論《臺灣人三部曲》儒道傳統意識之轉型

Abstract

本研究以《臺灣人三部曲》為範疇，以儒、道思想做為參照，分析文本中空間意識和人物樣態的轉變。儒家重人倫禮教，道家重自然無為。第一部《沉淪》描寫陸家客家家族，承襲傳統「晴耕雨讀」的儒農生活形態。儒家思想建構的政治秩序表現在人物命名、倫理秩序和宅第空間，以及日據初期英勇抗日的客家義民精神。第二部《滄溟行》經歷乙未戰爭之後，陸家家道中落，兄弟二人也因為儒家政治秩序的衰敗，造成他們不同的應世態度。哥哥為了要光宗耀祖，無奈地順應時局；弟弟因為感情受挫而投入社會運動。第三部《插天山之歌》形塑一個逃亡的抗日知識分子與生活在大自然中充滿野性的山村女孩。外在鄙陋的逃亡空間，在他心中卻是個有如「桃花源」般的自然樂園，也成就他重新學習耕園、作料仔、拖木馬和鉤鱸鰻的真實生活與發展新的人際網絡。他們實踐的真實生活與展現出個體自主的生命態度，便是道家思想中自覺和自然的人生美學。《臺灣人三部曲》雖在寫作順序上不是按第一部《沉淪》、第二部《滄溟行》、第三部《插天山之歌》進行，集結後依故事時間排列竟能呈現由儒家政治秩序到道家人生美學的轉型，本論文即分析此轉型的過程。

In light of Confucian and Taoist philosophies, this study analyzes the changes of the spacious consciousness and ethical attitudes in The Trilogy of the Taiwanese by Zhong Zhaozheng. Confucian thoughts teach human relations and codes of ethics, while Taoism advocates non-action or letting things take their own courses. The first novel in the trilogy Sinking Down describes the Lu family with its heritage as a Confucian farmer, exemplified by the naming of the descendants, ethical order among generations, as well as the spacious layout of the house. The familial tradition changes a little bit in the second novel To the Sea, in which the Lu family is devastated as the result of fighting Japanese invasion into Taiwan in 1895. The codes of ethics change through the contrast between two brothers in the family: the elder one yields to the Japanese political order in the hope of gaining fame for the family whereas the younger brother chooses to resist by joining the social movements. The third novel The Song of Mt. Chatian features a young man in exile, who builds a Garden of Peaches of Immortality with a rustic girl in the mountain. Their autonomous way of living in the remote area, despite the constant chasing of two Japanese detectives, demonstrates the life aesthetics of Taoism. The author of The Trilogy did not write the three novels by the numerical order; however, the stories in sequence surprisingly reveals the changing attitudes from the Confucian political order to the Taoist joy of life. The theme of the trilogy, as a result, complies to the long-standing belief in a typically Han-based Chinese society.