道德氣候對探索式學習與利用式學習的影響：以工作中沉浸體驗為中介分析

Abstract

本研究旨在建構道德氣候、組織學習與沉浸體驗三者的前因後果影響模型。沉浸體驗是積極心理學中的一項重要領域，然而目前對沉浸理論應用於人力資源範疇的相關研究尚不完備，對於其前因後果的探討仍有開創的空間；此外，道德氣候與組織學習之連結亦尚欠缺直接的實證研究。

本研究以問卷方式收集資料，以台灣地區之企業的員工作為樣本，排除公家機關員工共計取得283份有效問卷，對本研究提出之假設進行實證檢驗，並以SPSS 22.0統計軟體進行統計分析。

研究結果顯示：(1)道德氣候對探索式學習有顯著正向影響；(2)道德氣候對利用式學習有顯著正向影響；(3)道德氣候對工作沉浸有顯著正向影響；(4)工作沉浸對探索式學習有顯著正向影響；(5)工作沉浸對利用式學習有顯著正向影響；(6)工作沉浸對道德氣候與探索式學習之關係有部分中介效果；(7)工作沉浸對道德氣候與利用式學習之關係有部分中介效果。

本研究結果幫助企業組織瞭解個人與組織環境因素對於員工工作沉浸的影響，並拓展到員工的組織學習行為，同時對道德氣候、沉浸體驗與組織雙元性學習三者關係提出討論。

The main purpose of this research is to investigate how the work-related flow mediates the effect of ethical climate on organizational learning ambidexterity－exploratory learning and exploitative learning. Flow experience is one of the most important variables in the field of positive psychology. However, the applications of flow in human resource studying are not comprehensive. There is room for exploration about the consequents and antecedents of flow. The linkage between ethical climate and ambidexterity learning also can be examined.

In this research, the author collected data from the employees who had job experiences by using papers and online questionnaires. The final samples included 283 subjects. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 22.0.

The results showed that ethical climate had positive effect on exploratory learning and exploitative learning; ethical climate also had a positive significant impact on work flow; work flow had positive effect on exploratory learning and exploitative learning; the mediation effect of work flow on the relationship between ethical climate and exploratory learning was significant; and also, work flow had mediation effect on the relationship between ethical climate and exploitative learning.

This study provided a new perspective for business to understand the influence of workplace factors on work flow, and then to develop ethical climate to stimulate organizational learning ambidexterity. Further, the author discussed more thoroughly the relationships of ethical climate, work flow, exploratory learning, and exploitative learning.