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dc.contributor.authorChang, Ya-Tingen_US
dc.contributor.authorLin, Chun-Yuen_US
dc.contributor.authorChen, Yen-Hsuen_US
dc.contributor.authorHsueh, Po-Renen_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-03T06:35:54Z-
dc.date.available2019-04-03T06:35:54Z-
dc.date.issued2015-09-02en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-302Xen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00893en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/128137-
dc.description.abstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative, biofilm-forming bacterium. Although generally regarded as an organism of low virulence, S. maltophilia is an emerging multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen in hospital and community settings, especially among immunocompromised hosts. Risk factors associated with S. maltophilia infection include underlying malignancy, cystic fibrosis, corticosteroid or immunosuppressant therapy, the presence of an indwelling central venous catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics. In this review, we provide a synthesis of information on current global trends in S. maltophilia pathogenicity as well as updated information on the molecular mechanisms contributing to its resistance to an array of antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of S. maltophilia infection in the general population increased from 0.8-1.4% during 1997-2003 to 1.3-1.68% during 2007-2012. The most important molecular mechanisms contributing to its resistance to antibiotics include beta-lactamase production, the expression of Qnr genes, and the presence of class 1 integrons and efflux pumps. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the antimicrobial drug of choice. Although a few studies have reported increased resistance to TMP/SMX, the majority of studies worldwide show that S. maltophilia continues to be highly susceptible. Drugs with historically good susceptibility results include ceftazidime, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and fluoroquinolones; however, a number of studies show an alarming trend in resistance to those agents. Tetracyclines such as tigecycline, minocycline, and doxycycline are also effective agents and consistently display good activity against S. maltophilia in various geographic regions and across different time periods. Combination therapies, novel agents, and aerosolized forms of antimicrobial drugs are currently being tested for their ability to treat infections caused by this multi-drug resistant organism.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectStenotrophomonas maltophiliaen_US
dc.subjectprevalenceen_US
dc.subjectsusceptibilityen_US
dc.subjectsurveillanceen_US
dc.subjecttreatmenten_US
dc.titleUpdate on infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with particular attention to resistance mechanisms and therapeutic optionsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2015.00893en_US
dc.identifier.journalFRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGYen_US
dc.citation.volume6en_US
dc.citation.spage0en_US
dc.citation.epage0en_US
dc.contributor.department生醫工程研究所zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Biomedical Engineeringen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:000360621100001en_US
dc.citation.woscount55en_US
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