 6 & x0025; and area under the curve of 0.87 for classifying interictal and preictal phases. In contrast, there were no differences in EEG entropy among groups or sessions by using other competing entropy models, including approximate entropy, sample entropy, and fuzzy entropy on the same dataset. In conclusion, inherent fuzzy entropy offers novel applications in visual stimulus environments and may have the potential to provide a preictal alert to migraine patients.
Design and Verification of a Dry Sensor-Based Multi-Channel Digital Active Circuit for Human Brain Electroencephalography Signal Acquisition Systems
(2019-11-01)
Lin, Chin-Teng
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Liu, Chi-Hsien
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Wang, Po-Sheng
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King, Jung-Tai
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Liao, Lun-De
A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a type of interface/communication system that can help users interact with their environments. Electroencephalography (EEG) has become the most common application of BCIs and provides a way for disabled individuals to communicate. While wet sensors are the most commonly used sensors for traditional EEG measurements, they require considerable preparation time, including the time needed to prepare the skin and to use the conductive gel. Additionally, the conductive gel dries over time, leading to degraded performance. Furthermore, requiring patients to wear wet sensors to record EEG signals is considered highly inconvenient. Here, we report a wireless 8-channel digital active-circuit EEG signal acquisition system that uses dry sensors. Active-circuit systems for EEG measurement allow people to engage in daily life while using these systems, and the advantages of these systems can be further improved by utilizing dry sensors. Moreover, the use of dry sensors can help both disabled and healthy people enjoy the convenience of BCIs in daily life. To verify the reliability of the proposed system, we designed three experiments in which we evaluated eye blinking and teeth gritting, measured alpha waves, and recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to compare our developed system with a standard Neuroscan EEG system.
The effects of different fatigue levels on brain-behavior relationships in driving
(1970-01-01)
Huang, Kuan-Chih
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Chuang, Chun-Hsiang
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Wang, Yu-kai
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Hsieh, Chi-Yuan
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King, Jung-Tai
Background In the past decade, fatigue has been regarded as one of the main factors impairing task performance and increasing behavioral lapses during driving, even leading to fatal car crashes. Although previous studies have explored the impact of acute fatigue through electroencephalography (EEG) signals, it is still unclear how different fatigue levels affect brain-behavior relationships. Methods A longitudinal study was performed to investigate the brain dynamics and behavioral changes in individuals under different fatigue levels by a sustained attention task. This study used questionnaires in combination with actigraphy, a noninvasive means of monitoring human physiological activity cycles, to conduct longitudinal assessment and tracking of the objective and subjective fatigue levels of recruited participants. In this study, degrees of effectiveness score (fatigue rating) are divided into three levels (normal, reduced, and high risk) by the SAFTE fatigue model. Results Results showed that those objective and subjective indicators were negatively correlated to behavioral performance. In addition, increased response times were accompanied by increased alpha and theta power in most brain regions, especially the posterior regions. In particular, the theta and alpha power dramatically increased in the high-fatigue (high-risk) group. Additionally, the alpha power of the occipital regions showed an inverted U-shaped change. Conclusion Our results help to explain the inconsistent findings among existing studies, which considered the effects of only acute fatigue on driving performance while ignoring different levels of resident fatigue, and potentially lead to practical and precise biomathematical models to better predict the performance of human operators.
Infant Brain Detects Inconsistency Between Belief and Action: An Electroencephalography Study
(2019-09-01)
Chou, Yu-Ju
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King, Jung-Tai
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腦科學研究中心
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Brain Research Center
A Wireless Multifunctional SSVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interface Assistive System
(2019-09-01)
Lin, Chin-Teng
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Chiu, Ching-Yu
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Singh, Avinash Kumar
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King, Jung-Tai
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Ko, Li-Wei
Several kinds of brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have been proposed to compensate for the lack of medical technology for assisting patients who lose the ability to use motor functions to communicate with the outside world. However, most of the proposed systems are limited by their nonportability, impracticality, and inconvenience because of the adoption of wired or invasive electroencephalography acquisition devices. Another common limitation is the shortage of functions provided because of the difficulty of integrating multiple functions into one BCI system. In this paper, we propose a wireless, non-invasive and multifunctional assistive system which integrates steady state visually evoked potential-based BCI and a robotic arm to assist patients to feed themselves. Patients are able to control the robotic arm via the BCI to serve themselves food. Three other functions: 1) video entertainment; 2) video calling; and 3) active interaction are also integrated. This is achieved by designing a functional menu and integrating multiple subsystems. A refinement decision-making mechanism is incorporated to ensure the accuracy and applicability of the system. Fifteen participants were recruited to validate the usability and performance of the system. The averaged accuracy and information transfer rate achieved is 90.91% and 24.94 bit per min, respectively. The feedback from the participants demonstrates that this assistive system is able to significantly improve the quality of daily life.
To Repeat or Not to Repeat? Redesigning Repeating Auditory Alarms Based on EEG Analysis
(2019-01-01)
Lee, Yi-Chen
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Cherng, Fu-Yin
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King, Jung-Tai
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Lin, Wen-Chieh
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資訊工程學系
Auditory alarms that repeatedly interrupt users until they react are common, especially in the context of alarms. However, when an alarm repeats, our brains habituate to it and perceive it less and less, with reductions in both perception and attention-shifting: a phenomenon known as the repetition-suppression effect (RS). To retain users' perception and attention, this paper proposes and tests the use of pitch-and intensity-modulated alarms. Its experimental findings suggest that the proposed modulated alarms can reduce RS, albeit in different patterns, depending on whether pitch or intensity is the focus of the modulation. Specifically, pitch-modulated alarms were found to reduce RS more when the number of repetitions was small, while intensity-modulated alarms reduced it more as the number of repetitions increased. Based on these results, we make several recommendations for the design of improved repeating alarms, based on which modulation approach should be adopted in various situations.

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