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dc.contributor.authorPan, Yuanjinen_US
dc.contributor.authorShen, Wen-Binen_US
dc.contributor.authorDing, Haoen_US
dc.contributor.authorHwang, Cheinwayen_US
dc.contributor.authorLi, Jinen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Tengxuen_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-03T06:36:18Z-
dc.date.available2019-04-03T06:36:18Z-
dc.date.issued2015-10-01en_US
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s151026096en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/129424-
dc.description.abstractModeling nonlinear vertical components of a GPS time series is critical to separating sources contributing to mass displacements. Improved vertical precision in GPS positioning at stations for velocity fields is key to resolving the mechanism of certain geophysical phenomena. In this paper, we use ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to analyze the daily GPS time series at 89 continuous GPS stations, spanning from 2002 to 2013. EEMD decomposes a GPS time series into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are used to identify different kinds of signals and secular terms. Our study suggests that the GPS records contain not only the well-known signals (such as semi-annual and annual signals) but also the seldom-noted quasi-biennial oscillations (QBS). The quasi-biennial signals are explained by modeled loadings of atmosphere, non-tidal and hydrology that deform the surface around the GPS stations. In addition, the loadings derived from GRACE gravity changes are also consistent with the quasi-biennial deformations derived from the GPS observations. By removing the modeled components, the weighted root-mean-square (WRMS) variation of the GPS time series is reduced by 7.1% to 42.3%, and especially, after removing the seasonal and QBO signals, the average improvement percentages for seasonal and QBO signals are 25.6% and 7.5%, respectively, suggesting that it is significant to consider the QBS signals in the GPS records to improve the observed vertical deformations.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectGPS time seriesen_US
dc.subjectensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)en_US
dc.subjectquasi-biennial vertical oscillationsen_US
dc.subjectloading effectsen_US
dc.titleThe Quasi-Biennial Vertical Oscillations at Global GPS Stations: Identification by Ensemble Empirical Mode Decompositionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s151026096en_US
dc.identifier.journalSENSORSen_US
dc.citation.volume15en_US
dc.citation.issue10en_US
dc.citation.spage26096en_US
dc.citation.epage26114en_US
dc.contributor.department土木工程學系zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Civil Engineeringen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:000364242300074en_US
dc.citation.woscount9en_US
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