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Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    Contact Engineering High-Performance n-Type MoTe2 Transistors
    (2019-09-01)
    Mleczko, Michal J.
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    Yu, Andrew C.
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    Smyth, Christopher M.
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    Chen, Victoria
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    Shin, Yong Cheol
    Semiconducting MoTe2 is one of the few two-dimensional (2D) materials with a moderate band gap, similar to silicon. However, this material remains underexplored for 2D electronics due to ambient instability and predominantly p-type Fermi level pinning at contacts. Here, we demonstrate unipolar n-type MoTe2 transistors with the highest performance to date, including high saturation current (>400 mu A/mu m at 80 K and >200 mu A/mu m at 300 K) and relatively low contact resistance (1.2 to 2 k Omega.mu m from 80 to 300 K), achieved with Ag contacts and AlOx encapsulation. We also investigate other contact metals (Sc, Ti, Cr, Au, Ni, Pt), extracting their Schottky barrier heights using an analytic subthreshold model. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that interfacial metal-Te compounds dominate the contact resistance. Among the metals studied, Sc has the lowest work function but is the most reactive, which we counter by inserting monolayer hexagonal boron nitride between MoTe2 and Sc. These metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contacts partly depin the metal Fermi level and lead to the smallest Schottky barrier for electron injection. Overall, this work improves our understanding of n-type contacts to 2D materials, an important advance for low-power electronics.
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    Enhancement of subband effective mass in Ag/Ge(111) thin film quantum wells
    (2008-12-01)
    Tang, S. -J.
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    Chang, Wen-Kai
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    Chiu, Yu-Mei
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    Chen, Hsin-Yi
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    Cheng, Cheng-Maw
    Subband dispersions of quantum-well states in Ag films on Ge(111) have been determined by angle-resolved photoemission. The effective masses of the subbands at the zone center increase substantially for decreasing film thicknesses. This peculiar behavior is attributed to a kinetic constraint for standing-wave formation governed by a momentum-dependent phase-shift function. No evidence is found for in-plane electron localization within the confined geometry.
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    Surface plasmon polariton nanolasers: Coherent light sources for new applications
    (2018-11-01)
    Chou, Yu-Hsun
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    Chang, Chia-Jui
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    Lin, Tzy-Rong
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    Lu, Tien-Chang
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    光電工程學系
    The invention of the Internet and mobile devices has caused tremendous changes in human lives over the past two decades. Information technology has broken through limitations of geospatial space, enabling extremely high-speed data transmission and new types of data services. In recent years, demands for data processing have shown an increasing trend. Furthermore, data generated from internet-related applications such as cloud services and self-driving technology are likely to grow exponentially over the coming years. Currently, data transmission inside integrated circuits mainly relies on metal wires. However, the substantial resistive-capacitive delay and energy loss that are caused by metal wires limit data transmission speeds. Optical interconnection has been regarded as a major solution to efficiently reduce energy consumption and increase data transmission speeds. The size of conventional semiconductor laser devices, which are the key component in optical interconnection, cannot be smaller than the wavelength of light, which is a fundamental physical obstacle to lasers integrating with current electronic integrated circuits in reasonable volumes. To realize optical interconnection, the volume of the laser device must match the existing electronic components. Recently, the use of diffraction-unlimited plasmonic lasers has been successfully demonstrated, and these have great potential in different applications. In this paper, we discuss the recent progress toward surface plasmon polariton lasers and provide practical insights into the challenges in realizing these novel devices.
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    Tuning the Characteristics of Surface Plasmon Polariton Nanolasers by Tailoring the Dispersion Relation
    (2017-01-01)
    Lu, Tien-Chang
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    Chou, Yu-Hsun
    ;
    Hong, Kuo-Bin
    ;
    Chung, Yi-Cheng
    ;
    Lin, Tzy-Rong
    Nanolasers with ultra-compact footprint are able to provide high intensity coherent light, which have various potential applications in high capacity signal processing, biosensing, and sub-wavelength imaging. Among various nanolasers, those lasers with cavities surrounded with metals have shown to have superior light emission properties due to the surface plasmon effect providing better field confinement capability and allowing exotic light-matter interaction. In this talk, we report robust ultraviolet ZnO nanolaser by using silver (Ag) [1] and aluminum (Al) [2] to strongly shrink the mode volume. The nanolasers operated at room temperature and even high temperature (353K) shows several distinct features including an extremely small mode volume, large Purcell factor and group index. Comparison of characteristics between Ag-and Al-based will also be made.
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    Metal for Plasmonic Ultraviolet Laser: Al or Ag?
    (2017-11-01)
    Chou, Yu-Hsun
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    Hong, Kuo-Bin
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    Chung, Yi-Cheng
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    Chang, Chun-Tse
    ;
    Chou, Bo-Tsun
    Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) nanolasers have recently emerged as promising candidates for generating a coherent light source in nanophotonic integration circuits. The properties of SPP nanolasers, such as group velocity, mode area, modulation speed, and threshold performance, can be manipulated using a dispersion relation. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of SPP nanolasers operated near and far from the SP frequency. Our results indicated that SPP nanolaser performance can be significantly influenced by manipulating the dispersion relation.
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    Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Nonlinear Optics and Quantitative SERS
    (2016-08)
    Gwo, Shangjr
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    Wang, Chun-Yuan
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    Chen, Hung-Ying
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    Lin, Meng-Hsien
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    Sun, Liuyang
    Plasmonic metasurfaces consist of two-dimensional arrays of metallic nanoresonators (plasmonic "meta-atoms"), which exhibit collective and tunable resonance properties controlled by electromagnetic near-field coupling. These man-made surfaces can produce a range of unique optical properties unattainable with natural materials. In this review, we focus on the emerging applications of metasurfaces with precisely engineered plasmonic properties for nonlinear optics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In practice, these applications are quite susceptible to material losses and structural imperfections, such as variations in size, shape, periodicity of meta-atoms, and their material states (crystallinity, impurity, and oxidation, etc.). In these aspects, conventional top-down lithographic techniques are facing major challenges due to inherent limitations in intrinsic material properties and material quality introduced during growth, synthesis, and fabrication processes, as well as achievable lithographic resolution. Moreover, they are prohibitively expensive and time-consuming for fabrication over large areas. Here, we show that colloidal silver crystals (millimeter-sized single-crystalline plates and thiolate-capped nanoparticles) synthesized by solution-based chemical methods are excellent material platforms for the fabrication of high-quality plasmonic metasurfaces. In, particular, both top-down (focused ion-beam milling) and bottom-up (centimeter-scale self-assembly) techniques can be exploited to generate uniform and precisely engineered colloidal metasurfaces for broadband tunable (across the full visible range) second-harmonic generation and quantitative SERS at the single-molecule level.
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    Realization of UV Plasmonic Nanolasers With Extremely Small Mode Volume
    (2015-11-01)
    Chou, Bo-Tsun
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    Chou, Yu-Hsun
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    Chiang, Chih-Kai
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    Wu, Yen-Mo
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    Lin, Tzy-Rong
    It is difficult to operate plasmonic nanolasers on silver films in the ultraviolet regime owing to the bending-back effect of surface plasmon dispersion. In this paper, we report on plasmonic lasers comprised of a ZnO nanowire lying on a single-crystalline silver film with a SiO2 spacer layer. The silver can strongly shrink the mode volume, thereby boosting the Purcell factor. Meanwhile, the SiO2 spacer thickness is optimized to adjust the surface plasmon dispersion curve so that the lasing wavelength can be located at a large dispersion region, thereby achieving a large group index of 55, an ultra-small effective mode volume of 3.5 x 10(-3)lambda(3), and low-threshold of 11 MW/cm(2).
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    Ultrastrong Mode Confinement in ZnO Surface Plasmon Nanolasers
    (2015-04-01)
    Chou, Yu-Hsun
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    Chou, Bo-Tsun
    ;
    Chiang, Chih-Kai
    ;
    Lai, Ying-Yu
    ;
    Yang, Chun-Ting
    Nano lasers with an ultracompact footprint can provide high-intensity coherent light, which can be potentially applied to high-capacity signal processing, biosensing, and subwavelength imaging. Among various nanolasers, those with cavities surrounded by metals have been shown to have superior light emission properties because of the surface plasmon effect that provides enhanced field confinement capability and enables exotic light matter interaction. In this study, we demonstrated a robust ultraviolet ZnO nanolaser that can operate at room temperature by using silver to dramatically shrink the mode volume. The nanolaser shows several distinct features including an extremely small mode volume, a large Purcell factor, and a slow group velocity, which ensures strong interaction with the exciton in the nanowire.
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    Blinking suppression of colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots by coupling to silver nanoprisms
    (2009-06-15)
    Yuan, C. T.
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    Yu, Pyng
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    Tang, Jau
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    光電工程學系
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    Department of Photonics
    Fluorescence blinking of quantum dots (QDs) is a common but annoying behavior for practical applications as fluorescent markers or single photon sources. We demonstrate here, by coupling colloidal CdSe/ZnS QDs to silver nanoprisms, fluorescence blinking behavior can be suppressed. For most of coupled QDs, two emissive states with different fluorescence intensities and lifetime were observed. We suggest that energy transfer could play an important role in suppressing blinking behavior.
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    Hard repulsive barrier in hot adatom motion during dissociative adsorption of oxygen on Ag(100)
    (2009-11-07)
    Hsieh, Ming-Feng
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    Lin, Deng-Sung
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    Gawronski, Heiko
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    Morgenstern, Karina
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    物理研究所
    Random pairing simulation and low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are used to investigate the detailed O(2) dissociative adsorption processes at 200 K for various coverages. The distribution of oxygen adatoms shows a strong repulsion between the adsorbates with a radius of similar to 0.8 nm. The comparison between STM results and simulation reveals two prominent pairing distances of 2 and 4 nm and their branching ratio is about 2:1. These findings shed new light on the origin of the large intrapair distances found and on the process behind the empirical "eight-site rule.".