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Unusual Emission of Polystyrene-Based Alternating Copolymers Incorporating Aminobutyl Maleimide Fluorophore-Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles
(2017-03-01)
Mohamed, Mohamed Gamal
;
Jheng, Yu-Ru
;
Yeh, Shu-Ling
;
Chen, Tao
;
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
In this study, we synthesized an unusual 2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MIPOSS-NHBu) monomer lacking conventional fluorescent groups. We then prepared poly(styrene-alt-2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl POSS) [poly(S-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu)] and poly(4-acetoxystyrene-alt-2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl POSS) [poly(AS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu)] copolymers through facile free radical copolymerizations using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator and tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. A poly(4-hydroxystyrene-alt-2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl POSS) [poly(HS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu)] copolymer was prepared through acetoxyl hydrazinolysis of poly(AS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu). We employed H-1, C-13, and Si-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry; and photoluminescence spectroscopy to investigate the structures and the thermal and optical properties of the monomers and novel POSS-containing alternating copolymers. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and dihydrofuran-2,5-dione group and clustering of the locked C = O groups from the POSS nanoparticles in the MIPOSS-NHBu units restricted the intramolecular motion of the polymer chain, causing it to exhibit strong light emission. As a result, the MIPOSS-NHBu monomer and the poly(AS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu) copolymer both have potential applicability in the detection of metal ions with good selectivity.
Syntheses and specific interactions of poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate-b-vinyl pyrrolidone) diblock copolymers and comparisons with their corresponding miscible blend systems
(2006-09-20)
Huang, Chih-Feng
;
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
;
Lin, Fang-Ju
;
Wang, Chih-Feng
;
Hung, Chen-Jui
Combination of atom transfer radical and conventional free radical polymerizations has been successfully used to prepare poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-b-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PHEMA-b-PVP) copolymers with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity (< 1.4). The thermal behavior and specific interaction of PHEMA-b-PVP diblock copolymers and their corresponding PHEMA/PVP blends were characterized. The result shows that glass transition temperatures of diblock copolymers analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are higher than those of the blends. Infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopic analyses show that hydrogen-bonding interaction of hydroxyl-carbonyl groups of diblock copolymers was also greater than that of the blends. Measurement of the proton spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, (T-1P(H)), reveals that all diblock copolymers and blends possess one composition-dependent T H, indicating that both diblock copolymers and blends are homogeneous, which is consistent with the DSC analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing copolymers for negative-type photoresists
(2006-09-22)
Lin, Ho-May
;
Wu, Shi-Yin
;
Huang, Pei-Yuan
;
Huang, Chih-Feng
;
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
A series of methacrylate copolymers containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was synthesized from the free radical copolymerization of methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, and isobutyl propylmethacryl polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes, and then were modified with glycidyl methacrylate to serve as negative-type photoresists. The UV/Vis spectroscopy reveals that the incorporation of POSS moiety into the copolymer results in a slight decrease in transparency from 99 to 92.5% (at wavelength = 365 nm). The photosensitivity in terms of resist sensitivity (D-n(0.5)), contrast (gamma), and photopolymerization rate are significantly increased with increase in the POSS content. In addition, the induction time is reduced from 0.520 to 0.515 min after incorporating the POSS unit based on photo-DSC analyses. These observed results can be rationalized as due to hydrogen bonding interactions between siloxane and hydroxyl groups in copolymers which tend to attract the methacrylate double bonds surrounding POSS units to crosslink, thereby enhancing the photopolymerization rate and sensitivity. We further evaluate the lithographic property of a photoresist under a collimated exposure.
Syntheses and specific interactions of poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-block-poly(vinyl phenol) copolymers obtained via a combination of ring-opening and atom-transfer radical polymerizations
(2006-11-01)
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
;
Huang, Chih-Feng
;
Lu, Chu-Hua
;
Lin, Ho-May
;
Jeong, Kwang-Un
A series of PCL-b-PVPh diblock copolymers were prepared through combinations of ring-opening and atom-transfer radical polymerizations of c-caprolactone and 4-acetoxystyrene, and subsequent selective hydrolysis of the acetyl protective group. This PCL-b-PVPh diblock copolymer shows a single glass transition temperature over the entire composition range, indicating that this copolymer is able to form a miscible amorphous phase due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl of PVPh and the carbonyl of PCL. In addition, DSC analyses also indicated that the PCL-b-PVPh diblock copolymers have higher glass transition temperatures than their corresponding PCL/PVPh blends. FT-IR was used to study the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the PVPh hydroxyl group and the PCL carbonyl group at various compositions.
Synthesis and characterization of a vinyl-terminated benzoxazine monomer and its blends with poly(ethylene oxide)
(2007-03-15)
Huang, Jieh-Ming
;
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
;
Lee, Yuan-Jyh
;
Chang, Feng-Chiih
;
應用化學系
A vinyl-terminated benzoxazine (VB-a), which could be polymerized through ring-opening polymerization, was synthesized through the Mannich condensation of bisphenol A, formaldehyde, and allylamine. This VB-a monomer Was then subjected to blending with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), followed by thermal curing, to form poly(VB-a)/PEO blends. The specific interactions, miscibility, morphology, and thermal properties of these blends were investigated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Before curing, we found that PEO was miscible with VB-a, as evidenced by the existence of a single composition-dependent glass transition temperature (T-g) for each composition. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups of poly(VB-a) and the ether groups of PEO. Indeed, the ring-opening reaction and subsequent polymerization of the benzoxazine were facilitated significantly by the presence of PEO. After curing, DMA results indicated that the 50/50 poly(VB-a)/PEO blend exhibited two values of T-g: one broad peak appeared in the lower temperature region, whereas the other (at ca. 327 degrees C, in the higher temperature region) was higher than that of pristine poly (VB-a) (301 degrees C). The presence of two glass transitions in the blend suggested that this blend system was only partially miscible. Moreover, SEM micrographs indicated that the poly(VB-a)/PEO blends were heterogeneous. The volume fraction of PEO in the blends had a strong effect on the morphology. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, lnc.
Supramolecular micellization of diblock copolymer mixtures mediated by hydrogen bonding for the observation of separated coil and chain aggregation in common solvents
(2008-02-01)
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
;
Tung, Pao-Hsaing
;
Lai, Chih-Ling
;
Jeong, Kwang-Un
;
Chang, Feng-Chih
This paper describes a new approach towards preparing self-assembled hydrogen-bonded complexes that have vesicle and patched spherical structures from two species of block copolymer in non-selective solvents. The assembly of vesicles from the intermolecular complex formed after mixing polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PS-b-PVPh) with poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PMMA-b-P4VP) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is driven by strong hydrogen bonding between the complementary binding sites on the PVPh and P4VP blocks. In contrast, well-defined patched spherical micelles form after blending PS-b-PVPh with weaker hydrogen bonds form between the PVPh and P4VP blocks in DMF, relative to those in THF, which results in the formation of spherical micelles that have compartmentalized coronas that consist of PS and PMMA blocks.
Synthesis and self-assembly of helical polypeptide-random coil amphiphilic diblock copolymer
(2008-05-01)
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
;
Lee, Hsin-Fang
;
Huang, Chih-Feng
;
Huang, Cheng-Jynn
;
Chang, Feng-Chih
Three amphiphilic rod-coil diblock copolymers, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-b-/-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PEOz-b-PBLG),G), incorporating the same-length PEOz block length and various lengths of their PBLG blocks, were synthesized through a combining of living cationic and N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring-opening polymerizations. In the bulk, these block copolymers display thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior. The self-assembled aggregates that formed from these diblock copolymers in aqueous solution exhibited morphologies that differed from those obtained in alpha-helicogenic solvents, that is, solvents in which the PBLG blocks adopt rigid alpha-helix conformations. In aqueous solution, the block copolymers self-assembled into spherical micelles and vesicular aggregates because of their amphiphilic structures. In helicogenic solvents (in this case, toluene and benzyl alcohol), the PEOz-b-PBLG copolymers exhibited rod-coil chain properties, which result in a diverse array of aggregate morphologies (spheres, vesicles, ribbons, and tube nanostructures) and thermoreversible gelation behavior. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Self-Assembled Structure of the Diblock Copolymer PCL-b-P4VP Transforms Upon Competitive Interactions with Octaphenol Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
(2009-12-16)
Lu, Chu-Hua
;
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
;
Chang, Wen-Teng
;
Chang, Feng-Chih
;
應用化學系
This paper describes the miscibility and self-assembly, mediated by hydrogen-bonding interactions, of new block copolymer/nanoparticle blends. The morphologies adopted by the immiscible poly[(epsilon-caprolactone)-block-(4-vinyl pyridine)] (PCL-b-P4VP) diblock copolymer changes upon increasing the number of competitive hydrogen-bonding interactions after adding increasing amounts of octaphenol polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OP-POSS). Transmission electron microscopy reveals morphologies that exhibit high degrees of long-range order, such as cylindrical and spherical structures, at relatively low OP-POSS contents, and short-range order or disordered structures at higher OP-POSS contents. Analyses performed using differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and FT-IR spectroscopy provide positive evidence that the pyridyl units of the P4VP block are significantly stronger hydrogen-bond acceptors toward the OH group of OP-POSS than are the C=O groups of the PCL block, thereby resulting in excluded and confined PCL phases.
Star Block Copolymers Through Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization From Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Core
(2010-06-15)
Lu, Chu-Hua
;
Wang, Jui-Hsu
;
Chang, Feng-Chih
;
Kuo, Shiao-Wei
;
應用化學系
A series of star block copolymers were prepared through nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) from polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticle by core-first polymerization. Eight N-alkoxyamine groups were incorporated onto the eight corners of a POSS cube through quantitative hydrosilylation through addition of octakis(dimethylsiloxy)silsesquioxane (O(8)M(8)(H) POSS) with 1-(2-(allyloxy)-1-phenylethoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine (allyl-TEMPO) and Karstedt's agent (a platinum divinylsiloxane complex) was used as a catalyst. Octa-N-alkoxyamines POSS (OT-POSS) were used as platform to synthesize star polystyrene-POSS ((PS)(8)-POSS) homopolymer and diblock copolymers of poly(styrene-block-4-vinyl-pyridine)-POSS ((PS-b-P4VP)(8)-POSS) and poly(styrene-block-acetoxystyrene) ((PS-b-PAS)(8)-POSS) through NMRP. In addition, subsequent selective hydrolysis of the acetyl protective group of (PS-b-PAS)(8)-POSS, the poly(styrene-block-vinyl phenol) ((PS-b-PVPh)(8)-POSS) with strong hydrogen bonding group was obtained. The detailed chemical structure and self-assembled structures of these star block copolymers based on POSS were characterized by (1)H NMR, FTIR, SEC, TEM, and SAXS analyses.

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