基於三角形式的三輪式電動車體架構設計

Abstract

本研究之目的是設計和分析三輪式電動車，其主要規格是根據中華民國自動機工程學會(SAE)所舉辦的第24屆全國大專校院環保節能車大賽中的規格書所設計。研究重點包括利用相關資訊與近似方式來設計車體的參數與其機械參數。在這項研究中，設計出後軸具有兩輪(1F2R)的三輪式車體，並根據規格書的要求，分析並建立車體相關的參數。 主要影響機構之車體轉向模型，在經過計算後我們能得到最佳的幾何形狀，駕駛員的座椅和車體外殼的設計也具有最佳人體工學，使得駕駛姿勢舒適。 吾人利用SolidWorks工程軟體來設計車子的機構，此外我們分析了車體底盤框架上的變形，瞭解其在負載狀態時每個元件的應力分佈。 我們亦使用具有有限元素分析（FEA）和計算流體動力學（CFD）能力的ANSYS軟體，來模擬和分析靜態穩定性和流體動力學因子參數，用以設計出高規格的底盤框架及阻力係數高的車體外殼。使用模擬軟體後，FEA與CFD能找到基於車體框架和阻力係數的車殼安全係數（SF）。車體的其餘部分也按照規章來設計與製造，並能夠符合要求。

The aim of this thesis is to design and analyze the body base of three-wheeled electric car, according to the specifications of 24th National Universities Super-mileage Competition organized by SAE International Taipei Section 2016 rule book. The work focuses on the important design parameters of the car and mechanical parameters, using the information and relevant approximations. In this study, a delta form body base of three-wheeled vehicle with two wheels in the rear axle (1F2R) is designed, analyzed and constructed with the specification respects to the requirement and regulation. The steering model which affects the frame design is chosen and calculated to get the best steering geometry. The driver’s seat and body shell are also designed with the best ergonomic posture and driving comfortably of the driver. The Solidworks software’s program is used to design the body base. Based on the design part, deformation on the chassis frame at load condition and stress distribution along each element can be determined. Finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of ANSYS program are utilized to simulate and analyze the static stability and fluid dynamics factor parameters which are evaluated with respect to various conditions to result a high suitable size of chassis frame and drag coefficient of body shell. In regard to the simulation, FEA and CFD are performed to find the value of safety factor (SF) rating of the frame and drag coefficient of the body shell. Other parts and equipment are also designed and fabricated by following the rule, regulation and requirements.