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Plasmonic nanolasers based on graphene-insulator-metal platform
(2019-01-01)
Lu, Tien-Chang
;
光電工程學系
;
Department of Photonics
The development of laser miniaturizing is never stop; several kinds of approaches such as microdisk lasers and nanowire lasers, have been exploited to scale down the sizes of cavity by using surface plasmons in replacement of photonic resonance in the laser cavity. Graphene is a membrane with thickness of only one atom and the carrier mobility can be as high as about 15000 cm(2)/V.s. Until now graphene has been widely used for many optoelectronics applications, for example, ultrafast photodetector, modulator, biosensor, transparent electrode and so on. As far as plasmonic laser is concerned, since the insulator layer on the metal structure is required to be very thin, it seems to be feasible to add a single-layered graphene in between the nanowire and metal while preserving the capability of forming surface plasmon polariton (SPP). Besides, we would like to take advantage of good electrical property of graphene to make a plasmonic nanolaser which can be modulated by externally applied current. By adding graphene on the insulator can form a versatile platform, called graphene-insulator-metal (GIM) structure, that can modulate the plasmonic wave characteristics. In this study, we successfully fabricated and demonstrated the SPP nanolaser on GIM structure. The lasing threshold of ZnO nanowire on aluminum with graphene was lower than that without graphene. It was attributed to the changes of plasmon frequency of metal resulting from the induced electrons or holes by graphene.
Plasmonic Nanolasers Enhanced by Hybrid Graphene-Insulator-Metal Structures
(2019-08-01)
Li, Heng
;
Li, Jhu-Hong
;
Hong, Kuo-Bin
;
Yu, Min-Wen
;
Chun, Yi-Cheng
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) structure that creates a linear relationship between energy and momentum that not only forms massless Dirac fermions with extremely high group velocity but also exhibits a broadband transmission from 300 to 2500 nm that can be applied to many optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, light-emitting devices, touchscreens, ultrafast photodetectors, and lasers. Although the plasmonic resonance of graphene occurs in the terahertz band, graphene can be combined with a noble metal to provide a versatile platform for supporting surface plasmon waves. In this study, we propose a hybrid graphene-insulator-metal (GIM) structure that can modulate the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) dispersion characteristics and thus influence the performance of plasmonic nanolasers. Compared with values obtained when graphene is not used on an Al template, the propagation length of SPP waves can be increased 2-fold, and the threshold of nanolasers is reduced by 50% when graphene is incorporated on the template. The GIM structure can be further applied in the future to realize electrical control or electrical injection of plasmonic devices through graphene.
ZnO-Based Microcavities Sculpted by Focus Ion Beam Milling
(2016-06-30)
Chang, Tsu-Chi
;
Hong, Kuo-Bin
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Lai, Ying-Yu
;
Chou, Yu-Hsun
;
Wang, Shing-Chung
We reported an easy fabrication method to realize ZnO-based microcavities with various cavity shapes by focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The optical characteristics of different shaped microcavities have been systematically carried out and analyzed. Through comprehensive studies of cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectra, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) was observed in different shaped microcavities. Up further increasing excitation, the lasing action was dominated by these WGMs and matched very well to the simulated results. Our experiment shows that ZnO microcavities with different shapes can be made with high quality by FIB milling for specific applications of microlight sources and optical devices.
Surface plasmon polariton nanolasers: Coherent light sources for new applications
(2018-11-01)
Chou, Yu-Hsun
;
Chang, Chia-Jui
;
Lin, Tzy-Rong
;
Lu, Tien-Chang
;
光電工程學系
The invention of the Internet and mobile devices has caused tremendous changes in human lives over the past two decades. Information technology has broken through limitations of geospatial space, enabling extremely high-speed data transmission and new types of data services. In recent years, demands for data processing have shown an increasing trend. Furthermore, data generated from internet-related applications such as cloud services and self-driving technology are likely to grow exponentially over the coming years. Currently, data transmission inside integrated circuits mainly relies on metal wires. However, the substantial resistive-capacitive delay and energy loss that are caused by metal wires limit data transmission speeds. Optical interconnection has been regarded as a major solution to efficiently reduce energy consumption and increase data transmission speeds. The size of conventional semiconductor laser devices, which are the key component in optical interconnection, cannot be smaller than the wavelength of light, which is a fundamental physical obstacle to lasers integrating with current electronic integrated circuits in reasonable volumes. To realize optical interconnection, the volume of the laser device must match the existing electronic components. Recently, the use of diffraction-unlimited plasmonic lasers has been successfully demonstrated, and these have great potential in different applications. In this paper, we discuss the recent progress toward surface plasmon polariton lasers and provide practical insights into the challenges in realizing these novel devices.
Ultracompact Pseudowedge Plasmonic Lasers and Laser Arrays
(2018-02-01)
Chou, Yu-Hsun
;
Hong, Kuo-Bin
;
Chang, Chun-Tse
;
Chang, Tsu-Chi
;
Huang, Zhen-Ting
Concentrating light at the deep subwavelength scale by utilizing plasmonic effects has been reported in various optoelectronic devices with intriguing phenomena and functionality. Plasmonic waveguides with a planar structure exhibit a two-dimensional degree of freedom for the surface plasmon; the degree of freedom can be further reduced by utilizing metallic nanostructures or nanoparticles for surface plasmon resonance. Reduction leads to different lightwave confinement capabilities, which can be utilized to construct plasmonic nanolaser cavities. However, most theoretical and experimental research efforts have focused on planar surface plasmon polariton (SPP) nanolasers. In this study, we combined nanometallic structures intersecting with ZnO nanowires and realized the first laser emission based on pseudowedge SPP waveguides. Relative to current plasmonic nanolasers, the pseudowedge plasmonic lasers reported in our study exhibit extremely small mode volumes, high group indices, high spontaneous emission factors, and high Purell factors beneficial for the strong interaction between light and matter. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compact plasmonic laser arrays can be constructed, which could benefit integrated plasmonic circuits.
High-Operation-Temperature Plasmonic Nanolasers on Single-Crystalline Aluminum
(2016-05)
Chou, Yu-Hsun
;
Wu, Yen-Mo
;
Hong, Kuo-Bin
;
Chou, Bo-Tsun
;
Shih, Jheng-Hong
The recent development of plasmonics has overcome the optical diffraction limit and fostered the development of several important components including nanolasers, low-operation-power modulators, and high-speed detectors. In particular, the advent of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) nanolasers has enabled the development of coherent emitters approaching the nanoscale. SPP nanolasers widely adopted metal insulator semiconductor structures because the presence of an insulator can prevent large metal loss. However, the insulator is not necessary if permittivity combination of laser structures is properly designed. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a SPP nanolaser with a ZnO nanowire on the as-grown single-crystalline aluminum. The average lasing threshold of this simple structure is 20 MW/cm(2), which is four-times lower than that of structures with additional insulator layers. Furthermore, single-mode laser operation can be sustained at temperatures up to 353 K. Our study represents a major step toward the practical realization of SPP nanolasers.
High-operation-temperature Aluminum-based SPP Nanolasers
(2016)
Chou, Yu-Hsun
;
Hong, Kuo-Bin
;
Chou, Bo-Tsun
;
Wu, Yen-Mo
;
Shih, Jheng-Hong
Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures has widely adopted in plasmonics lasers. However, we found that the insulator is not necessary if permittivity combination of laser structures is properly designed. Single-mode laser operation was demonstrate in devices without artificial insulator layers. Moreover, the operation temperature can achieve to 353 K.
Simultaneous Lasing of Exciton and Polariton in a ZnO Microcavity
(2016)
Yu-HsunChou
;
Lai, Ying-Yu
;
Lu, Tien-Chang
;
Shing-ChungWang
;
照明與能源光電研究所
We have performed the condition to simultaneously triggered exciton-related polariton lasing and P-line exciton lasing in a ZnO micorcavity and verified the characteristics of their lasing behaviors. In addition, the threshold energy, linewidth, phase diagram, and angular dispersion are verified and discussed.
Realization of UV Plasmonic Nanolasers With Extremely Small Mode Volume
(2015-11-01)
Chou, Bo-Tsun
;
Chou, Yu-Hsun
;
Chiang, Chih-Kai
;
Wu, Yen-Mo
;
Lin, Tzy-Rong
It is difficult to operate plasmonic nanolasers on silver films in the ultraviolet regime owing to the bending-back effect of surface plasmon dispersion. In this paper, we report on plasmonic lasers comprised of a ZnO nanowire lying on a single-crystalline silver film with a SiO2 spacer layer. The silver can strongly shrink the mode volume, thereby boosting the Purcell factor. Meanwhile, the SiO2 spacer thickness is optimized to adjust the surface plasmon dispersion curve so that the lasing wavelength can be located at a large dispersion region, thereby achieving a large group index of 55, an ultra-small effective mode volume of 3.5 x 10(-3)lambda(3), and low-threshold of 11 MW/cm(2).
Ultrastrong Mode Confinement in ZnO Surface Plasmon Nanolasers
(2015-04-01)
Chou, Yu-Hsun
;
Chou, Bo-Tsun
;
Chiang, Chih-Kai
;
Lai, Ying-Yu
;
Yang, Chun-Ting
Nano lasers with an ultracompact footprint can provide high-intensity coherent light, which can be potentially applied to high-capacity signal processing, biosensing, and subwavelength imaging. Among various nanolasers, those with cavities surrounded by metals have been shown to have superior light emission properties because of the surface plasmon effect that provides enhanced field confinement capability and enables exotic light matter interaction. In this study, we demonstrated a robust ultraviolet ZnO nanolaser that can operate at room temperature by using silver to dramatically shrink the mode volume. The nanolaser shows several distinct features including an extremely small mode volume, a large Purcell factor, and a slow group velocity, which ensures strong interaction with the exciton in the nanowire.

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