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The Dust-to-Gas Ratio, Size Distribution, and Dust Fall-Back Fraction of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Inferences From Linking the Optical and Dynamical Properties of the Inner Comae
(2020-06-24)
Marschall, Raphael
;
Markkanen, Johannes
;
Gerig, Selina-Barbara
;
Pinzon-Rodriguez, Olga
;
Thomas, Nicolas
In this work, we present results that simultaneously constrain the dust size distribution, dust-to-gas ratio, fraction of dust re-deposition, and total mass production rates for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. We use a 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) gas dynamics code to simulate the inner gas coma of the comet for the duration of the Rosetta mission. The gas model is constrained by ROSINA/COPS data. Further, we simulate for different epochs the inner dust coma using a 3D dust dynamics code including gas drag and the nucleus' gravity. Using advanced dust scattering properties these results are used to produce synthetic images that can be compared to the OSIRIS data set. These simulations allow us to constrain the properties of the dust coma and the total gas and dust production rates. We determined a total volatile mass loss of (6.1 +/- 1.5) center dot 10(9)kg during the 2015 apparition. Further, we found that power-laws withq=3.7-0.078+0.57are consistent with the data. This results in a total of5.1-4.9+6.0 center dot 109kg of dust being ejected from the nucleus surface, of which4.4-4.2+4.9 center dot 109kg escape to space and6.8-6.8+11 center dot 108kg (or an equivalent of14-14+22cm over the smooth regions) is re-deposited on the surface. This leads to a dust-to-gas ratio of0.73-0.70+1.3for the escaping material and0.84-0.81+1.6for the ejected material. We have further found that the smallest dust size must be strictly smaller than similar to 30 mu m and nominally even smaller than similar to 12 mu m.
Improving the Accuracy of the Leakage Power Estimation of Embedded CPUs
(2017-01-01)
Chin, Ting-Wu
;
Tsao, Shiao-Li
;
Hung, Kuo-Wei
;
Huang, Pei-Shu
;
資訊工程學系
Previous studies have used on-chip thermal sensors (diodes) to estimate the leakage power of a CPU. However, an embedded CPU equips only a few thermal sensors and may suffer from considerable spatial temperature variances across the CPU core, and leakage power estimation based on insufficient temperature information introduces errors. According to our experiments, the conventional leakage power models may have up to 22.9% estimation error for a 70-nm embedded CPU. In this study, we first evaluated the accuracy of leakage power estimates based on thermal sensors on different locations of a CPU and suggested locations that can reduce the error to 0.9%. Then, we proposed temperature-referred and counter-tracked estimation (TRACE) that relies on temperature sensors and hardware activity counters to estimate leakage power. The simulation results demonstrated that employing TRACE could reduce the error to 3.4%. Experiments were also conducted on a real platform to verify our findings.
Geometric and Textural Blending for 3D Model Stylization
(2018-02-01)
Huang, Yi-Jheng
;
Lin, Wen-Chieh
;
Yeh, I-Cheng
;
Lee, Tong-Yee
;
資訊工程學系
Stylizing a 3D model with characteristic shapes or appearances is common in product design, particularly in the design of 3D model merchandise, such as souvenirs, toys, furniture, and stylized items. A model stylization approach is proposed in this study. The approach combines base and style models while preserving user-specified shape features of the base model and the attractive features of the style model with limited assistance from a user. The two models are first combined at the topological level. A tree-growing technique is utilized to search for all possible combinations of the two models. Second, the models are combined at textural and geometric levels by employing a morphing technique. Results show that the proposed approach generates various appealing models and allows users to control the diversity of the output models and adjust the blending degree between the base and style models. The results of this work are also experimentally compared with those of a recent work through a user study. The comparison indicates that our results are more appealing, feature-preserving, and reasonable than those of the compared previous study. The proposed system allows product designers to easily explore design possibilities and assists novice users in creating their own stylized models.
Modeling and Characterization of TSV Capacitor and Stable Low-Capacitance Implementation for Wide-I/O Application
(2015-06-01)
Chang, Yao-Yen
;
Ko, Cheng-Ta
;
Yu, Tsung-Han
;
Hsieh, Yu-Sheng
;
Chen, Kuan-Neng
Equations of the electric field, surface charge, and silicon capacitance with respect to the surface potential of single through-silicon via (TSV) are derived by Poisson\'s equation. Four kinds of charges such as the electrons, holes, and ionized donor/acceptor charges in the p-type silicon substrate are brought into the equations. The numerical results of the surface charge show identical plots to planar MOS capacitor when the TSV radius is larger than 1 mu m. After presenting the fundamental C-V characteristics of one TSV capacitor, a simple design for gaining a stable low TSV capacitance value within a wide operating window (vertical bar V-ow vertical bar = 20 V) is proposed. Cu TSVs in this design are then demonstrated in the scheme of the wafer-level Cu/Sn to BCB hybrid bonding. The design gives the rational power consumption and delay, and the guideline for physical IC design is described in this paper. Without the oxide-trapped charge Q(ot) engineering in TSV oxide liner, neither considerations of the V-FB shifts nor the doping-type selection in silicon substrate, the design facilitates IC engineers to plan the high-speed TSVs at a specific location and to save the cost from TSV engineering simultaneously.
後設認知策略融入建模探究教學對學生科學學習影響之研究
(2009)
王嘉瑜
;
Wang Chia-Yu
;
國立交通大學教育研究所
本計畫將利用Windschitl, Thompson, 和Braaten (2008)等人所提出的建模探究教學模式以及Kramarski (2004)的後設認知教學策略(IMPROVE method)，針對國中一年級自然與生活科技課程的5 個實驗單元設計「建模探究 (MBI)」以及「融入後設認知策略的建模探究 (MBI+META)」教學模式。藉由比較不同教學模式(MBI+META、MBI)對國中一年級學生在：(1)生物概念學習成效、(2)建模能力學習成效、以及(3)對於模型的本質與功能和模型於科學探究中的角色之認識的結果，本研究將探討融入後設認知策略對國中一年級學生建模探究學習成效的影響。使用之研究工具包括：(1)生物概念成就測驗、(2) 建模探究挑戰評量、(3)Inventory of Metacognitive Self-Regulation (IMSR)問卷以及(4) Students’ Understanding of Models in Science (SUMS) 問卷。除此四項研究工具外，輔助資料的收集亦包含建模教學課程中學生所完成之學習單。本研究亦將利用Inventory of Metacognitive Self-Regulation (IMSR) 問卷診斷國一學生的後設認知能力表現，分析後設認知能力高/低的學習者在接受不同教學模式(MBI+META、MBI)後的生物概念學習成效，作為探討後設認知策略對於概念學習成效影響的另一個佐證。研究過程中所發展的兩套課程與評量問題設計均可供進行相關課程教學的現場教師所用，研究結果亦能提供教師以及課程發展者在設計建模教學課程時，將後設認知能力納入課程設計的考量。
研發適用於公司營收預測系統的智慧型數學建模方法
(2010)
何信瑩
;
Ho Shinn-Ying
;
國立交通大學生物科技學系（所）
本產學合作研發計畫，由交通大學智慧型計算實驗室與嘉實資訊股份有限公司合作，以嘉實資訊擁有巨量的商業資訊源和主持人擁有的自動化特徵選取與建模技術，設計研發適用於公司營收預測系統的智慧型數學建模方法，期能解決應用機器學習方法於預測營收時面臨的雙目標組合最佳化問題，即使用最少量的穩定重要特徵即獲得最小的預測誤差。準確預測公司營收能進一步發展預測每股盈餘或股價等資訊，更有效反應股價的變化。本計畫擬設計同時進行特徵選取與建模的自動化方法，以主持人研發之最佳化核心技術：1)直交實驗設計與因子分析以及2)繼承式雙目標基因演算法為基礎，來評估模糊系統、類神經網路與適應性網路架構的模糊推論系統、支援向量回歸模型等方法設計能同時兼顧預測正確性與自動特徵選取的最佳化高效能建模方法。本研究主題理論與實務並重，預計先以統一超商與全家超商為公司範例，主要的研究目標簡述如下： 1. 研發適用於公司營收預測系統的智慧型數學建模方法。 2. 應用此方法於建置統一超商與全家超商之營收預測系統之核心元件。 3. 為此方法的核心元件建立與嘉實資訊之資訊服務系統互動之介面。 4. 提供介面使嘉實資訊之資訊服務系統能提供核心元件輸出的營收預測與其所選取之重要財經特徵的相關資訊。
科學建模之數位學習---探討解釋導向的學習鷹架設計對建模推理歷程與學習成效之影響
(2010)
王嘉瑜
;
Wang Chia-Yu
;
國立交通大學教育研究所
本計畫利用Blumschein (2008)所提出的 model-centered instructional design (MCI design) 來發展適合國中階段學習者的數位建模課程。本研究欲延續前一年開發之生物建模課程 (face-to-face 課程)，融入數位學習環境與學習鷹架設計，探討數位建模課程對國中生於生物概念、科學推理、模型知識以及建模能力學習成效之影響。本計畫為兩年期之研究。除發展數位建模平台並進行相關系統測試以及使用者測試之外，第一年之研究內容主要為設計引導問題提示工具作為學習鷹架，以兩個國一生物班級實施數位建模課程，探討引導問題提示工具的設計對學習者在形成模型、利用模型進行預測以及利用實驗證據來評估模型和提出解釋之能力有何影響? 並利用分析結果作為數位建模平台的形成性評量，以調整或修改學習鷹架之設計。第二年則進行總結性評量，比較數位建模課程以及傳統實驗課程對國中生在提升生物概念、科學推理能力以及有關模型知識的學習上是否有所不同? 本研究亦將於建模課程結束後，針對實施數位建模課程班級進行建模挑戰單元，探討學習者於學習鷹架逐漸撤離的情形下將其所學的建模能力應用至新的學習情境之情形。本研究所發展的數位建模課程可供進行相關課程教學的現場教師所用，研究結果亦能提供教師以及課程發展者在設計建模教學課程和學習鷹架時參考。
奈米CMOS模型研發以探討應力工程與佈局效應對於高頻特性與寬頻雜訊之影響(I)
(2012)
郭治群
;
Guo Jyh-Chyurn
;
國立交通大學電子工程學系及電子研究所
隨著 CMOS 技術之神速發展進入奈米領域，其中由材料與製程產生的應力，無論是天然內在的或者應力工程產生的，均與元件平面佈局和立體結構有密切關聯。STI 製程產生之應力乃是內在的。至於應力工程則包括壓縮型之e-SiGe 加諸於pMOS、伸張型之CESL 加於nMOS、或者壓縮/伸張型之應力內襯膜分別應用於nMOS/pMOS，其目的乃是提升mobility。上述各種應力雖來源不同，但是對於佈局之敏感性乃是共通的。並且所有應力均會對奈米元件之特性產生顯著影響，不限於mobility、電流、gate 速度，乃擴及高頻特性與寬頻雜訊。然而針對此議題，無論是實驗數據或者機制理論皆呈現諸多衝突與矛盾。根據審慎評估，其中不一致性可能大多來自量測方法潛在之問題與先天之限制，此問題對於奈米元件更加嚴重。現有大家熟知常用之電性量測方法均存在諸多缺陷與限制，例如探針、連線與矽基板等之寄生效應而產生之損耗，包括低頻時之電阻式損耗與高頻操作時之電容電感耦合效應等。此外，超薄之閘極介電層因量子穿隧效應產生之漏電流導致傳統之C-V 與CP 量測方法出現重大問題。總合上述各類問題與缺陷，如何精確地萃取奈米元件之本質參數，如Lg、Leff、Weff、Tox(inv)、 Cox(inv) 與 Qinv，乃成為一極具挑戰性之研究課題。更重要的是，這些元件本質參數乃直接決定了關鍵性功能參數，如μeff、gm、fT、fmax 以及雜訊如NFmin 與Sid。前述之困難乃增加了奈米元件模型建立與模擬方面之挑戰，尤其是高頻與低雜訊之設計面臨之難題。本三年期計畫之第一期乃針對此課題，將建立一創新之奈米元件量測分析方法，其中包含新的測試結構、高頻S-參數量測與改進之去寄生效應方法，以及三維連線模擬等等。｢動態基極偏壓｣方法已被證實可有效達到低電壓與低功耗。本計畫擬應用此方法以達到低電壓並提升mobility 與電流之目的。前述之應力工程與此｢動態基極偏壓｣法均可提升mobility，但是對於雜訊之影響可能大異其趣。其主要差異源自改變mobility 之物理機制不同。應力工程對mobility 之調變是藉著晶格不匹配產生之扭曲與能帶結構改變，然而｢動態基極偏壓｣乃是受益於較低之等效電場而減少載子表面碰撞以提升其mobility。因此本計畫擬致力於探討此兩種方法對於mobility、高頻特性與低頻雜訊之影響，包括flicker noise 與random telegraph noise (RTN)。其中包含四埠測試結構設計、元件量測分析與參數萃取等等。本計畫之第二期有三個重點主題 (1) 低頻雜訊模型之改進，加入元件佈局效應(2) BSIM-4 模型之改進，加入佈局效應相關之雜訊模型以及｢動態基極偏壓｣效應，以期適用於四埠元件模擬(3) 四埠元件之小訊號等效電路模型建立以應用於使用｢動態基極偏壓｣之高頻電路模擬。雙閘極 MOSFET 乃是一新式的cascode 結構，實際為單一元件佈局而具有二個獨立的閘極以提供個別之電壓，其中雙閘極分別控制之二個電晶體乃共有源極與汲極以減少面積。此結構中之共有源/汲極區域稱為inter-stage 乃處於懸浮態無任何接觸窗與連線，因此呈現有趣的佈局效應，對於I-V、C-V 與高頻特性均有極大影響，因此列為本計畫之第三期研究主題。其中主要挑戰包括如何決定源自inter-stage 的閘極電容、接面電容與串聯電阻，因其乃處於懸浮態而無法直接量測。此雙閘極MOSFET 實際結構上為5 端元件，因此四埠測試是必要的，但是不足以得到所有的元件參數，預期必需加入另一四埠測試結構稱為common-gate MOSFET，以期解決此難題。本計畫之第三期研究擬完成之工作為(1) 雙閘極MOSFET 之小訊號等效電路模型建立以應用於使用此新式cascode 之高頻電路模擬 (2) BSIM-4 模型之改進，加入雙閘極MOSFET 元件模型參數，以期適用於新式cascode 模擬(3) 射頻電路設計包括LNA 與 mixer，以比較新式cascode 與傳統cascode 之差異與優缺點。總之，本三年期計畫涵蓋之研究主題深具挑戰性，並且兼具學術研究與實用價值。本計畫擬達成之目標與成果，有助於提升奈米CMOS 射頻與類比電路設計之效能。
Effects of seasonal variation in precipitation on estimation of non-point source pollution
(2003)
Lin, YC
;
Kao, JJ
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
The extent of nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) generated from upstream catchment areas of a reservoir is normally estimated based on a design rainfall. However, rainfall generally varies in different seasons. This seasonal change may significantly influence the estimation of runoff volume and associated NPSP arising within a reservoir watershed. The NPSP management, reservoir operation, and water treatment operation strategies developed based on the estimation will also be altered. This study analyzes the effects of monthly and seasonal variation in precipitation on the estimation of pollution levels from nonpoint sources in a reservoir watershed. The area studied is the Derchi reservoir watershed located in central Taiwan. This watershed is subdivided into twenty-six sub-watersheds, and the Thiessen method is used. to determine the rainfall intensity in each sub-watershed. Runoff pattern and NPSP contributions for each sub-watershed are estimated using the AGNPS model. Results show significant seasonal variation in precipitation; estimated NPSP loads likewise vary significantly over time. Seven- to one hundred-fold differences among monthly and seasonal estimations of phosphorus and sediment loads are observed.
Managing environmental safety of liquid radwaste disposal with modeling and monitoring techniques
(1994)
Liu, SJ
;
Liu, TDS
;
科技管理研究所
;
Institute of Management of Technology

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