G7與BRICS國家的資源使用效率與生產力變動

Abstract

本文利用基於非導向定向距離函數模型的資料包絡分析法(DEA-DDF Model)來計算出七大工業國(G7)和金磚五國(BRICS)的效率表現和總要素生產力，資料期間為2000至2010年，共十一年，總共十二個國家，分別為七大工業國的加拿大、法國、德國、義大利、日本、英國和美國及金磚五國的巴西、中國、印度、俄羅斯聯邦和南非共和國。研究方法我們使用非導向定向距離函數模型的資料包絡分析法來計算出總體效率。本研究的產出變數為國內生產總值與二氧化碳排放量，其中，國內生產總值為意欲產出項，而二氧化碳排放量為非意欲產出項，投入變數包含資本總額、勞力與能源使用量。本研究結果顯示(一)在資本總額與勞力的效率上，開發中國家與以開發中國家無明顯的差別，顯示出傳統生產因素不在是經濟成長的主因。(二)七大工業國與金磚五國間在能源使用、國內生產總值及減量二氧化碳排放量的效率上有明顯差距，透過共同邊界分析法(Meta-frontier analysis)發現金磚五國存在技術落後的現象。(三) 七大工業國在總要素生產力上的表現優於金磚五國，而技術轉變是造成其中差距的主要原因。

Utilizing a new data envelopment analysis method based on the concept of non-oriented DDF model, this article analyzes G7 and BRICS group’s efficiency scores of all variables and total factor productivity from both static and dynamic perspectives based on the panel data from 12 developing and developed countries from G7 and BRICS for the period of 2000 to 2010. In this paper, we then further decompose the total factor productivity index into two components (technical efficiency change and technology change) that provide a full analysis. The main findings are as follows: (i) the developing and developed countries are not very different in the efficiency of real capital and labors, showing that the traditional factors of production are not major factors any more in the country’s economic growth now. (ii) G7 countries have highest efficiency scores than BRICS countries with respect to energy use, real GDP and CO2 emissions, showing that there exists technology gap between them. (iii) G7 countries performed better than BRICS countries in TFP change. This difference between them is due to technology change instead of technical efficiency change.