標題: | Characteristics of trace metals in traffic-derived particles in Hsuehshan Tunnel, Taiwan: size distribution, potential source, and fingerprinting metal ratio |
作者: | Lin, Y. -C. Tsai, C. -J. Wu, Y. -C. Zhang, R. Chi, K. -H. Huang, Y. -T. Lin, S. -H. Hsu, S. -C. 環境工程研究所 Institute of Environmental Engineering |
公開日期: | 1-一月-2015 |
摘要: | Traffic emissions are a significant source of airborne particulate matter (PM) in ambient environments. These emissions contain an abundance of toxic metals and thus pose adverse effects on human health. Size-fractionated aerosol samples were collected from May to September 2013 by using micro-orifice uniform deposited impactors (MOUDIs). Sample collection was conducted simultaneously at the inlet and outlet sites of Hsuehshan Tunnel in northern Taiwan, which is the second-longest freeway tunnel (12.9 km) in Asia. This endeavor aims to characterize the chemical constituents and size distributions, as well as fingerprinting ratios of particulate metals emitted by vehicle fleets. A total of 36 metals in size-resolved aerosols were determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Three major groups - namely, tailpipe emissions (Zn, Pb, and V in fine mode), wear debris (Cu, Cd, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Sb, and Sn), and resuspended dust (Ca, Mg, K, and Rb) - of airborne PM metals were categorized on the basis of the results of enrichment factor, correlation matrix, and principal component analysis. Size distributions of wear-originated metals resembled the pattern of crustal elements, which were predominated by super-micron particulates (PM1-10). By contrast, tailpipe exhaust elements such as Zn, Pb, and V were distributed mainly in submicron particles. By employing Cu as a tracer of wear abrasion, several inter-metal ratios - including Fe / Cu (14), Ba / Cu (1.05), Sb / Cu (0.16), Sn / Cu (0.10), and Ga / Cu (0.03) - served as fingerprints for wear debris. However, the data set collected in this work is useful for further studies on traffic emission inventory and human health effects of traffic-related PM. |
URI: | http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4117-2015 http://hdl.handle.net/11536/124721 |
ISSN: | 1680-7316 |
DOI: | 10.5194/acp-15-4117-2015 |
期刊: | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
Volume: | 15 |
Issue: | 8 |
起始頁: | 4117 |
結束頁: | 4130 |
顯示於類別: | 期刊論文 |