航空貨運網路併裝決策問題之模式與求解演算法

Abstract

近數十年，航空貨運一直呈現穩定成長的狀態，成長幅度遠遠大於客運，

近幾年臺灣政府亦努力將製造業基礎轉型並追求高科技產業的發展，一個高效

率之航空貨運業將非常有助於臺灣產品競爭力之提升。國際航空貨運業牽涉許

多參與者並擁有相當複雜的程序作業，本研究探討之航空貨運承攬業所扮演之

角色，一為貨主的服務供應者，另一則為航空公司的消費需求者，於整個航空

貨運的流程中擁有舉足輕重的地位。

在航空貨運的計費機制上，需同時考量託運貨物的重量與體積，並依照數

量折扣，航空貨運承攬業者必須技巧地將所承攬的貨物加以併裝，在降低支付

給航空公司的運費之餘，同時滿足客戶的需求。

為解決併裝問題，本研究將併裝決策問題以路線的角度出發，但由於貨物

與航班的數量大，故路線數量亦龐大，因此，本研究設法擬定演算法並求得近

似解，在進行參數設定後，開始多項的測試與分析，比較混合整數規劃模式解

與演算法解之差距，以確立演算法之效能。

Over past decades, the volume of global cargo traffic has been increasing steadily. International cargo transportation is an operation-intensive industry and involves complex procedures and many players. Among them, airfreight forwarders are particularly important as they serve as the supplier to shippers and the consumer to airlines. Given the booming high-technology manufacturing sectors in Taiwan, airfreight forwarders play a central role for enhancing the competitiveness of Taiwan high technology products. The cargo rating structure is very complicated, making the consolidation of the items from multiple shippers a very difficult optimization problem for the airfreight forwarders. In particular, both weight and volume of items should be taken into account at the same time. The consolidation decision is further complicated under the network context. Based on the perspective of path formulation, this study first develops a mixed integer programming (MIP) model to formulate the consolidation problem of air cargo networks from the aspect of freight forwarders. In order to alleviate the associated computational load, this study further develops a decomposition-based heuristic algorithm to derive the approximate solution. The study is concluded by the numerical experiment, and the results suggest that the developed models and solution algorithms can be used as a decision-support system for airfreight forwarders to handle consolidation decisions.