次要作業呈現位置與呈現方式對注意力增強效應的影響

Abstract

注意力增強效應指當受試者同時進行主要作業為記憶作業與次要作業為偵測作業的雙重作業時，與偵測作業的目標刺激同時呈現的主要作業的記憶表現不僅不會受到偵測作業的影響，甚至會受到幫助而增進記憶表現。然而注意力增強效應的研究使用的雙重作業設計和一般的雙重作業派典不同。亦即，注意力增強效應是在重重限制條件下觀察的到。本研究的目的在放寬注意力增強效應研究中的限制條件，探討在次要偵測作業出現的位置偏離凝視點或是凝視點呈現時否固定，是否仍會觀察到注意力增強效應。70名大學生參與實驗一與二，實驗一中次要作業呈現的位置固定時，次要作業偏離凝視點的距離與方向是否會影響注意力增強效應。實驗二中次要作業呈現位置為隨機的9個方位時，探討注意力增強效應是否會受到影響。研究結果顯示，次要作業呈現位置均會出現注意力增強效應，且當次要作業偏離由左而右的視覺搜尋範圍之外時，受試者的注意力也可能因次要作業突然出現在遠處而抓取較多的注意力，導致次要作業中的目標刺激以及干擾刺激都會提升對主要作業圖片的注意力，注意力增強效應因此會不明顯。

In dual task situation, performing a secondary task, such as a signal detection task, may enhance, rather than impair, the memory performance of the primary task. However, most attentional boost effects (ABE) were observed under a very stringent dual task research paradigm. The purpose of this study was to release some of the constraints implicit in ABE studies: presentation locations of the signal detect task and randomness in presentation locations of the signal detection task. In experiment I, instead of always presented in the fixation point, the stimuli in signal detection task were presented in 9 preassigned locations with varying distance and direction from the fixation point. In experiment 2, the stimuli of the signal detection task were presented in the same 9 locations as the experiment 1, but in random order. Seventy college students participated in the study. The results showed that ABE was observed regardless of the presentation location of the secondary task and the randomness of the presentation location. Furthermore, it was found that participant might have distributed more attention to signals that appeared outside the normal visual search region. When more attention was allocated to a remote visual region, detection of a distractor may also enhanced memory of the primary task that was presented along with a distractor.