合成丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯/石墨烯之奈米複合材料及其形態、電子、熱和機械性質之研究

Abstract

石墨烯具有許多優異的性能。出於這個原因，石墨烯是現今廣泛研究，尤其是用於製造聚合物複合材料中，為了提高聚合物的性能。此外，這些新的複合材料發現在不同領域的各種應用，例如超級電容器，太陽能電池或鋰離子電池。在此分析中所用的石墨烯是用等離子輔助電化學剝離產生和研究的目的是製造和分析的聚合物/石墨烯複合物。在這項研究中，合成的丙烯腈 - 丁二烯 - 苯乙烯/石墨烯（ABS /石墨烯）奈米複合材料用的溶液混合方法的最佳條件是由調查不同的參數，如溫度，混合時間，所使用的溶劑或混合的方法來設置。 ABS /石墨烯的奈米複合材料具有不同的內容（0-7wt％）在它們的形態用掃描電子顯微鏡方面進行了比較（SEM）圖像，電性能通過四點探針測量，熱性能通過熱重分析（TGA）和機械性能由微作用力測試系統（MTS）。機械和熱分析，在採用熔融法的薄膜進行。對這些ABS /石墨烯混合物，我們發現在研究中，在石墨烯的低含量的石墨烯在聚合物基質中的分散性好。在更高的石墨烯裝載，填料在聚合物基質中的極限為止。電導率迅速提高而增加石墨烯的含量，並達到最大值。從熱分析，結果發現，在聚合物基質中加入石墨烯是減少的複合材料的分解起始溫度。但在石墨烯的含量較高（3至4重量％）的最大分解溫度提高很多，從而改善了熱穩定性。此外，活化能分別計算和事實證明，在聚合物中加入石墨降低了它的活化能。最後，關於機械特性，應力 - 應變曲線顯示出更好的性能。的拉伸斷裂強度提高到某一石墨烯負載和楊氏模量在填料的低含量增加了10％。在ABS /石墨烯混合物含有另一種類型的石墨烯從公司在研究所謂的GB買其他ABS複合材料進行了比較。新的ABS / CN共混物由以下的相同程序的ABS /石墨烯混合物生產的。結果發現，這些新的ABS / CN共混物顯示出的電導率的相同進化。鑑於熱分析，ABS / GB複合材料表現出較好的分解溫度，除非在石墨烯的含量更高。然而，ABS /石墨烯混合物表現出更好的活化能。最後，ABS / GB共混物表現出較好的增強和斷裂的楊氏模量的力學性能抗拉強度任期。作為結論，這兩種複合材料具有不同的石墨烯進行比較的ABS與石墨混合的行為。和事實上的ABS /石墨烯和ABS / GB複合材料顯示出急劇增強的電導率的在非常低的石墨烯的含量。另一方面，石墨，需要較高量的填料，以達到導電性的最大值。 ABS /石墨烯共混物顯示出類似的趨勢，因為有關的分解溫度和活化能在ABS /石墨。與此相反，ABS /石墨烯複合材料顯示出類似的行為作為關於機械性能的ABS / GB複合材料。事實上，ABS /石墨複合材料力學性能下降。作為這項研究的立體，混頻用的添加劑，以提高在聚合物基質中的石墨烯分散體進行。此外，我們我們的過程擴展到其它聚合物來研究這些聚合物的方法的適應性。

Graphene has many outstanding properties. For this reason, graphene is nowadays widely studied, especially for fabricating polymer composites in order to enhance the properties of the polymer. Furthermore, these new composites find various applications in different field such as supercapacitors, solar cells or lithium ion batteries. The graphene used in this analysis was produced by plasma-assisted electrochemical exfoliation and the aim of the study is to fabricate and analyse a polymer/graphene composite. In this study, Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/graphene (ABS/graphene) nanocomposites were synthesized using the solution mixing method. The best conditions were set by investigating the different parameters such as the temperature, the blending time, the solvent used or the method of mixing. ABS/graphene nanocomposites with different contents (0-7wt%) were compared in terms of their morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, electrical properties by 4 Point Probe measurement, thermal properties by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and mechanical properties by Microforce testing system (MTS). The mechanical and thermal analysis were conducted on thin films using a melting method. For these ABS/graphene blends, it was found in the study that at low content of graphene the dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix is good. At a higher graphene loading, a limit of filler in the polymer matrix is attained. The electrical conductivity enhances rapidly with increasing the content of graphene and reaches a maximum. From the thermal analysis, it was found that the addition of graphene in the polymer matrix is reducing the starting temperature of decomposition of the composites. But at a higher content of graphene (between 3 and 4 wt%) the maximum decomposition temperature enhances a lot, giving a better thermal stability. Furthermore, the activation energies were calculated and it turns out that the addition of graphene in the polymer reduces its activation energy. Finally, regarding the mechanical properties, the stress-strain curves show better properties. The tensile strength at break increased up to a certain graphene load and the Young Modulus increased by 10% at a low content of fillers. The ABS/graphene blends were compared with other ABS composites containing another type of graphene bought from a company called GB in the study. The new ABS/GB blends were produced by following the same procedure as ABS/graphene blends. It was found that these new ABS/GB blends showed the same evolution of the conductivity. In view of the thermal analysis, ABS/GB composites showed a better decomposition temperature except at a higher content of graphene. However the ABS/graphene blends show better activation energies. Finally, ABS/GB blends showed a better enhancement of the mechanical properties in term of tensile strength at break and Young Modulus. As a conclusion, these two kinds of composites with a different graphene were compared to the behaviour of ABS mixed with graphite. And in fact ABS/graphene and ABS/GB composites show a sharp enhancement of the conductivity at a very low content of graphene. On the other hand, with graphite, a higher amount of filler is needed to reach the maximum of conductivity. ABS/graphene blends show a similar trend as the ABS/graphite concerning the decomposition temperature and the activation energy. On the contrary, ABS/graphene composites show a similar behaviour as the ABS/GB composites regarding the mechanical properties. In fact, ABS/graphite composites mechanical properties are decreasing. As a perspective on this study, mixings were conducted using an additive in order to enhance the dispersion of the graphene in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, we extend our process to other polymers to study the adaptability of these polymers to the process.