車輛路線相關問題之回顧與國內發展之分析

Abstract

在供應鏈管理中，車輛配送的排程對於成本具有極大的影響，車輛路線問題 (Vehicle Routing Problem, VRP) 因應而生。VRP由Dantzig and Ramser於1959年提出後，不論在學術界或是實務界皆受到大量的重視。對應不同的配送作業條件以及限制，至今亦發展出許多相關的延伸。本研究以靜態VRP作為研究主題，利用VRP的基本特性對相關延伸問題進行分類。並對各延伸問題的國內外文獻進行回顧與分析，進而了解VRP領域整體的發展情形與趨勢，以及目前國內相關研究發展的情況。 本研究回顧一共411篇VRP相關文獻，包含國際文獻219篇以及國內文獻192篇。發現VRP於國際文獻數量近十年有蓬勃發展趨勢，且VRP延伸的趨勢從初期顧客需求的變化逐漸轉變為結合委外或是環保綠能的相關議題，目前國內相關研究的求解能力與國際標竿比較已十分接近，應受到更多關注與鼓勵。

In the supply chain management, Vehicle Routing Problem has an important impact on the total cost, and was here presented to discuss. The VRP was first stated by Dantzig and Ramser in 1959. Not only in academia but also in practice, it gets more and more attention. In practice there exists several variants of the problem; and are related to the diverse of operating rules and constraints encountered in real-life applications. Thus, several variants of the basic problem have been put forward till now. In this study, the static VRP as a research topic, we use the basic characteristic of VRP to classify these relevant extension. Furthermore, this study reviews each relevant extension of international and internal literature, then do the analysis by keeping track of its development. According to these data, we can realize the development trends of international and internal researches in the field of VRP. This study reviewed a total of 411 VRP literatures, including 219 international literatures and 192 internal literatures. We find out that international of VRP literatures have flourish over the past 10 years, and the trend of the VRP relevant extension changed gradually from considering the customer request to outsourcing and to environmental protection issues. The internal research ability to solve different variants of the VRP relevant problems has been very close to the best know solution of international benchmark. So the VRP field should receive more attention and encouragement in the future.