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Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cell with Large Active Area of 216 cm(2) and High Power Conversion Efficiency of 7.7%
(2019-08-01)
Huang, Kuan-Min
;
Lin, Chih-Ming
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Chen, Szu-Han
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Li, Cheng-Sian
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Hu, Chen-Hsuan
A polymer solar cell involving a nonfullerene acceptor is made by blade coating. In the ternary bulk-heterojunction layer, the donor is poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)- 5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T) and the acceptor is a mixture of 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene) (ITIC) and [6,6]-phenyl C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The device structure is an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate/PEDOT:PSS/ternary active layer/interfacial layer/Al. For a small active area of 0.04 cm(2), the best power conversion efficiency is 9.8% with the LiF interfacial layer. For a large active area of 216 cm(2), the best efficiency is 7.7% with the ZrOx interfacial layer. After annealing at 85 degrees C for 30 days, the large-area device keeps 75% of the initial efficiency. The efficiency of 4.9% is achieved for a large-area semi-transparent device.
Naphthobisthiadiazole-Based Selenophene-Incorporated Quarterchalcogenophene Copolymers for Field-Effect Transistors and Polymer Solar Cells
(2019-03-27)
Cao, Fong-Yi
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Lin, Fang-Yu
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Tseng, Cheng-Chun
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Hung, Kai-En
;
Hsu, Jhih-Yang
In this research, we developed six new selenophene-incorporated naphthobisthiadiazole-based donor-acceptor polymers PNT2Th2Se-OD, PNT2Se2Th-OD, PNT4Se-OD, PNT2Th2Se-DT, PNT2Se2Th-DT, and PNT4Se-DT. The structure-property relationships have been systematically established through the comparison of their structural variations: (1) isomeric biselenophene/bithiophene arrangement between PNT2Th2Se and PNT2Se2Th polymers, (2) biselenophene/bithiophene and quarterselenophene donor units between PNT2Th2Se/PNT2Se2Th and PNT4Se polymers, and (3) side-chain modification between the 2-octyldodecylthiophene (OD)- and 2-decyltetradecyl (DT)-series polymers. The incorporation of selenophene units in the copolymers induces stronger charge transfer to improve the light-harvesting capability while maintaining the strong intermolecular interactions to preserve the intrinsic crystallinity for high carrier mobility. The organic field-effect transistor device using PNT2Th2Se-OD achieved a high hole mobility of 0.36 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) with an on/off ratio of 1.9 x 10(5). The solar cells with PNT2Th2Se-OD:PC71BM exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 9.47% with a V-oc of 0.68 V, an fill factor of 67%, and an impressive J(SC), of 20.69 mA cm(-2).
Emerging Organic and Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices for Specialty Applications: Low-Level-Lighting Energy Conversion and Biomedical Treatment
(2019-01-04)
Chen, Fang-Chung
;
交大名義發表
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光電工程學系
;
National Chiao Tung University
;
Department of Photonics
This article reviews the progress made in emerging photovoltaic devices, including dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and perovskite solar cells, for specialty applications. Because they all feature tunable band structures, which can be modified through molecular design and/or altered compositions, the properties of emerging photovoltaic devices can be tailored to fit the special requirements of a particular application. For instance, they can be designed according to the emission spectrum of an artificial light source (e.g., fluorescence lamp and white light-emitting diode), thereby efficiently converting the indoor lighting to electricity. Furthermore, because there exists a near-infrared windowranging from 650 to 1350 nmin which photons can penetrate deeply into tissues, the absorption bands of these photovoltaic devices can be tailored specially to this therapeutic window to harvest tissue-penetrating light, thereby wirelessly providing power to biomedical devices positioned beneath the skin. The rapid progress made in these two representative areas suggests further promising applications of such emerging photovoltaic devices.
Bispentafluorophenyl-Containing Additive: Enhancing Efficiency and Morphological Stability of Polymer Solar Cells via Hand-Grabbing-Like Supramolecular Pentafluorophenyl-Fullerene Interactions
(2017-12-20)
Hung, Kai-En
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Tsai, Che-En
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Chang, Shao-Ling
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Lai, Yu-Ying
;
Jeng, U-Ser
A new class of additive materials bis(pentafluorophenyl) diesters (BFEs) where the two pentafluorophenyl (C6F5) moieties are attached at the both ends of a linear aliphatic chain with tunable tether lengths (BFS, BF7, and BF13) were designed and synthesized. In the presence of BF7 to restrict the migration of fullerehe by hand-grabbing-like supramolecular interactions induced between the C6F5 groups and the surface of fullerene, the P3HT:PC61BM:BF7 device showed stable device characteristiCs after thermal heating at 150 degrees C for 25, 'IL The morphologies Of the active layers were systematically investigated by optical microscopy, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), and atomic force microscopy. The tether length between the two C6F5 groups plays a pivotal role in controlling the intermolecular attractions. BF13 with a long and flexible tether might form a BF13-fullerene sandwich complex that fails to prevent fullerene's movement and aggregation, while BF5 with too short tether length decreases the possibility of interactions between the C6F5 groups and the fullerenes. BF7 with the optimal tether length has the best ability to stabilize the morphology. In sharp contrast, the nonfluorinated BP7 analogue without C6F5-C-60 physical interactions does not have the capability of morphological stabilization, unambiguously revealing the necessity of the C6F5 group. Most importantly, the function of BF7 can be also applied to the high-performance PffBT4BT-20D:PC71BM system, which exhibited an original PCE of 8.80%. After thermal heating at 85 degrees C for 200 h, the efficiency of the Pffi3T4BT-20D:PC71BM:BF7 device only decreased slightly to 7.73%, maintaining 88% of its original efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the thermabdriven morphological evolution of the high-performance PffBT4BT-20D polymer has been investigated, and its morphological stability in the inverted device can be successfully preserved by the incorporation of BF7. This research also demonstrates that BF7 is not only effective with PC61BM but also to PC71BM.
New D-A1-D-A2-Type Regular Terpolymers Containing Benzothiadiazole and Benzotrithiophene Acceptor Units for Photovoltaic Application
(2016-12-07)
Keshtov, Mukhamed L.
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Khokhlov, Alexei R.
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Kuklin, Serge A.
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Chen, Fang-Chung
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Koukaras, Emmanuel N.
Two novel regular terpolymers that are of D-A1-D-A2 type and contain benzothiadiazole and 2,5-dibromo-8-dodecanoylbenzo[1,2-b:3,4-b\':5,6-d \'\']trithiophene (P1) or 2,8-dibromo-5-dodecanoylbenzene[1,2-b:3,4-b\':5,6-d6-d \'\']trithiophene (P2) acceptor units with the same thiophene donor were synthesized through Stille coupling, and their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital energy levels of these terpolymers indicate that there is sufficient LUMO offset with PCBM for efficient exciton dissociation, and their deeper HOMO levels ensure the high open-circuit voltage for the resultant bulk heterojunction solar cells. Measurements on the solar cell devices also confirm that compared to those based on P2 the devices based on P1 possess a higher short-circuit photocurrent (J(sc)) as well as a higher fill factor (FF), which is attributed to the lower bandgap and higher hole mobility for P1, whereas the V-oc is higher for the devices that are based on P2, which may be a result of P2 having a lower HOMO energy level than P1. The optimized polymer solar cells fabricated using P1:PC71BM (DIO/CF) and P2:PC71BM (CF/DIO) for the active layers showed a PCE of 7.19% and 6.34%, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of PEPC71BM blend films show that they exhibit more suitable morphology with favorable interpenetrating networks, which favors high J(sc) and FF. Moreover, P1 exhibits a more crystalline nature than P2 that also favors the charge transport. This may be a result of better molecular packing, more distinct phase separation of the blended films, as well as a reduction of charge recombination.
New Alternating D-A(1)-D-A(2) Copolymer Containing Two Electron-Deficient Moieties Based on Benzothiadiazole and 9-(2-Octyldodecyl)-8H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]bisthieno[2,3-f:3 \',2 \'-h]quinoxaline-8,10(9H)-dione for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
(2016-01-01)
Keshtov, M. L.
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Kuklin, S. A.
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Godovsky, D. Y.
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Khokhlov, A. R.
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Kurchania, R.
A novel D-A(1)-D-A(2) copolymer denoted as P1 containing two electron withdrawing units based on benzothiadiazole (BT) and 9-(2-octyldodecyl)-8H-pyrrolo[3,4-b] bisthieno[2,3f:3\',2\'-h] quinoxaline-8,10(9H)-dione (PTQD) units was synthesized and characterized. The resulting copolymer exhibits a broad-absorption spectrum, relatively deep lying HOMO energy level (-5.44 eV) and narrow optical bandgap (1.50 eV). Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on P1 as donor and PC71BM as acceptor with optimized donor to acceptor weight ratio of 1: 2 and processed with DIO/CB solvent showed good photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency of 6.21% which is higher than that of the device processed without solvent additive (4.40%). The absorption and morphology investigations of the active layers indicated that structural and morphological changes were induced by the solvent additive. This higher power conversion efficiency could bemainly attributed to the absorption enhancement and improved charge transported in the active layer induced by the better nanoscale morphology of the active layer. This study demonstrated that a copolymer with two different acceptor moieties in the backbone may be promising candidate as donor copolymer for solution processed BHJ PSCs. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
UV-treated graphene oxide as anode interfacial layers for P3HT: PCBM solar cells
(2015-07-01)
Cheng, Cheng-En
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Tsai, Cheng-Wei
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Pei, Zingway
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Lin, Tsung-Wu
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Chang, Chen-Shiung
Solution-processable graphene oxide (GO) ultrathin films were introduced as anode interfacial layers (AILs) for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The photovoltaic performance of PSCs containing thermal-and UV-treated GO was comparable to that of PSCs with conventional poly(3,4-ethyledioxythiphene): poly(styrenesulfonate) AILs. UV treatment induced the surface activation of GO; an increase in the work function of UV-treated GO improved the energy band alignment at the GO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) interface, which accounted for the efficient hole collection and photovoltaic performance of PSCs with treated GO.
高效率太陽能電池用低能隙共軛高分子及碳六十衍生物之合成
(2014)
許千樹
;
國立交通大學應用化學系
近來大量的低能隙(Low Band Gap，LBG)共軛高分子被合成出來，是為了可吸收更多紅光與紅外光區的光子，藉此增加高分子太陽能電池(Polymer Solar Cell， PSC)的光電流，本計畫研究目的為利用本實驗室自行開發出的高效率低能隙共軛高分子做為P型材料，再混合N型材料[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PC61BM)或[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl-ester (PC71BM)成元件之主動層，最後結合可熱交聯之碳六十衍生物 (PCBSD)做為陰極修飾層，藉以達到高光電轉換效率之太陽能電池。本計畫中的高分子材料是以氟化的5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazole (FBT) 與5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]selenadiazole (FBS)為主體做為電子受體(Electron Acceptor)，多電子的thiophene或 selenophene為電子給體(Electron Donor)，將受體與給體進行聚合反應即可得到低能隙共軛高分子材料(P1、P2與P3) (如圖一)；實驗中採用氟化的FBT與FBS，此可以利用氟原子的拉電子效應使得高分子材料之HOMO能階下降，藉此增加太陽能電池元件之開路電壓，另一方面，selenophene 比 thiophene 的電子密度高，因此可以使得高分子材料的吸光更加紅位移，藉以增加太陽能電池元件之短路電流，這些材料具有結晶之特性，因此有高的電洞遷移率，可以提升太陽能電池元件之填充因子。製備完成的高分子材料可以製作成反式太陽能電池的結構 (ITO/ZnO/active layer/ PEDOT：PSS or MoO3/Ag)，再運用先前已在本實驗室中證實過的可熱交聯之碳六十衍生物(PCBSD)碳六十衍生物，藉由旋轉塗佈將其塗佈於氧化金屬層表面，做為陰極修飾層，此修飾層的優點為：一) 提升電子擷取能力；(二) 扮演電洞阻擋層；(三) 熱點鈍化（hot spot passivation）降低漏電流，因此可以再提升太陽能電池元件之光電流與填充因子，進而提升光電轉換效率。
A High-Mobility Low-Bandgap Copolymer for Efficient Solar Cells
(2010-12-15)
Ding, Ping
;
Chu, Cheng-Che
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Liu, Bo
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Peng, Bo
;
Zou, Yingping
A new high-mobility low-bandgap polymer, PBDT-DODTBT, based on benzodithiophene and 5,6-bis(octyloxy)-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl) benzothiadiazole has been synthesized through a standard Stille coupling reaction. The polymer is soluble in common organic solvents, such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and chlorobenzene and has excellent film forming properties. Preliminary studies of the copolymer showed the charge mobility as high as 7.15 x 10(-3) cm(2).V(-1). s(-1) from SCLC measurement. Initial photovoltaic cells based on the composite structure of ITO/PEDOT: PSS/PBDT-DODTBT: (alpha)PC(71)BM (1:2)/Ca/Al showed an open-circuit voltage of 0.76 V, a power conversion efficiency of 4.02%, and a short-circuit current of 8.96mA.cm(-2).
A Versatile Fluoro-Containing Low-Bandgap Polymer for Efficient Semitransparent and Tandem Polymer Solar Cells
(2013-10-01)
Chang, Chih-Yu
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Zuo, Lijian
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Yip, Hin-Lap
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Li, Yongxi
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Li, Chang-Zhi
The versatility of a fluoro-containing low band-gap polymer, poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzothia-diazole)] (PCPDTFBT) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) applications is demonstrated. High boiling point 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB) is used as a solvent to manipulate PCPDTFBT:[6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) active layer morphology to obtain high-performance single-junction devices. It promotes the crystallization of PCPDTFBT polymer, thus improving the charge-transport properties of the active layer. By combining the morphological manipulation with interfacial optimization and device engineering, the single-junction device exhibits both good air stability and high power-conversion efficiency (PCE, of 6.6%). This represents one of the highest PCE valuesfor cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (CPDT)-based OPVs. This polymer is also utilized for constructing semitransparent solar cells and double-junction tandem solar cells to demonstrate high PCEs of 5.0% and 8.2%, respectively.

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