氣候變遷調適法制的建構與意義──從國際到國內的連結變動軌跡

Abstract

因應氣候變遷的衝擊，立法推動調適法制已經勢在必行，然而，對於調適法制應該如何建構，既有的環境法是否能因應氣候變遷調適的需求等議題，未受到臺灣法律學界充分討論。 本文借鏡國際上調適法制的建構發展歷程，嘗試從聯合國氣候變化綱要公約體系的規範發展與後續聯合國發展規劃署提出的調適政策綱領，釐清調適法制的形貌以及未來法制建構的方向。 本文主張，調適法制已經浮現一種新的環境法模式，特色包括連結全球與地方、呼應全球多層次治理、與發展脈絡結合、注重學習取向的程序建置並且強調社會轉型與遷徙的規範目標。據此檢視臺灣「國家氣候變遷調適政策綱領」，本文提出其不足之處，期待藉此未來調適法制繼續發展的動力與思考。

Legislation for climate change adaptation has been recognized as inevita-ble and necessary. However, how do we construct climate change adaptation law and whether adaptation law challenges existing environmental law? An-swers to these questions are far from clear. This article refers to the development of adaptation law of the regime of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Adaptation Policy Framework of UNDP, attempting to delineate the existing framework of adaptation law and to shed lights for future legal discussion. This article argues that, adaptation law has evolved into a new legal mod-el that is different from existing environmental law. The features of emerging adaptation law include: 1.connecting global commonalty and local variation; 2.global multilevel governance; 3.integrated to national development project; 4.learning-oriented procedure; 5. the function of transformation and immigra-tion. This article then examines the Nation’s Adaptation Policy Framework of Taiwan published by the Executive Yuan in 2012 and points out the disad-vantage of it. Through the analysis, this article hopes to generate more discus-sion and deliberation on climate change adaptation law in the future.