公共自行車租借站與自行車道布設規劃之模式

Abstract

公共自行車系統(public bike system, PBS)目的是增加民眾使用綠色運具的比率、取代私人運具的使用，而公共自行車的設置需要交通環境的配合及改善，才能讓民眾在作運輸決策時選擇綠色運具，提供實際的幫助。但到目前為止，公共自行車系統的配置以及自行車道的布設仍是分別規劃，無法構成全面性的路網。 近年來有越來越多的公共自行車相關研究，其中Lin and Yang(2011)的研究雖然經由不同的起迄點以及租借站產生路網架構，但離實際的路網仍然有段差距，而目前還沒有將PBS租借站設點以及自行車道布設共同規劃的研究。因此本研究針對都市內以運輸通勤為目的之自行車使用，設計公共自行車租借站與自行車道布設規劃模式。 本研究由文獻整理出近年來公共自行車租借站以及自行車道等公共自行車相關設施之規劃考慮因素，並藉由重要關係人訪談，檢討及調整統整後的考慮因素內容。模式架構結合Lin and Yang(2011)以及Lin and Yu (2013)兩研究中的數學規劃模式，由考慮因素決定四個目標函數架構分別為安全、舒適、交通衝擊以及服務，模式限制式包含建置成本、連續性等因素，故此為多目標整數規劃模式，以此模式決定租借站以及自行車道布設位置。 將本研究所設計之模式以台北市大安區之中心地區作實例分析，模式求解方法使用ε-限制法求解非劣解集，求解軟體選用Lingo 13版的Global solver進行演算。實例分析的路網結果符合模式中的限制條件，其各項目標值皆優於既有路網，證明此模式可於實際路網中提供實質幫助。從政策分析中發現自行車道建置預算增加有助於路網建置更加完善，但增加過多的預算仍會有使目標值下降的風險存在。

The purpose of Public Bike System (PBS) is to encourage people using green transportation, instead of using private transportation. In order to let people choosing green transportation modes when making transportation decisions and provides practical help when using green transportation, PBS settings need to meet and improve traffic environments first. But so far, the PBS planning and bikeway development are still in separate projects, which can not constitute a complete biking system. There are increasing researches about PBS in recent years. One of the researches by Lin and Yang (2011) used trip origins and destinations and bike rental stations to develop a bikeway network structure while it is still far away from a real network. So far we didn’t see any research about public bike stations and bikeways layout planning together in a project. Therefore, this study develops a facility location and –network design model for bike stations and bikeways in a PBS for people who using bikes in commuting within a city. This study identified the essential factors about PBS and bikway planning by literature reviews and stakeholder interviews. The model structure combined the mathematical programming models proposed in Lin and Yang (2011) and Lin and Yu (2013). After that, using the consideration factors to determine the four objectives, those are minimization of risk, maximization of comfort, minimization of traffic impacts and maximization of service coverage. Then, the constraints are cost limitation, network continuity, and the others. Therefore, the proposed model is a multi-objective integer programming model to determin where bike stations and bikeways located. This study applied the proposed model to the centeral area of Daan District of Taipei City as a case study. The ε-constraint method is used as model solution method for searching non-dominated solutions, and the software of Lingo 13 Global Solver was applied in the model solving process. The model results of the case study obey the model constraints, and all of the objective values are better than the existing network. It shows that this model can provide practical help in actual road networks. Finally, the policy analysis found that increasing bikeway construction budget benefits developing a better PBS, but an excessive budget could decrease objective values.