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Manipulating magnetoelectric energy landscape in multiferroics
(2020-06-05)
Huang, Yen-Lin
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Nikonov, Dmitri
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Addiego, Christopher
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Chopdekar, Rajesh, V
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Prasad, Bhagwati
Magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature in multiferroic materials, such as BiFeO3, is one of the leading candidates to develop low-power spintronics and emerging memory technologies. Although extensive research activity has been devoted recently to exploring the physical properties, especially focusing on ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism in chemically modified BiFeO3, a concrete understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling is yet to be fulfilled. We have discovered that La substitutions at the Bi-site lead to a progressive increase in the degeneracy of the potential energy landscape of the BiFeO3 system exemplified by a rotation of the polar axis away from the < 111 > (pc) towards the < 112 > (pc) discretion. This is accompanied by corresponding rotation of the antiferromagnetic axis as well, thus maintaining the right-handed vectorial relationship between ferroelectric polarization, antiferromagnetic vector and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vector. As a consequence, La-BiFeO3 films exhibit a magnetoelectric coupling that is distinctly different from the undoped BiFeO3 films. BiFeO3 has a wide application but the impact of rare-earth substitution for the evolution of the coupling mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors reveal the correlation between ferroelectricity, antiferromagnetism, a weak ferromagnetic moment, and their switching pathways in La-substituted BiFeO3.
Unexpected Giant Microwave Conductivity in a Nominally Silent BiFeO3 Domain Wall
(1970-01-01)
Huang, Yen-Lin
;
Zheng, Lu
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Chen, Peng
;
Cheng, Xiaoxing
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Hsu, Shang-Lin
Nanoelectronic devices based on ferroelectric domain walls (DWs), such as memories, transistors, and rectifiers, have been demonstrated in recent years. Practical high-speed electronics, on the other hand, usually demand operation frequencies in the gigahertz (GHz) regime, where the effect of dipolar oscillation is important. Herein, an unexpected giant GHz conductivity on the order of 10(3) S m(-1) is observed in certain BiFeO3 DWs, which is about 100 000 times greater than the carrier-induced direct current (dc) conductivity of the same walls. Surprisingly, the nominal configuration of the DWs precludes the alternating current (ac) conduction under an excitation electric field perpendicular to the surface. Theoretical analysis shows that the inclined DWs are stressed asymmetrically near the film surface, whereas the vertical walls in a control sample are not. The resultant imbalanced polarization profile can then couple to the out-of-plane microwave fields and induce power dissipation, which is confirmed by the phase-field modeling. Since the contributions from mobile-carrier conduction and bound-charge oscillation to the ac conductivity are equivalent in a microwave circuit, the research on local structural dynamics may open a new avenue to implement DW nano-devices for radio-frequency applications.
Interface dipole between two metallic oxides caused by localized oxygen vacancies
(2012-10-11)
Borisevich, Albina Y.
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Lupini, Andrew R.
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He, Jun
;
Eliseev, Eugene A.
;
Morozovska, Anna N.
Oxygen vacancies are increasingly recognized to play a role in phenomena observed at transition-metal oxide interfaces. Here, we report a study of SrRuO3 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 interfaces using a combination of quantitative aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and density functional calculations. Cation displacements are observed at the interface, indicative of a dipolelike electric field even though both materials are nominally metallic. The observed displacements are reproduced by theory if O vacancies are present in the near-interface La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers. The results suggest that atomic-scale structural mapping can serve as a quantitative indicator of the presence of O vacancies at interfaces.
Ultrathin limit and dead-layer effects in local polarization switching of BiFeO3
(2012-01-31)
Maksymovych, Peter
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Huijben, Mark
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Pan, Minghu
;
Jesse, Stephen
;
Balke, Nina
Using piezoresponse force microscopy in an ultrahigh vacuum, polarization switching has been detected and quantified in epitaxial BiFeO3 films from 200 to about 4 unit cells thick. Local remnant piezoresponse was utilized to probe both ferroelectric properties and effects of imperfect electrical contacts. It was found that the shape of electromechanical hysteresis loops is strongly influenced by an extrinsic dielectric gap, primarily through the suppressing effect of the depolarizing field on the spontaneous polarization in the ultrathin films. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the hysteresis loops has revealed lateral variation of the extrinsic dielectric gap with sub-10-nm resolution. Robust and reproducible ferroelectric properties of nanoscale BiFeO3 indicate its potential for nanoscale applications in information storage and spintronics.
Concurrent transition of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering near room temperature
(2011-11-01)
Ko, Kyung-Tae
;
Jung, Min Hwa
;
He, Qing
;
Lee, Jin Hong
;
Woo, Chang Su
Strong spin-lattice coupling in condensed matter gives rise to intriguing physical phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance and giant magnetoelectric effects. The phenomenological hallmark of such a strong spin-lattice coupling is the manifestation of a large anomaly in the crystal structure at the magnetic transition temperature. Here we report that the magnetic Neel temperature of the multiferroic compound BiFeO3 is suppressed to around room temperature by heteroepitaxial misfit strain. Remarkably, the ferroelectric state undergoes a first-order transition to another ferroelectric state simultaneously with the magnetic transition temperature. Our findings provide a unique example of a concurrent magnetic and ferroelectric transition at the same temperature among proper ferroelectrics, taking a step toward room temperature magnetoelectric applications.
Complex strain evolution of polar and magnetic order in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films
(2018-09-21)
Chen, Zuhuang
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Chen, Zhanghui
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Kuo, Chang-Yang
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Tang, Yunlong
;
Dedon, Liv R.
Electric-field control of magnetism requires deterministic control of the magnetic order and understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroics like BiFeO3 and EuTiO3. Despite this critical need, there are few studies on the strain evolution of magnetic order in BiFeO3 films. Here, in (110)-oriented BiFeO3 films, we reveal that while the polarization structure remains relatively unaffected, strain can continuously tune the orientation of the antiferromagnetic-spin axis across a wide angular space, resulting in an unexpected deviation of the classical perpendicular relationship between the antiferromagnetic axis and the polarization. Calculations suggest that this evolution arises from a competition between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and single-ion anisotropy wherein the former dominates at small strains and the two are comparable at large strains. Finally, strong coupling between the BiFeO3 and the ferromagnet Co0.9Fe0.1 exists such that the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnet can be effectively controlled by engineering the orientation of the antiferromagnetic-spin axis.
Switching kinetics in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films
(2010-04-15)
Pantel, Daniel
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Chu, Ying-Hao
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Martin, Lane W.
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Ramesh, Ramamoorthy
;
Hesse, Dietrich
The switching kinetics in epitaxial (001)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented BiFeO3 thin films were investigated as a function of applied field and time. It was found that the ferroelectric switching behavior obeys the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi theory only in the high field range. The detailed behavior depends on the film orientation. A comparison with standard systems, such as epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3 films, reveals some similarities as well as some differences. For instance, the presence of 109 degrees and 71 degrees ferroelastic domain walls might be ruled out as the source of the decrease in switched polarization at low applied fields, in contrast to what is the case for a/c domain walls in tetragonal Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3392884]
Tailoring Magnetoelectric Coupling in BiFeO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Heterostructure through the Interface Engineering
(2019-03-15)
Yi, Di
;
Yu, Pu
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Chen, Yi-Chun
;
Lee, Hsin-Hua
;
He, Qing
Electric field control of magnetism ultimately opens up the possibility of reducing energy consumption of memory and logic devices. Electric control of magnetization and exchange bias are demonstrated in all-oxide heterostructures of BiFeO3 (BFO) and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO). However, the role of the polar heterointerface on magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is not fully explored. Here, the ME coupling in BFO/LSMO heterostructures with two types of interfaces, achieved by exploiting the interface engineering at the atomic scale, is investigated. It is shown that both magnetization and exchange bias are reversibly controlled by switching the ferroelectric polarization of BFO. Intriguingly, distinctly different modulation behaviors that depend on the interfacial atomic sequence are observed. These results provide new insights into the underlying physics of ME coupling in the model system. This study highlights that designing interface at the atomic scale is of general importance for functional spintronic devices.
Dynamic Conductivity of Ferroelectric Domain Walls in BiFeO3
(2011-05-01)
Maksymovych, Peter
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Seidel, Jan
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Chu, Ying Hao
;
Wu, Pingping
;
Baddorf, Arthur P.
Topological walls separating domains of continuous polarization, magnetization, and strain in ferroic materials hold promise of novel electronic properties, that are intrinsically localized on the nanoscale and that can be patterned on demand without change of material volume or elemental composition. We have revealed that ferroelectric domain walls in multiferroic BiFeO3 are inherently dynamic electronic conductors, closely mimicking memristive behavior and contrary to the usual assumption of rigid conductivity. Applied electric field can cause a localized transition between insulating and conducting domain walls, tune domain wall conductance by over an order of magnitude, and create a quasicontinuous spectrum of metastable conductance states. Our measurements identified that subtle and microscopically reversible distortion of the polarization structure at the domain wall is at the origin of the dynamic conductivity. The latter is therefore likely to be a universal property of topological defects in ferroelectric semiconductors.
Enhanced electric conductivity at ferroelectric vortex cores in BiFeO3
(2012-01-01)
Balke, Nina
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Winchester, Benjamin
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Ren, Wei
;
Chu, Ying Hao
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Morozovska, Anna N.
Topological defects in ferroic materials are attracting much attention both as a playground of unique physical phenomena and for potential applications in reconfigurable electronic devices. Here, we explore electronic transport at artificially created ferroelectric vortices in BiFeO3 thin films. The creation of one-dimensional conductive channels activated at voltages as low as 1V is demonstrated. We study the electronic as well as the static and dynamic polarization structure of several topological defects using a combination of first-principles and phase-field modelling. The modelling predicts that the core structure can undergo a reversible transformation into a metastable twist structure, extending charged domain walls segments through the film thickness. The vortex core is therefore a dynamic conductor controlled by the coupled response of polarization and electron-mobile-vacancy subsystems with external bias. This controlled creation of conductive one-dimensional channels suggests a pathway for the design and implementation of integrated oxide electronic devices based on domain patterning.

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