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收集所有交通大學研究人員與學生個人或團體所發表之各項學術著作，涵蓋期刊論文、教師專書、學位論文等項。;;Collections of Publications of NCTU Researchers and Students Like Journal Papers and Thesis.

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Subject: search.filters.subject.morphology

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 29
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    Transparent Hole-Transporting Frameworks: A Unique Strategy to Design High-Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics
    (1970-01-01)
    Cheng, Pei
    ;
    Wang, Hao-Cheng
    ;
    Zhu, Yuan
    ;
    Zheng, Ran
    ;
    Li, Tengfei
    Thanks to the nature of molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra of organic semiconductors are not continuous like those in traditional inorganic semiconductors, which offers a unique application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs): semitransparent OPVs. Recently, the exciting progress of materials design has promoted the development of semitransparent OPVs. However, in the perspective of device engineering, almost all reported works reduce the thickness of back/reflected electrode to obtain high average visible transmittance (AVT), which is a trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the transmittance of the whole solar spectrum (visible and infrared), and therefore limit the further development. Herein, a unique strategy of "transparent hole-transporting frameworks" is proposed. A hole-transporting large-bandgap polymer (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA)) is employed to partially replace polymer donors in the active layer of PBDB-T/Y1. PTAA is a p-type polymer with a large bandgap of 2.9 eV; the partial substitution of PBDB-T by PTAA reduces the absorption of the active layer only in the visible region, keeping the hole-transporting pathways as well as the optimized film morphology. As a result, semitransparent OPVs with PCEs of 12% and AVTs of 20% are achieved, both on rigid and flexible substrates. To demonstrate the generality, this strategy is also used in three different active layers.
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    Rational Tuning of Molecular Interaction and Energy Level Alignment Enables High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics
    (1970-01-01)
    Wang, Rui
    ;
    Yuan, Jun
    ;
    Han, Guangchao
    ;
    Huang, Tianyi
    ;
    Huang, Wenchao
    The performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has rapidly improved over the past years. Recent work in material design has primarily focused on developing near-infrared nonfullerene acceptors with broadening absorption that pair with commercialized donor polymers; in the meanwhile, the influence of the morphology of the blend film and the energy level alignment on the efficiency of charge separation needs to be synthetically considered. Herein, the selection rule of the donor/acceptor blend is demonstrated by rationally considering the molecular interaction and energy level alignment, and highly efficient OPV devices using both-fluorinated or both-nonfluorinated donor/acceptor blends are realized. With the enlarged absorption, ideal morphology, and efficient charge transfer, the devices based on the PBDB-T-F/Y1-4F blend and PBDB-T-F/Y6 exhibit champion power conversion efficiencies as high as 14.8% and 15.9%, respectively.
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    Influences of Structural Modification of S,N-Hexacenes on the Morphology and OFET Characteristics
    (2019-06-19)
    Huang, Yi-Fan
    ;
    Wang, Chun-Kai
    ;
    Lai, Bo-Han
    ;
    Chung, Chin-Lung
    ;
    Chen, Chin-Yi
    Although chemical modifications on conjugated molecules are widely applied for the purpose of improving processability and device performances, the effect of the modification was far less investigated. Here, five S,N-hexacenes are studied to reveal the influences of (1) the lateral alkyl chain, (2) the terminal group (thiophene vs benzene), and (3) the end capping phenyl group of the hexacenes on the morphology and organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performances. Crystal arrays of the hexacenes were prepared via polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-assisted crystallization (PAC) prior to morphological and OFET characterizations. The lattice structures and crystal quality of the hexacenes were evaluated by microscopy and diffraction techniques including single-crystal diffractometer, electron diffraction, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The systematic analyses led to the following conclusions: (1) the bulkier alkyl side chain assists to form more densely packed crystals with less structural defects; (2) the terminal thiophene rings bring about higher-lying E-HOMO, more ordered phase, and crystal orientation, whereas the terminal benzene rings deteriorate the structural order of the active layer and result in the liquid crystal phase; and (3) the phenyl end caps ameliorate the morphological order, intermolecular overlapping, thermal stability and elevate E-HOMO. Thus, EH-DTPTt-Ph delivers the highest mu(h), contributing to high-lying E-HOMO, well-oriented crystal array with a longer correlation length, and suitable lattice orientation. This systematic research provides the aspects about the effects of the functionalized S,N-hexacenes on the morphology and OFET characteristics, which is anticipated to be useful for the molecular design of heteroacenes.
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    Tuning the Morphology of Isoindigo Donor-Acceptor Polymer Film for High Sensitivity Ammonia Sensor
    (2018-10-04)
    Lu, Chun-Fu
    ;
    Shih, Cheng-Wei
    ;
    Chen, Chien-An
    ;
    Chin, Albert
    ;
    Su, Wei-Fang
    Monitoring the ammonia gas is of great interest to both environmental benefits and human health. The recent advance in polymer thin film transistors (TFTs) can realize high sensitivity and low-cost gas sensors. Ammonia gas interacts with charge carrier channels and polymer/dielectrics interface through Coulomb force. This is the first report of high sensitivity and reusable ammonia sensor fabricated from thiophene-isoindigo donor-acceptor conducting polymer. This kind of polymer has advantages of simple synthesis and excellent air stability. The systematic study is carried out to investigate relationship among chemical structure variation and morphology control of polymer to the performance of ammonia sensor. High crystallinity, favored crystal orientation, and direct percolation routes for analytes are found to be essential to increase the susceptibility of polymers to ammonia gas. By strengthening edge-on morphology, the sensitivity can be enhanced fivefold for the same polymer. The idea can put forward the development of sensor array in a time-efficient manner by employing the morphology effect.
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    Preparation and in Vitro Bioactivity of Micron-sized Bioactive Glass Particles Using Spray Drying Method
    (2019-01-01)
    Chou, Yu-Jen
    ;
    Hsiao, Chih-Wei
    ;
    Tsou, Nien-Ti
    ;
    Wu, Meng-Huang
    ;
    Shih, Shao-Ju
    In recent years, bioactive glasses (BGs) have attracted enormous attention with their superior bioactivity, non-toxicity and degradability. Owing to their properties, they have been applied in various biological applications. In the present work, we demonstrated that micron-sized BGs can be prepared with a spray drying method. This technique offers the advantages of low contamination and the ability of mass production, in contrast to the two major synthetic methods, conventional glass-melting and sol-gel, previously used for preparation of BGs. Characterizations of phase composition, morphology and specific surface area of spray dried BG powders were carried out and bioactivity was examined in vitro with respect to the ability to form a hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the particles after they were immersed in simulated body fluid.
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    Gate Insulator Morphology-Dependent Reliability in Organic Thin-Film Transistors
    (2016-02)
    Chen, Hua-Mao
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    Chang, Ting-Chang
    ;
    Tai, Ya-Hsiang
    ;
    Chiang, Hsiao-Cheng
    ;
    Liu, Kuan-Hsien
    In this letter, we investigated the gate insulator morphology affecting on the electric characteristic variation for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). From the transfer characteristics, there is a result with leakage current when the gate voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, which is due to the gate insulator thickness variation. Furthermore, regardless of whether the OTFT is operated under positive or negative bias stress, the more severe degradation happened in the hump region of transfer characteristics. Because a thinner gate insulator causes a high electric field, more charges are trapped in a gate dielectric stack.
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    Compact Bis-Adduct Fullerenes and Additive-Assisted Morphological Optimization for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics
    (2014-11-26)
    Lai, Yun-Yu
    ;
    Liao, Ming-Hung
    ;
    Chen, Yen-Ting
    ;
    Cao, Fong-Yi
    ;
    Hsu, Chain-Shu
    Bis-adduct fullerenes surrounded by two insulating addends sterically attenuate intermolecular interaction and cause inferior electron transportation. In this research, we have designed and synthesized a new class of bis-adduct fullerene materials, methylphenylmethano-C-60 bis-adduct (MPC(60)BA), methylthienylmethano-C-60 bis-adduct (MTC(60)BA), methylphenylmethano-C-70 bis-adduct (MPC(70)BA), and methylthienylmethano-C-70 bis-adduct (MTC(70)BA), functionalized with two compact phenylmethylmethano and thienylmethylmethano addends via cyclopropyl linkages. These materials with much higher-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels successfully enhanced the V-oc values of the P3HT-based solar cell devices. The compact phenylmethylmethano and thienylmethylmethano addends to promote fullerene intermolecular interactions result in aggregation-induced phase separation as observed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/bis-adduct fullerene thin films. The device based on the P3HT/MTC(60)BA blend yielded a V-oc of 0.72 V, a J(sc) of 5.87 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor (FF) of 65.3%, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.76%. The unfavorable morphologies can be optimized by introducing a solvent additive to fine-tune the intermolecular interactions. 1-Chloronaphthalene (CN) having better ability to dissolve the bis-adduct fullerenes can homogeneously disperse the fullerene materials into the P3HT matrix. Consequently, the aggregated fullerene domains can be alleviated to reach a favorable morphology. With the assistance of CN additive, the P3HT/MTC(60)BA-based device exhibited enhanced characteristics (a V-oc of 0.78 V, a J(sc) of 9.04 mA/cm(2), and an FF of 69.8%), yielding a much higher PCE of 4.92%. More importantly, the additive-assisted morphological optimization is consistently effective to all four compact bis-adduct fullerenes regardless of the methylphenylmethano or methylthienylmethano scaffolds as well as C-60 or C-70 core structures. Through the extrinsic additive treatment, these bis-adduct fullerene materials with compact architectures show promise for high-performance polymer solar cells.
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    高效能高分子太陽能電池及光二極體
    (2008)
    陳方中
    ;
    Chen Fang-Chung
    ;
    國立交通大學光電工程學系(所)
    很多文獻報導指出退火製程對於高分子太陽能電池有重大的影響。「高效能高分子 太陽能電池及光二極體」研究計劃將系統性地研究包含熱退火及溶劑退火等方式對元 件特性的影響機制。以不同退火方式製備的有機薄膜將以紫外-可見光及紅外線光譜檢 視，薄膜型態也將以原子力顯微鏡、穿透式電子顯微鏡、掃瞄式電子顯微鏡、X 光繞 射及雷射掃瞄共軛焦顯微鏡等方式研究，有了基礎的薄膜型態與元件知識後，溶劑退 火也將更進一步以增加蒸氣壓及降低退火溫度來改善。此外，本計劃也將發展快速及 有效率的微波退火，最後，並檢視不同退火方式對有機光二極體的影響。預計成功執 行本計劃後高分子太陽能電池及光二極體的效能將被大幅改善。
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    高近紅外光效率有機光伏元件的研發與其在生物醫療的應用探索
    (2014)
    陳方中
    ;
    Chen Fang-Chung
    ;
    國立交通大學光電工程學系（所）
    由於生物組織在近紅外光波段具有很高的穿透度，對於近紅外光有高轉換效率的有機光伏 元件有很大潛力可以無線的方式供應奈/微米生物醫療元件所需的能源。「高近紅外光效率有 機光伏元件的研發與其在生物醫療的應用探索」之研究計劃的目標有二，第一在於提升有機光 伏元件在近紅外光光譜區域的效率，這方面的研究成果將有機會提升有機太陽能電池整體的能 量轉換效率。第二則在於發展生物可相容的有機光伏電池，探索此種新式光伏元件在生物醫療 方面應用的可能性。計畫第一年將探討數種增進元件於近紅外光區域效率的方式，包含上轉換 奈米磷光物質的應用與機制探討、近紅光光學干涉現象與光學間隙層的應用、探討陰極金屬反 射率的影響、金屬奈米粒子的表面電漿共振效應等。第二年則將使用生物相容性的材料製作元 件，並置入模擬的生物環境中測試。更重要的是也將探討生物相容有機材料特性(如能階、薄 膜型態等)與元件特性之間的關係。第三年將結合前二年的研究成果，將增進元件效率的數種 方式應用於生物相容元件之上，最後也將驗證此元件在生醫應用方面的潛力，製作以有機光伏 元件為基礎的軟性電刺激神經增生支架的雛型。
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    以自發性垂直相分離現象提升高分子太陽能電池及光偵測器特性
    (2009)
    陳方中
    ;
    Chen Fang-Chung
    ;
    國立交通大學光電工程學系(所)
    我們已經初步證實一種與金屬鋁反應後可形成良好的接觸之高分子，可以經由自發 性垂直於基板方向的相分離生成於高分子混合物之表面，此方法不但可以簡化元件製 程，也可提升元件之效率與穩定度。「以自發性垂直相分離現象提升高分子太陽能電池 及光偵測器特性」之研究計劃將系統性地研究此垂直相分離現象及對高分子太陽能電 池及光偵測器特性的影響。除了元件製作與光電特性量測之外，將量測元件的生命期 和穩定度與研究元件的衰變機制，高分子薄膜型態也將以原子力顯微鏡、穿透式電子 顯微鏡、及雷射掃描共軛焦顯微鏡等方式研究，材料的深度剖面也將以二次離子質譜 儀研究，相圖則從掃描式熱差計或光散射量測建立，也將以新材料及不同分子量的高 分子研究其材料的影響。我們也將在陽極部分製作可經垂直相分離產生之修飾層，更 進一步提升元件效率與穩定性，最後，此方式也將被應用於製作對有機光偵測器。預 計成功執行本計劃後高分子太陽能電池及光偵測器的效率與元件生命期及穩定性將被 大幅改善。