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Metabolic labelling of cholesteryl glucosides in Helicobacter pylori reveals how the uptake of human lipids enhances bacterial virulence
(2016-01-01)
Jan, Hau-Ming
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Chen, Yi-Chi
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Shih, Yu-Yin
;
Huang, Yu-Chen
;
Tu, Zhijay
Helicobacter pylori infects approximately half of the human population and is the main cause of various gastric diseases. This pathogen is auxotrophic for cholesterol, which it converts upon uptake to various cholesteryl alpha-glucoside derivatives, including cholesteryl 6'-acyl and 6'-phosphatidyl alpha-glucosides (CAGs and CPGs). Owing to a lack of sensitive analytical methods, it is not known if CAGs and CPGs play distinct physiological roles or how the acyl chain component affects function. Herein we established a metabolite-labelling method for characterising these derivatives qualitatively and quantitatively with a femtomolar detection limit. The development generated an MS/MS database of CGds, allowing for profiling of all the cholesterol-derived metabolites. The subsequent analysis led to the unprecedented information that these bacteria acquire phospholipids from the membrane of epithelial cells for CAG biosynthesis. The resulting increase in longer or/and unsaturated CAG acyl chains helps to promote lipid raft formation and thus delivery of the virulence factor CagA into the host cell, supporting the idea that the host/pathogen interplay enhances bacterial virulence. These findings demonstrate an important connection between the chain length of CAGs and the bacterial pathogenicity.
Design of Artificial Hollow Moth-Eye Structures Using Anodic Nanocones for High-Performance Optics
(2010-12-28)
Wu, Chia-Tien
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Cheng, Chieh
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Wu, Chung-Shu
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Ting, Huai-Chen
We demonstrated an innovative approach for the fabrication of self-organized, hollow-to-solid nanocone arrays, using a decoupling two-step anodization of an Al/Ta interlayer on a substrate. The porosity of the hollow nanostructures was tunable by the deposited thickness of Ta film. We also employed subwavelength nanocone arrays as Moth-eye structures for high-performance antireflection coatings. These oxide nanostructures greatly suppressed reflectance over a large range of wavelengths and angles of incidence and displayed a good mechanical stability. When a corresponding porosity was designed, these nanostructures could be applied to various substrates for an effective antireflection coating. In addition, we were able to customize antireflection coatings for various types of substrates or materials of interest based on the suitable coating of initial Ta thickness.
Synthesis of Oligomeric Mannosides and Their Structure-Binding Relationship with Concanavalin A
(2014-07-01)
Li, Chen-Wei
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Hon, Kai-Wei
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Ghosh, Bhaswati
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Li, Po-Han
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Lin, Hsien-Ya
Small glycodendrimers with a-mannosyl ligands were synthesized by using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne coupling chemistry and some of these molecules were used as multivalent ligands to study the induction of concanavalin A (Con A) precipitation. The results showed that the monovalent mannose ligand could induce the precipitation of Con A. This unexpected finding initiated a series of studies to characterize the molecular basis of the ligand-lectin interaction. The atypical precipitation is found to be specific to the mannose, fluorescein moiety (FITC), and Con A. Apparently the mannose ligand binds to Con A through hydrogen-bonding interactions, whereas the binding of FITC is mediated by hydrophobic forces.
Total Synthesis of a Glycoglycerolipid from Meiothermus taiwanensis through a One-Pot Glycosylation Reaction and Exploration of its Immunological Properties
(2013-12-01)
Ghosh, Bhaswati
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Lai, Yen-Hsun
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Shih, Yu-Yin
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Pradhan, Tapan Kumar
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Lin, Chun-Hung
The total synthesis of a glycoglycerolipid isolate of Meiothermus taiwanensis and its truncated structural analogues is reported. Our synthesis employed DMF-modulated and low-concentration glycosylation reactions for the construction of - and -glycosidic bonds in the absence of participating protecting groups. Further simplification of the synthesis was achieved by employing a low-concentration one-pot glycosylation procedure. Preliminary immunological studies showed that one of the truncated structural analogues suppressed the cytokine production of THP-1 monocytes.
Metamorphosing the SASW Method by 2D Wavefield Transformation
(2012-08-01)
Lin, Chun-Hung
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Lin, Chih-Ping
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交大名義發表
;
National Chiao Tung University
Dispersion analysis in surface wave testing is conventionally associated with a certain method of data acquisition, such as phase angle analysis in the two-station spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) method and two-dimensional (2D) multistation wavefield transformation in the multistation analysis of surface wave (MASW) method. A new procedure has been developed to reconstruct the SASW data as MASW-imitating data, taking advantage of the 2D multistation wavefield transformation to better analyze the SASW data. Numerical simulations and a real-world example demonstrate the feasibility of this procedure, but also reveal an unwanted side effect associated with aliasing. A common-receiver survey is proposed for future experiments to eliminate this unwanted side effect and at the same time increase the lateral resolution. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000657. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Stable superhydrophobic polybenzoxazine surfaces over a wide pH range
(2006-09-26)
Wang, Chih-Feng
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Wang, Yi-Ting
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Tung, Pao-Hsiang
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Kuo, Shiao-Wei
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Lin, Chun-Hung
In this study, we report on a simple two-step casting process designed to create a stable superhydrophobic surface. This method possesses the advantages of being both simple and inexpensive as well as utilizing non-fluorine-containing compounds. Most interestingly, we found that the as-prepared surface possesses superhydrophobic properties not only for pure water but also for corrosive water under both acidic and basic conditions. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic polybenzoxazine surfaces had excellent environmental stability with regard to both heating and organic solvent treatment in terms of the contact angle to water.
Effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on low-surface-energy material of poly(vinylphenol)
(2007-04-07)
Lin, Han-Ching
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Wang, Chih-Feng
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Kuo, Shiao-Wei
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Tung, Pao-Hsiang
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Huang, Chih-Feng
We discovered that poly(vinylphenol) (PVPh) possesses an extremely low surface energy (15.7 mJ/m(2)) after a simple thermal treatment procedure, even lower than that of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) ( 2.0 mJ/m(2)) calculated on the basis of the two-liquid geometric method. Infrared analyses indicate that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of PVPh decreases by converting the hydroxyl group into a free hydroxyl and increasing intramolecular hydrogen bonding after thermal treatment. PVPh results in a lower surface energy because of the decrease of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups. In addition, we also compared surface energies of PVPh-co-PS (polystyrene) copolymers (random and block) and their corresponding blends. Again, these random copolymers possess a lower fraction of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and surface energy than the corresponding block copolymers or blends after similar thermal treatment. This finding provides a unique and easy method to prepare a low-surface-energy material through a simple thermal treatment procedure without using fluoro polymers or silicones.
Self-organized tantalum oxide nanopyramidal arrays for antireflective structure
(2007-04-23)
Wu, Chia-Tien
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Ko, Fu-Hsiang
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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材料科學與工程學系
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材料科學與工程學系奈米科技碩博班
A self-organized tantalum oxide nanopyramidal structure without tedious semiconductor processing is proposed in this letter. Construction of pyramid arrays with a close-packed periodicity of 200 nm and a height of 200 nm was achieved by the anodic alumina template method directly on the substrate. The tantalum oxide nanopyramidal structure was formed as the underlying tantalum film oxidized and localized precisely by the pore of alumina. The reflectance from the spectroscopic measurement suggests that the nanopyramidal array structures have more broadband antireflection (< 2%) than the nanodot arrays and thin film structures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Effect of lateral heterogeneity on surface wave testing: Numerical simulations and a countermeasure
(2007-06-01)
Lin, Chih-Ping
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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土木工程學系
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Department of Civil Engineering
The surface wave (S-wave) method has gained popularity in engineering practice for determining S-wave velocity depth profiles. A growing trend is towards the application of S-wave testing for spatially 2-D S-wave velocity tomography, ignoring the assumption of horizontally layered medium. A fourth-order velocity-stress finite difference method is used to perform numerical simulations of S-wave testing in earth models with lateral variation. Results show that the lateral heterogeneity induces a non-stationary property in the space domain, resulting in false depth-related dispersion or higher modes if conventional approach based on stationary assumption is used for the dispersion analysis. Artifacts maybe introduced in spatially 2-D S-wave velocity imaging if the effect of lateral heterogeneity is not accounted for. As a potential countermeasure, a high-lateral-resolution S-wave method is proposed to reduce the effect of lateral heterogeneity while maintaining the resolution and depth range of dispersion analysis. It consists of a walk-away survey and a phase-seaming procedure when synthesizing seismograms with different nearest source-to-receiver offset, allowing wide-wavelength dispersion analysis within a small spatial range. The proof of concept is given with several numerical examples. They show that the high-resolution S-wave method can greatly alleviate the effect of lateral heterogeneity and increase spatial resolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of the mask magnification on imaging in hyper-NA lithography
(2007-06-01)
Lin, Chun-Hung
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Chen, Hsuen-Li
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Ko, Fu-Hsiang
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材料科學與工程學系奈米科技碩博班
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Graduate Program of Nanotechnology , Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Argon fluoride laser (ArF) lithography using immersion technology has the potential to extend the application of optical lithography to 45 nm half-pitch and possibly beyond. By keeping the same 4X magnification factor, the dimensions of the structures on masks are becoming comparable to the exposure wavelength or even smaller. The polarization effect induced by mask features is, however, an issue. The introduction of a larger mask magnification should be strongly considered when poor diffraction efficiencies from subwavelength mask features and the resulting image degradation would be encountered in hyper-NA lithography. The dependence of the diffraction efficiencies on mask pitch and illuminating angle are evaluated. The near-field intensity and phase distributions from the mask are calculated. The imaging performance of 4X and 8X masks for the sub-45 nm node are explored. A rigorous coupled-wave analysis is developed and employed to analyze the optical diffraction from the 3D topographic periodic features. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America

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