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Synthesis and Characterization of Donor-Acceptor Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Copolymers Presenting 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Units and Their Application to Photovoltaic Cells
(2010-08-01)
Wang, Hsu-Shen
;
Su, Ming-Shin
;
Wei, Kung-Hwa
;
材料科學與工程學系
;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
We have used Grignard metathesis polymerization to prepare poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based copolymers containing electron-withdrawing 4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-Phenyl moieties as side chains. We characterized these copolymers using (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The band gap energy of copolymer was determined from the onset of the optical absorption. The quenching effects were observed in the photoluminescence spectra of the copolymers incorporating pendant electron-deficient 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties on the side chains. The photocurrents of devices were enhanced in the presence of an optimal amount of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties, thereby leading to improved power conversion efficiencies. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3331-3339, 2010
Synthesis and Applications of Cyano-Vinylene-Based Polymers Containing Cyclopentadithiophene and Dithienosilole Units for Photovoltaic Cells
(2011-08-01)
Padhy, Harihara
;
Sahu, Duryodhan
;
Patra, Dhananjaya
;
Pola, Murali Krishna
;
Huang, Jen-Hsien
Two beta-cyano-thiophenevinylene-based polymers containing cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT-CN) and dithienosilole (DTS-CN) units were synthesized via Stille coupling reaction with Pd(PPh(3))(4) as a catalyst. The effects of the bridged atoms (C and Si) and cyano-vinylene groups on their thermal, optical, electrochemical, charge transporting, and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Both polymers possessed the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of about -5.30 eV and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of about -3.60 eV, and covered broad absorption ranges with narrow optical band gaps (ca. 1.6 eV). The bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell (PSC) devices containing an active layer of electron-donor polymers (CPDT-CN and DTS-CN) blended with an electron-acceptor, that is, [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PC(61)BM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C(71)-butyric acid methyl ester (PC(71)BM), in different weight ratios were explored under 100 mW/cm(2) of AM 1.5 white-light illumination. The PSC device based on DTS-CN:PC(71)BM (1:2 w/w) exhibited a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 2.25% with V(oc) = 0.74 V, J(sc) = 8.39 mA/cm(2), and FF = 0.36. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 3417-3425, 2011
Novel narrow-band-gap conjugated copolymers containing phenothiazine-arylcyanovinyl units for organic photovoltaic cell applications
(2008-07-01)
Li, Kuang-Chieh
;
Hsu, Ying-Chan
;
Lin, Jiann-T'Suen
;
Yang, Chang-Chung
;
Wei, Kung-Hwa
A series of novel narrow-band-gap copolymers (P1-P12) composed of alkyl-substituted fluorene (FO) units and six analogous mono- and bis(2-aryl-2-cyano-vinyl)- 10-hexylphenothiazine monomers (M1-M6) were synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with two different feed in ratios of FO to M1-M6 (molar ratio = 3:1 and 1:1). The absorption spectra of polymers P1-P12 exhibited broad peaks located in the UV and visible regions from 400 to 800 nm with optical band gaps at 1.55-2.10 eV, which fit near the wavelength of the maximum solar photon reflux. Electrochemical experiments displayed that the reversible p- and n-doping processes of copolymers were partially reversible, and the proper HOMO/LUMO levels enabled a high photovoltaic open-circuit voltage. As blended with [6,6]-phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an electron acceptor in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices, narrow-band-gap polymers P1-P12 as electron donors showed significant photovoltaic performance which varied with the intramolecular donor-acceptor interaction and their mixing ratios to PCBM. Under 100 mW/cm(2) of AM 1.5 white-light illumination, the device of copolymer P12 produced the highest preliminary result having an open-circuit voltage of 0.64 V, a short-circuit current of 2.70 mA/cm(2), a fill factor of 0.29, and an energy conversion efficiency of 0.51%. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soluble Narrow-Band-Gap Copolymers Containing Novel Cyclopentadithiophene Units for Organic Photovoltaic Cell Applications
(2009-04-15)
Li, Kuang-Chieh
;
Hsu, Ying-Chan
;
Lin, Jiann-T'suen
;
Yang, Chang-Chung
;
Wei, Kung-Hwa
Five novel conjugated copolymers (P1-P5) containing coplanar cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) units (incorporated with arylcyanovinyl and keto groups in different molar ratios) were synthesized and developed for the applications of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Polymers P1-P5 covered broad absorption ranges from U-V to near infrared (400-900 nm) with narrow optical band gaps of 1.38-1.70 eV, which are compatible with the maximum solar photon reflux. Partially reversible p- and n-doping processes of P1-P5 in electrochemical experiments were observed, and the proper molecular design for highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of P1-P5 induced the highest photovoltaic open-circuit voltage in the PSC devices, compared with those previously reported CPDT-based narrow-band-gap polymers. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses suggested that these copolymers formed self-assembled pi-pi stacking and pseudobilayered structures. Under 100 mW/cm(2) of AM 1.5 white-light illumination, bulk hetero-junction PSC devices containing an active layer of electron donor polymers P1-P5 mixed with electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl C(61) butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in the weight ratio of 1:4 were investigated. The PSC device containing P1 gave the best preliminary result with an open-circuit voltage of 0.84 V, a short-circuit current of 2.36 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor of 0.38, offering an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.77% as well as a maximal quantum efficiency of 23% from the external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2073-2092, 2009
Synthesis and Characterization of Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Alternating Copolymers Containing Perylene Diimide Units and Their Application to Photovoltaic Cells
(2010-03-15)
Yuan, Mao-Chuan
;
Su, Ming-Hsin
;
Chiu, Mao-Yuan
;
Wei, Kung-Hwa
;
材料科學與工程學系
We have used Suzuki coupling to prepare a series of alternating copolymers featuring coplanar cyclopentadithiophene and hole-transporting carbazole units. We observed quenching in the photoluminescence spectra of our polymers after incorporating pendent electron-deficient perylene diimide (PDI) moieties on the side chains, indicating more efficient photoinduced electron transfer. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the PDI-containing copolymers displayed reasonable and sufficient offsets of the energy levels of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals for efficient charge dissociation. The performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells incorporating the copolymer/[6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester blends (1:4, w/w) was optimized when the active layer had a thickness of 70 nm. The photocurrents of the devices were enhanced as a result of the presence of the PDI moieties, thereby leading to improved power conversion efficiencies. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1298-1309, 2010
Synthesis and Characterization of a Narrow-Bandgap Polymer Containing Alternating Cyclopentadithiophene and Diketo-Pyrrolo-Pyrrole Units for Solar Cell Applications
(2010-04-01)
Chen, Guan-Yu
;
Chiang, Chien-Ming
;
Kekuda, Dhananjay
;
Lan, Shang-Che
;
Chu, Chih-Wei
We have synthesized a narrow-bandgap conjugated polymer (PCTDPP) containing alternating cyclopentadithiophene (CT) and diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) units by Suzuki coupling. This PCTDPP exhibits a low band gap of 1.31 eV and a broad absorption band from 350 to 1000 nm, which allows it to absorb more available photons from sunlight. A bulk hetero-junction polymer solar cell incorporating PCTDPP and C(70) at a blend ratio of 1:3 exhibited a high short-circuit current of 10.87 mA/cm(2) and a power conversion efficiency of 2.27%. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1669-1675,2010

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