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Subject: search.filters.subject.2-chlorophenol

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    The influence of metal ions on the photocatalytic oxidation of 2-chlorophenol in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions
    (1999)
    Lu, MC
    ;
    Chen, JN
    ;
    Lin, HD
    ;
    環境工程研究所
    ;
    Institute of Environmental Engineering
    This study investigated the effect of metal ions,such as Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr3+ and Zn2+, on the photocatalytic oxidation of 2-chlorophenol with illumination of 254 nm and 365 nm UV lights. Different metal ions have individual reduction potentials, and hence, their abilities to capture electrons also differ; the rates of 2-chlorophenol decomposition vary as well. This study was made to explore the relationships between the reduction potentials of different metal ions and their photocatalytic rates of 2-chlorophenol. Results show that when the reduction potential is greater than zero, regardless of illumination wavelength, the reaction rate increases with increasing reduction potentials of the metal ions. When the reduction potential is less than zero, the reaction rates are about the same for illumination of 365 nm or 254 nm UV lights.
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    Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of 2-chlorophenol aqueous solution with alumina as a catalyst
    (2001)
    Ni, CH
    ;
    Chen, JN
    ;
    環境工程研究所
    ;
    Institute of Environmental Engineering
    Heterogenous catalytic ozonation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the presence of gamma -alumina as a solid catalyst has been investigated in this research. It showed that the rate for degradation of TOC could increase from 21% to 43%. The pseudo-first reaction constants of 2-CP could increase from 0.8688 min(-1) to 0.1270, increasing by approximately 40%. At the same time, the consumption of ozone was only half that of ozone alone. This research also explored the effects of the catalyst dosage, pH values and removal kinetics of 2-CP. In addition, three consecutive running with the same catalyst revealed insignificant reduction of the activity. Furthermore, the elimination of toxicity was evaluated by Microtox(R) analysis. The detoxification was more stable and with good results.
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    Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 2-chlorophenol with iron oxides
    (2001-06-01)
    Huang, HH
    ;
    Lu, MC
    ;
    Chen, JN
    ;
    環境工程研究所
    ;
    Institute of Environmental Engineering
    The aim of this study was to examine the catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the presence of iron oxides. C;ranular ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite were selected as catalysts in this study. 2-CP was used as the model compound because it is a typical toxic compound and has not been investigated in the catalytic decomposition by iron oxides. The catalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide decomposition followed the sequence: granular ferrihydrite > goethite > hematite. However, hematite exhibited the highest activity in catalyzing 2-CP oxidation. The oxidation efficiency of 2-CP corresponded with the inverse sequence of specific area and pH,,, of the iron oxides. The catalytic activity of granular ferrihydrite was affected significantly by the mixing speed and particle size for its large value of Thiele modulus (phi) and Damkohler number (Da). The strong diffusion resistance for granular ferrihydrite was attributed either to its microporous structure or to the formation of oxygen in the pores of the iron oxide leading to the unexpected catalytic activity of granular ferrihydrite to hydrogen peroxide and 2-CP. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Intermediate inhibition in the heterogeneous UV-catalysis using a TiO2 suspension system
    (2001-10-01)
    Chan, YC
    ;
    Chen, JN
    ;
    Lu, MC
    ;
    環境工程研究所
    ;
    Institute of Environmental Engineering
    Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic expression was used to develop a basic mathematical model, which could describe the inhibition of intermediates in the photocatalysis of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in a suspended TiO2 system. Results showed that the photocatalytic oxidation of 2-chlorophenol followed the L-H type behavior and the reaction by-products displayed an inhibiting effect on the degradation rate. The inhibition was estimated by comparing to observed and estimated half-lives. The higher the initial concentration of 2-chlorophenol, the higher the inhibition of photocatalytic reaction. The L-H kinetic has been modified slightly in this study to rationalize the contrast of inhibited behavior and to improve in favor of a surface reaction. The concentrations of 2-chlorophenol were investigated ranging from 7.78 x 10(-5) to 7.78 x 10(-4) mol l(-1). The degradation of 2-chlorophenol in this reaction condition approximates a first-order kinetics to near-complete degradation. Calculated kinetic profiles are in an excellent agreement with the experimental observation. The results of the theoretical analysis can be used to estimate reaction rates in different initial concentrations of target compound. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Influence of surface modification on catalytic activity of activated carbon toward decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 2-chlorophenol
    (2003)
    Huang, HH
    ;
    Lu, MC
    ;
    Chen, JN
    ;
    Lee, CT
    ;
    環境工程研究所
    The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of the activated carbons modified by chemical treatment on the surface catalyzed loss of H2O2 and 2-CP. The characteristics of the modified activated carbons were examined by several techniques including nitrogen adsorption, SEM, and EDS. The H2O2 decomposition rate would be suppressed significantly either by the change of surface properties modified with chemical treatment or the reduction of active sites occupied with the adsorption of 2-CP. In addition, the H2O2 decomposition rate with activated carbons within a specific time can be described by a second-order kinetic expression with respect to the concentration of GAC and H2O2 in the absence or presence of 2-CP. The catalytic activities of the three activated carbons toward 2-CP reduction followed the inverse sequence of those toward H-2-O-2 loss, implying that acidic surface functional group could retard the H2O2 loss and reduce the effect of surface scavenging resulting in increasing the reduction efficiency of 2-CP. By the detection of chloride ions in reaction mixture, it can be demonstrated that the reduction of 2-CP was not only attributed to the advanced adsorption but also the oxidation of the 2-CP with effective radicals. The real oxidation efficiency of 2-CP for the activated carbon modified with hot nitric acid was observed between 0.04 and 0.01 (mol/mol), offering a comparable efficiency to that of the other oxidation system using metal oxide as catalyst.
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    Decomposition of 2-chlorophenol in aqueous solution by ultrasound/H2O2 process
    (1996)
    Lin, JG
    ;
    Chang, CN
    ;
    Wu, JR
    ;
    環境工程研究所
    ;
    Institute of Environmental Engineering
    Several authors have indicated that ultrasound is effective in oxidizing organic contaminants in water and in wastewater either as the sole means of treatment or in combination with ozonation and UV irradiation. In this work we decomposed 2-chlorophenol (2-cp) in aqueous solution with ultrasound and H2O2. The experiment was conducted with a sonicator (Microson XL-2020) operated at 20 kHz. The double amplitude at the tip of the standard horn (12.7 mm) was adjusted to 0, 72 and 120 mu m, corresponding to power input 0, 125 and 160 W. The initial concentration of aqueous 2-cp solution was 100 mg/l, treated in the system with 0, 100, 200 and 500 mg/l H2O2 individually. The volume of solution was 11 in a mixing flask, and was circulated to the sonication cell at the rate 500 mL/min. Oxygen was continuously purged into the flask. The temperature of solution was kept constant at 25 degrees C and pH was controlled at 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. The results showed the decomposition of 2-cp was effective at increased amplitude of ultrasound and concentration of H2O2, and smaller pH. At reaction duration 360 min, 2-cp decomposition with 500 mg/l H2O2 was found with 57% improvement over the control, i.e. without H2O2 addition. The pH, controlled below the pKa of 2-cp (8.49 at 25 degrees C), had significantly better decomposition of 2-cp than at greater values. The decomposition rate of 100 mg/l 2-cp was 99% at 120 mu m double amplitude with H2O2 (200 mg/L) and pH 3, after 360 min of reaction. The removal of total organic carbon was found to be only 63%. From analysis of the experimental results, the data on 2-cp decomposition appeared to follow pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The squared correlation coefficient, R2, of the model was greater than 0.9 for various pH values. Copyright (C) 1996 IAWQ.
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    Enhancement of decomposition of 2-chlorophenol with ultrasound/H2O2 process
    (1996)
    Lin, JG
    ;
    Chang, CN
    ;
    Wu, JR
    ;
    Ma, YS
    ;
    環境工程研究所
    We investigated the effects of pH, ionic strength, catalyst, and initial concentration on both decomposition of 2-chlorophenol (2-cp) and removal of total organic carbon (TOC) in aqueous solution with ultrasonic amplitude 120 mu m and H2O2 (200 mg/l). When the initial concentrations of 2-cp was 100 mg/l and the pH was controlled at 3, the rate of 2-cp decomposition was enhanced up to 6.6-fold and TOC removal up td 9.8-fold over pH controlled at 11. At pH 3, the efficiency of decomposition of 2-cp was 99% but the removal of TOC was only 63%; a similar situation applied at pH 7 and 11. Hence intermediate compounds were produced and 2-cp was not completely mineralized. When the concentration of ionic strength was increased from 0.001 to 0.1 M, the rate of 2-cp decomposition was enhanced only 0.3-fold, whereas the TOC removal was not enhanced. In comparison of the effects of pH and ionic strength, pH had greater influence on both 2-cp decomposition and TOC removal than ionic strength. The effect of a catalyst (FeSO4) on decomposition of 2-cp was insignificant comparing with direct addition of H2O2 The reaction rate at a smaller initial concentration of 2-cp (10 mg/l) was more rapid than at a greater one (100 mg/l). The rate of 2-cp decomposition and TOC removal appeared to follow pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Copyright (C) 1996 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.