Thermal fluctuations and vortex melting in the Nb3Sn superconductor from high resolution specific heat measurements

Abstract

The range of critical thermal fluctuations in "classical" bulk superconductors is extremely small and especially in low fields hardly experimentally accessible. With a new type of calorimeter we have been able to resolve a small lambda anomaly within a narrow temperature range around the H-c2 line. We show that the evolution of the anomaly as a function of magnetic field follows scaling laws expected in the presence of critical fluctuations. The lower onset of the fluctuation regime shows many characteristics of a continuous solid-to-liquid transition in the vortex matter. It can be driven into a first-order vortex melting transition by a small ac field which helps the vortex matter to reach equilibrium.