中文功能語法專題

Abstract

本課程是由交通大學外國語文學系提供。

Objectives This class is a continuation and advancement of ‘Syntax II: functional approaches to syntax’. It is designed to further students knowledge and understanding of the functional issues and theories involved in the analyses of Mandarin Chinese. Besides the Introduction-recent developments in functional approaches to Chinese, the lectures will focus on 10 major areas to explore the unique characters of Mandarin:

Basic sentence structure: topic, subject and clause chain Functionalism and Chinese: cognition-based grammar Cognitive basis for grammatical categories: classifiers and VRs Iconicity: temporal sequence and motion sequence The aspectual system: LE/GUO/ZHE and verbal aspect Discourse and grammar: discourse explanation of grammatical form Constructional approach: form-meaning association Emergent grammar: article system Corpus approach: near-synonyms Semantic change and grammatiacalization For each topic, 2-3 papers will be chosen to illustrate how the topic has been dealt with in the literature. The readings serve to provide a solid foundation of classic works and a wide spectrum of important issues concerning the Chinese grammar. Students are encouraged to have a broad knowledge base of all the issues discussed in class and concentrate on 1-2 areas of interest for further investigation. Students are expected to be able to apply the theoretical framework to solve a specific issue related to their interest. The class will eventually enable students to have an in-depth understanding of the unique properties of Mandarin Chinese and to conduct a small-scale research from a chosen functional perspective. Tentative Schedule

Week

Topic

W1

Introduction of the courseBasic tenets of functional syntaxChinese vs. English

W2

Functional approaches to ChineseSentence structure:Topic-Comment

W3

Functionalism and Chinese Grammar

W4

Cognitive basis for Categorization/categorialityWhy classifiers?Why VRs?

W5 Iconicity: word order in Chinese

W6 Aspect in Chinese

W7 Discourse Pragmatic

W8 Discourse, grammar and grammaticalization

W9

Emergent grammar:Article system

W10

Emergent grammar:Demonstratives

W11 Conversational analysis

W12 Corpus approach to near-synonyms

W13 Corpus approach to verbal semantics

W14 Construction grammar

W15 Constructional approach to VRC construction

W16

Happy New Year!No class

W17 Subjectivity and semantic change

W18 Class Conference Reading material:a packet of selected papers for weekly reading Recommended texts

1.Chao, Yuenren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley U Press. Charles Li and Sandra Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar. 1981. University of California Press. James Huang and Audrey Li, eds. 1996. New Horizons in Chinese Linguistics. Kluwer Academic Publisher Chaofen Sun. 2006. Chinese: a linguistic introduction. Cambridge Press Pre-requisite: It is strongly recommended that students should have taken Syntax II Grading

項目

百分比

1. Attendance and participation

20%

2. Weekly reading and group discussion

20%

3. Oral presentation

20%

4. Mid-term Critique

20%

5. Final Project

20% Mid-term CritiqueThis is designed for the students to review and comment on one particular paper discussed in class. Students need to give a well-organized summary of the article with five parts: the issue (with brief literature review), the goal and scope of the paper (the niche), the data and framework, the argument and proposal (with linguistic evidence), the contribution and/or problems unsolved. Students are encouraged to challenge the author by presenting new data, counterexamples, different analysis or different explanations. (3-5 pages) Final Project: a corpus-based analysisThis is designed for the students to write up a preliminary proposal for an issue of their interests, taking a functional and corpus-based approach (5-10 pages). Students may take the opportunity to ask a question, start collecting and sorting data, reviewing literature, identifying the niche, doing grammatical analyses and forming a hypothesis. Reference

Biq Yung-O, Tai James, Thompson Sandra. 1996. Recent Development in Functional Approaches to Chinese. New Horizons in Chinese Linguistics, 97-140. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Netherlands. Tsao, Feng-Fu. 1990. Subject, Topic and Topic Chain in Chinese. Sentence and Clause Structure in Chinese: a functional perspective. Taipei: Student Book. Co.. Tsao, Feng-Fu .1987. A Topic-Comment Approach to the BA Construction. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 15, 1:1-54. Tai, James H-Y. 1989. Toward a cognition-based functional grammar of Chinese. Functionalism and Chinese Grammar, J. Tai and F. Hsueh (ed.), 186-226. Chinese Language Teachers Association Monograph Series No.1. South Orange: Chinese Language Teachers Association.（漢譯文見《功能主義與漢語語法》， 葉蜚聲等譯，北京：北京語言學院出版社，1994） Huang, Chu-Ren. 1990. Review of Tai and Hsueh (eds.), Functionalism and Chinese Grammar. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 18, 2:318-334. Tai, James H-Y and Chao, Fang-Yi. 1994. A Semantic Study of the Classifier ZHANG. 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授課對象：碩士生