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Item type:Item, Illumination Effect on Bipolar Switching Properties of Gd:SiO2 RRAM Devices Using Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrode(2016-04-27) ;Chen, Kai-Huang ;Chang, Kuan-Chang ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Tsai, Tsung-MingLiang, Shu-PingTo discuss the optoelectronic effect on resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices, the bipolar switching properties and electron-hole pair generation behavior in the transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode of Gd:SiO2 thin films under the ultraviolet (lambda = 400 nm) and red-light (lambda = 770 nm) illumination for high resistance state (HRS)/low resistance state (LRS) was observed and investigated. In dark environment, the Gd:SiO2 RRAM devices exhibited the ohmic conduction mechanism for LRS, exhibited the Schottky emission conduction and Poole-Frankel conduction mechanism for HRS. For light illumination effect, the operation current of the Gd:SiO2 RRAM devices for HRS/LRS was slightly increased. Finally, the electron-hole pair transport mechanism, switching conduction diagram, and energy band of the RRAM devices will be clearly demonstrated and explained.Item type:Item, Analyzing Electric Field Effect by Applying an Ultra-Short Time Pulse Condition in Hafnium Oxide-Based RRAM(2018-08-01) ;Wu, Cheng-Hsien ;Lin, Shih-Kai ;Pan, Chih-Hung ;Chen, Po-HsunLin, Wen-YanIn this letter, we determine the importance of the electrical field distribution and strength during the switching process by demonstrating different trends in the degree of reset and the reset pulse time. In general, a longer reset pulse time results in a higher reset energy; a higher reset energy leads to a higher degree of reset, which we obtainedby applying different width square waves. But quite notably, the opposite result was obtained using triangle waves, where a higher degree of reset occurred with a shorter rising time and lower reset energy. We believe that this is due to the electric field effect: if the voltage rises faster than the filament oxidation, the device can produce a larger effective electric field and a higher resistance in the reset process. To further investigate the mechanism, the procedure of the reset process was analyzed in detail, and COMSOL simulation is also carried out for confirmation.Item type:Item, Resistive Switching Mechanism of Oxygen-Rich Indium Tin Oxide Resistance Random Access Memory(2016-04) ;Tsai, Tsung-Ming ;Chang, Kuan-Chang ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Zhang, RuiWang, TongDThis letter investigates the double-ended resistive switching characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) resistance random access memory (RRAM). Resistive switching can be achieved around both the active TiN electrode and the inert Pt electrode. In addition, complementary resistance switching (CRS) characteristics can be observed without current compliance during dc voltage sweep operations. Electrical measurement data fitting results indicate that the oxygen-rich ITO near top and bottom electrodes works as a double-ended resistive switching layer. Based on the analysis of the current conduction mechanism, we propose a physical model to interpret the CRS behaviors in ITO RRAM devices.Item type:Item, Nitrogen Buffering Effect on Oxygen in Indium-Tin-Oxide-Capped Resistive Random Access Memory With NH3 Treatment(2015-11-01) ;Chen, Ji ;Chang, Kuan-Chang ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Tsai, Tsung-MingPan, Chih-HungIn this letter, we demonstrate the differing influences of a nitrogen buffering effect in both the switching layer and the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode layer of resistive random access memory (RRAM) which has undergone an NH3 treatment. The nitrogen buffering effect in the switching layer cannot counteract the electric field force, leading to similar I-V characteristics compared with the ITO/Hf:SiO2/TiN control structure RRAM. The nitrogen in the ITO electrode layer, however, works as an oxygen buffer and makes it easier for the redox reaction to occur, leading to improvements in performance, such as concentrated voltages and better endurance.Item type:Item, An Electronic Synapse Device Based on Solid Electrolyte Resistive Random Access Memory(2015-08-01) ;Zhang, Wei ;Hu, Ying ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Chang, Kuan-ChangTsai, Tsung-MingThe multilevel capability of solid electrolyte resistive random access memory (RRAM) with a Pt/GeSO/TiN structure was explored for potential use as a synapse device. By varying the cutoff voltage during the dc I-V cycles or the ac pulse programming voltage amplitudes, continuous multilevel conductance states were obtained. The reference Pt/GeO/TiN RRAM was fabricated to certify the multilevel capability and was due to the character of the GeS solid electrolyte. Finally, the property of gradual conductance states was exploited to demonstrate spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning, which suggests device\'s potential for use as an electronic synapse device for neuromorphic systems.Item type:Item, Improvement of Resistive Switching Characteristic in Silicon Oxide-Based RRAM Through Hydride-Oxidation on Indium Tin Oxide Electrode by Supercritical CO2 Fluid(2015-06-01) ;Chang, Kuan-Chang ;Tsai, Tsung-Ming ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Zhang, RuiChen, Kai-HuangSupercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) fluid technology was applied to indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode to improve the resistive switching characteristic of silicon oxide RRAM through hydride oxidation for the first time. We found device power consumption can be effectively reduced so that side effects can be also restricted under device operation. By applying SCCO2 fluid, more oxygen ions will be introduced into the ITO electrode and thus the participation of net oxygen ions in the RRAM redox reaction will increase. Fourier transform spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm hydride oxidation on ITO electrode. Combined with the current fitting results, we proposed a reaction model to explain the improvement of resistive switching in RRAM by SCCO2 fluids.Item type:Item, Mechanism of Triple Ions Effect in GeSO Resistance Random Access Memory(2015-06-01) ;Zhang, Wei ;Hu, Ying ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Tsai, Tsung-MingChang, Kuan-ChangIn this letter, a triple-ion redox reaction has been proposed and investigated in GeSO-based resistance random access memory. Continuous multiresistance states can be obtained by applying a series of increasing cutoff voltages in both set and reset processes. Using data retention tests, these multistates in the set and reset processes were confirmed to be stable. The conduction mechanism gradually changed during reset process from space charge limited current to Schottky emission. A triple-ion reaction model has been proposed to reveal the chemical reaction properties in the resistive switching process.Item type:Item, Effects of Varied Negative Stop Voltages on Current Self-Compliance in Indium Tin Oxide Resistance Random Access Memory(2015-06-01) ;Lin, Chih-Yang ;Chang, Kuan-Chang ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Tsai, Tsung-MingPan, Chih-HungWe have previously investigated the automatic current compliance property for indium tin oxide (ITO) resistance random access memory (RRAM). Traditionally, for the purpose of protecting RRAM, it is necessary to set equipment current compliance during the set and forming processes of RRAM devices. ITO RRAM devices, however, have an intrinsic capability to limit their current. This letter examines this ITO RRAM current compliance in depth by applying a varied stop-voltage measurement method, where different negative stop voltages were adopted to manipulate oxygen ions. Combined with material analysis and conduction current fitting, a model was established.Item type:Item, Characterization of Oxygen Accumulation in Indium-Tin-Oxide for Resistance Random Access Memory(2014-06-01) ;Zhang, Rui ;Chang, Kuan-Chang ;Chang, Ting-Chang ;Tsai, Tsung-MingHuang, Syuan-YongIn this letter, we report the oxygen accumulation effect and its influence on resistive switching for gadolinium-doped silicon dioxide (Gd:SiO2) resistance random access memory (RRAM). We find that oxygen absorbance by indium-tin-oxide electrode affects the conduction current mechanism, and remarkably modifies the device performance of RRAM devices. By current fitting, Schottky emission can be observed in both low and high resistance states, from which conduction model is proposed to clarify the oxygen accumulation phenomenon. Reliability tests, including endurance and high temperature retention are further carried out, evaluating the significance of oxygen accumulation effect in redox reaction for RRAM devices.Item type:Item, Improvement mechanism of resistance random access memory with supercritical CO2 fluid treatment(2014-01-01) ;Chang, Kuan-Chang ;Chen, Jung-Hui ;Tsai, Tsung-Ming ;Chang, Ting-ChangHuang, Syuan-YongWe demonstrated that the supercritical CO2 fluid treatment was a new concept to efficiently reduce the operation current of resistance random access memory. The dangling bonds of tin-doped silicon oxide (Sn:SiOx) thin film were passivated by the hydration-dehydration reaction through supercritical CO2 fluid treatment, which was verified by the XPS and FTIR analyses. The current conduction mechanism of low resistance state in post-treated Sn:SiOx thin film was transferred to hopping conduction from Ohmic conduction. Furthermore, the current conduction mechanism of high resistance state in the memory device was transferred to Schottky emission from Frenkel-Poole conduction. The phenomena were attributed to the discontinuous metal filament formed by hydration-dehydration reaction in Sn:SiOx thin film through supercritical fluid treatment. Finally, a reaction model was proposed to explain the mechanism of current reduction in Sn:SiOx thin film with supercritical CO2 fluid treatment. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.